[
Brothers, A., Weingartner, L., & Delph, L. (2016). Genetically based population divergence of Silene latifolia from two climate regions. Evolutionary ecology research, 17, 637–650.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chowdhuri, P. K. (1957). Studies in the genus Silene. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 22, 221–278.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Coode, M. J., & Cullen, J. (1967). Silene L. In P. H. Davis (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (pp. 179-242). Edinburgh University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Del Valle, J. C., Soriguer, I., Buide, M., Narbona, E., & Whittall, J. B. (2019). Whole plastome sequencing within Silene section Psammophilae reveals mainland hybridization and divergence with the Balearic Island populations. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01466
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Douzery, E. P., Pridgeon, A. M., Kores, P., Linder, H. P., Kurzwell, H., & Chase, M. (1999). Molecular phylogenetics of Diseae (Orchidaceae) a contribution from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany, 86(6), 887–899. https://doi.org/10.2307/2656709
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Doyle, J., & Doyle, L. (1990). Isolation of Plant DNA from Fresh Tissue. Focus, 12(1), 13-15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Duminil, J. Di., & Michele, M. (2009). Plant species delimitation a comparison of morphological and molecular markers. Plant Biosystems, 143, 528–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263500902722964
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Durović, S., Schönswetter, P., Niketić, M., Tomović, G., & Frajman, B. (2017). Disentangling relationships among the members of the Silene saxifraga alliance (Caryophyllaceae) Phylogenetic structure is geographically rather than axonomically segregated. Taxon, 66, 343–364. https://doi.org/10.12705/662.4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fick, S. E., & Hijmans, R. J. (2017). WorldClim 2: New 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas: New climate surfaces for global land areas. The International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302–4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Firat, M., & Yıldız, K. (2016). Silene konuralpii (Sect. Spergulifoliae, Caryophyllaceae), a new species from eastern Anatolia. Phytotaxa, 288, 214–226.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ghazanfar, S. A. (1984). Pollen morphology of the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) sections Siphonomorpha otth and Auriculatae (boiss) schischk. New Phytologist, 98, 683–690.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ghazanfar, S. A., & Edmondson, J. R. (2013). Flora of Iraq. Vol. 5(2). Ministry of Agriculture & Kew Publishing.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hammer, O., Harper, D., & Ryan, P. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 1–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heinrichs, J., Klugmann, F., Hentschel, J., & Schneider, H. (2009). DNA taxonomy, cryptic speciation and diversification of the Neotropical African liverwort, Marchesinia brachiata (Lejeuneaceae, Porellales). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 53, 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.032
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., & Jarvis, A. (2005). Very high resolution nterpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. The International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965–1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karrenberg, S., Liu, X., Hallander, E., Favre, A., Herforth-Rahmé, J., & Widmer, A. (2018). Ecological divergence plays an important role in strong but complex reproductive isolation in campions (Silene). International Journal of Organic Evolution, 73, 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13652
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maddison, D. R., & Maddison, W. P. (2000). MacClade 4. Sunderland Sinauer Associates. Published at http://macclade.org
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Melzheimer, V. (1988). Silene L. In K. Rechinger (Ed.), Flora des iranischen hochlandes und der umrahmenden Gerbirge (Persien, Afghanistan, Teile von West-Pakistan, Nord-Iraq, Azerbaidjan, Turkmenistan). Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mucina, L. (1982). Numerical classification and ordination of ruderal plant communities (Sisymbrietalia, nopordetalia) in the western part of Slovakia. Plant Ecology, 48, 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055270
]Search in Google Scholar
[
O’Donnell, M. S., & Ignizio, D. A. (2012). Bioclimatic predictors for supporting ecological applications in the conterminous United States. US Geological Survey Data Series, 691(10), 1–10.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oxelman, B. (1996). RAPD patterns, nrDNA ITS sequences and morphologi-cal patterns in Silene section Sedoideae (Caryophyllaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 201, 93–116.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oxelman, B., & Lidén, M. (1995). Generic boundaries in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. Taxon, 44, 525–542. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223498
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., & McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 1633–1644.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Peppe, D., Royer, D., Cariglino, B., Oliver, S., Newman, S., Leight, E., Enikolopov, G., Fernandez Burgos, M., Herrera, F., & Adams, J. (2011). Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate global patterns and paleoclimatic applications. New Phytologist, 190, 724–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03615.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Posada, D., & Crandall, K. A. (1998). Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics, 14, 817–818.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rautenberg, A., Sloan, D. B., Alden, V., & Oxelman, B. (2012). Phylogenetic relationships of Silene multinervia and Silene section Conoimorpha (Caryophyllaceae). Systematic Botany, 37(1), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364412X616792
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rice, W. R. (1989). Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution, 43, 223–225.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ronquist, F., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003). MrBayes 3 Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Royer, D. L., Wilf, P., Janesko, D. A., Kowalski, E. A., & Dilcher, D. L. (2005). Correlations of climate and plant ecology to leaf size and shape: potential proxies for the fossil record. American Journal of Botany, 92(7), 1141–1151. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.7.1141
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Safaei, M., Sheidai, M., Alijanpour, B., & Noormohammadi, Z. (2016). Species delimitation and genetic diversity analysis in Salvia with the use of ISSR molecular markers. Acta Botanica Croatica, 75(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Safaeishakib, M., Assadi, M., Mehregan, I., & Ghazanfar, S. (2020). Phylogenetic study of Silene sections Auriculatae, Spergulifoliae, Ampullatae, and Lasiocalycinae in Iran. Phytotaxa, 472(2), 169–183. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.472.2.7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Safaeishakib, M., Assadi, M., Mehregan, I., & Ghazanfar, S. (2023). Cryptic Molecular-Geographical Divergence among Silene aucheriana Populations Report by ISSR Data. Biologia, 78(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01390-x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sheidai, M., Gholipour, A., & Noormohammadi, Z. (2010). Species relationship in the genus Silene L. Section Auriculatae (Caryophyllaceae) Based on morphology and RAPD analysis. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 54(1), 25–31.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Swofford, D. L. (2002). PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (and other methods) 4.0b10. Sunderland, Massachusetts. Sinauer Associates.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ter Braak, C. (1986). Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Journal of Ecology, 67, 1167–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938672
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thorpe, R. (1987). Geographic variation: a synthesis of cause, data, pattern and congruence in relation to subspecies, multivariate analysis and phylogenesis. Italian Journal of Zoology, 54, 3–11.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Townsend, C., Melzheimer, V., Kandemir, A., Ghazanfar, S. A., & Haloob, A. (2016). Caryophyllaceae. In S. A. Ghazanfar, & J. R. Edmondson (Eds.), Flora of Iraq, vol. 5(2) (pp. 6–123). Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Iraq.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Verheijen, L. M., Brovkin, V., Aerts, R., & Bönisch, G. (2013). Impacts of trait variation through observed trait climate relationships on performance of an earth system model: a conceptual analysis. Biogeosciences, 10, 5497–5515. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5497-2013
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Živković, B., Radović, J., Sokolović, D., Šiler, B., Banjanac, T. & Štrbanović, R. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes by morphometry, seed storage proteins and RAPD analysis. Industrial Crops and Products, 40, 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.027
]Search in Google Scholar
, 