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Effects of burn season on large seedlings of oak and other hardwood regeneration three years after shelterwood harvest

Ying Xin
Ying Xin
 and 
Roger A. Williams
Roger A. Williams
   | Dec 31, 2019
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Article Category: Research paper
Published Online: Dec 31, 2019
Page range: 1 - 16
Received: Aug 22, 2019
Accepted: Dec 06, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2019-0009
Keywords
© 2019 Ying Xin et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

The percent change in large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) canopy volume (m3 ha−1) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.
The percent change in large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) canopy volume (m3 ha−1) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.

Figure 2

The percent change in the number of large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) stems per hectare after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.
The percent change in the number of large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) stems per hectare after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests of southern Ohio.

Figure 3

The change in magnitude of the Importance Value Index for selected species groups of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests located in southern Ohio. Seedling crown volume was used in the calculation instead of basal area to determine relative dominance.
The change in magnitude of the Importance Value Index for selected species groups of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests located in southern Ohio. Seedling crown volume was used in the calculation instead of basal area to determine relative dominance.

Analysis of variance statistics for large seedling (0.3–1.3 m total height) canopy volume (m3 ha−1) and large seedling stems per hectare within each species group before and after fall and spring burns in Richland Furnace and Zaleski State Forests in southern Ohio.

AttributeVariableSource of variationRMSEF valuePr > F
Canopy volumeFall burnTime relative to burn182.011.990.1604
Spring burnTime relative to burn126.230.010.9936
Pre-burnBurn season106.390.920.3394
Post-burnBurn season196.220.590.4453
Fall burnPre-burn60.142.140.0711
Post-burn234.862.850.0217
Spring burnPre-burn141.720.560.7271
Post-burn103.813.030.0168
Stems per hectareFall burnTime relative to