Open Access

Potential Health Risk to Humans Related to Accumulation of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone in the Wheat Grown on Rodenticide Contaminated Soil


Cite

1. Askham, L. R., 1986: Anticoagulant translocation and plant residue studies in crops. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Vertebrate Pest Conference, paper 6, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, held at Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California, Published at the University of California, Davis, California 95616, 133—139.Search in Google Scholar

2. Buckle, A. P., Smith, R. H., 2015:Rodent Pests and Their Control, 2nd edn., CABI, Boston, 422 pp.10.1079/9781845938178.0000Search in Google Scholar

3. Booth, L. H., Fisher, P., Heppelthwaite, V., Eason, C. T., 2003:Toxicity and Residues of Brodifacoum in Snails and Earthworms. DOC Science Publishing, Wellington, 14 pp.Search in Google Scholar

4. Clear, M., 2003: Reports from N. Z. Food Safety Authority—red meat residue and species verification monitoring. Surveil-lance, 30, 2, 18—19.Search in Google Scholar

5. Commission Directive 2009/92/EC of 31 July 2009 amending Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council to include bromadiolone as an active substance in Annex I thereto.Search in Google Scholar

6. Commission Directive 2010/10/EU of 9 February 2010 amending Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council to include brodifacoum as an active substance in Annex I thereto.Search in Google Scholar

7. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1380 of 25 July 2017 renewing the approval of bromadiolone as an active substance for use in biocidal products of product-type 145 is to be incorporated into the EEA Agreement.Search in Google Scholar

8. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1381 of 25 July 2017 renewing the approval of brodifacoum as an active substance for use in biocidal products of product-type 146 is to be incorporated into the EEA Agreement.Search in Google Scholar

9. Damin-Pernik, M., Espana, B., Besse, S., Fourel, I., Caruel, H., Popowycz, F., et al., 2016: Development of an ecofriendly anticoagulant rodenticide based on the stereochemistry of difenacoum. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 44, 12, 1872—1880. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071688.10.1124/dmd.116.07168827621204Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Damin-Pernik, M., Espana, B., Lefebvre, S., Fourel, I., Caruel, H., Benoit, E., Lattard, V., 2017: Management of rodent populations by anticoagulant rodenticides: Toward third-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 45, 2, 160—165. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073791.10.1124/dmd.116.07379127934637Search in Google Scholar

11. Directive 98/8/EC concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market Inclusion of active substances in Annex I to Directive 98/8/EC. Assessment Report. Brodifacoum. Product-type 14 (Rodenticides). 17 September 2009, revised 16 December 2010. Annex I—Sweden,136 pp.Search in Google Scholar

12. Directive 98/8/EC concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market Inclusion of active substances in Annex I or IA to Directive 98/8/EC. Assessment Report. Bromadio-lone Product-type 14 (Rodenticides). 30 May 2008, revised 16 December 2010. Annex I—Sweden, 81 pp.Search in Google Scholar

13. Eason, C. T., Wright, G. R. G., Milne, L. M., Morriss, G. A., 2001: Laboratory and field studies of brodifacoum residues in relation to risk of exposure to wildlife and people. Science for Conservation, 177, 11—23.Search in Google Scholar

14. ECHA (European Chemicals Agency), Biocidal Products Committee (BPC): Opinion on the application for renewal of the approval of the active substance brodifacoum. Product type:14, ECHA/BPC/113/2016, Adopted 16 June 2016.Search in Google Scholar

15. ECHA (European Chemicals Agency), Biocidal Products Committee (BPC): Opinion on the Application for Renewal of the Approval of the Active Substance Bromadiolone. Product type:14, ECHA/BPC/111/2016, Adopted 16 June 2016.Search in Google Scholar

16. EFSA Reasoned Opinion, 2017: Review of the existing maximum residue levels for bromadiolone according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, 2017, EFSA Journal, 2017, 15, 4, 4835. pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.eu. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4835.10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4835701005332625497Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. EPA, Restriction of rodenticide products, 2017: Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance zinc phosphide. https//www.epa.gov/rodenticides/restrictions-rodenticide-products; First published in EFSA Journal, 2010, 8, 7, 1671.Search in Google Scholar

18. FAO, 2019: World food situation, http://www.fao.org/world-foodsituation/csdb/en/.Search in Google Scholar

19. Feinstein, D. L., Akpa, B. S., Ayee, M. A., Boullerne, A. I., Braun, D., Brodsky, S. V., et al., 2016: The emerging threat of superwarfarins: history, detection, mechanisms, and countermeasures, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1374, 1, 111—1222. Published online 2016, May 31. DOI:10.1111/nyas.13085.10.1111/nyas.13085494022227244102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Ferland, G., 2012: Vitamin K and the nervous system: an overview of its actions. Adv. Nutr., 3, 2, 204—212. DOI: 10.3945/an.111.001784.10.3945/.111.001784Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Fisher, P., Funnell, E., Fairweather, A., Brown, L., Campion, M., 2012: Accidental discharge of brodifacoum baits into a freshwater lake: a case study. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 88, 2, 226—228. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0470-1.10.1007/s00128-011-0470-122105934Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Gómez-Canela, C., Barata, C., Lacorte, S., 2014: Occur-rence, elimination, and risk of anticoagulant rodenticides and drugs during wastewater treatment. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 7194—7203. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2714-1.10.1007/s11356-014-2714-124622989Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Gómez-Canela, C., Lacorte, S., 2016: Comprehensive characterization of anticoagulant rodenticides in sludge by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 15739—15748. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6743-9.10.1007/s11356-016-6743-927146526Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Hall, B. E, Priestley, I., 1992: Brodifacoum: Metabolism in soil under aerobic conditions (IRI Project No. 381441). Hasle-mere, Surrey, Zeneca Agrochemicals, 63 pp (Report No. 8795). In Environmental Health Criteria 175, Anticoagulant Rodenticides, World Health Organization Geneva, 1995, 126 pp.Search in Google Scholar

25. Hayes, W. J., Laws, E. R., 1991:Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Academic Press, San Diego,1576 pp.Search in Google Scholar

26. Hughes, J., Sharp, E., Taylor, M. J., Melton, L., Hartley, G., 2013: Monitoring agricultural rodenticide use and secondary exposure of raptors in Scotland. Ecotoxicology, 22, 6, 974—984. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1074-9.10.1007/s10646-013-1074-923595554Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Li, J., Zhang, H., Yang, C, Li. Y., Dai, Z., et al., 2016: An overview of osteocalcin progress. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 34, 4, 367—79. DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0734-7.10.1007/s00774-015-0734-726747614Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Poché, R. M., 1986: The status of bromadiolone in the US. In Proc. 12th Vertebrate Pest Conference. University of Nebraska, USA, 5—15.Search in Google Scholar

29. Primus, T., Wright, G., Fisher, P., 2005: Accidental discharge of brodifacoum baits in a tidal marine environment: a case study. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 74, 5, 913—919.10.1007/s00128-005-0668-116097326Search in Google Scholar

30. Rattner, B. A., Lazarus, R. S., Elliot, J. E., Shore, R. F., van den Brink, N., 2014: Adverse outcome pathway and risk of anticoagulant rodenticides to predatory wildlife. Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 15, 8433—8445. DOI:10.1021/es501740n.10.1021/es501740n24968307Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC, L70/1.Search in Google Scholar

32. Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 concerning the making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Official Journal of the European Union, L 167/1.Search in Google Scholar

33. Ruiz-Suárez, N., Boada, L. D., Henríquez-Hernández, L. A., Almeida González, M., Calabuig, P., Estévez-López, D., et al., 2012: Presence of anticoagulant rodenticide residues in five predatory bird species of t he Canary Islands, 2002—2011. Revista de Toxicológia, 29, 15—19.Search in Google Scholar

34. Schurgers, L. J., Uitto, J., Reutelingsperger, C. P., 2013: Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: a crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization. Trends Mol. Med., 19, 4, 217—226. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.008.10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.00823375872Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Shibamoto, T., Bjeldanes, L. F., 2009:Introduction to Food Toxicology. Elsevier, London, 213 pp.Search in Google Scholar

36. Spare, W. C., Olson, S. B., 1980:14C-bromadiolone soil leaching. Beltsville, Maryland, Biospherics Inc. Unpublished report submitted to WHO by Lipha S. A. In Environmental Health Criteria 175, Anticoagulant Rodenticides, World Health Organization Geneva, 1995, 126 pp.Search in Google Scholar

37. Stone, W. B., Okoniewski, J. C., Stedelin, J. R., 1999: Poisoning of wildlife with anticoagulant rodenticides in New York. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 35, 2, 187—193.10.7589/0090-3558-35.2.18710231745Search in Google Scholar

38. Völkl, S., Galicia, H., 1992:14C-bromadiolone: Degradation and metabolism in soils incubated under aerobic conditions. RCC Umweltchemie AG, laboratory report No. 252944 GLP/Unpublished. In Environmental Health Criteria 175, Anticoagulant Rodenticides, World Health Organization Geneva, 1995, 126 pp.Search in Google Scholar

39. Yan, H., Xiang, P., Zhu, L., Shen, M., 2012: Determination of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in human blood using LC-ESI/MS/MS and its application in four superwarfarin poisoning cases. Forensic Sci. Int., 222, 313—317. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.008.10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.07.00822910058Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2453-7837
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine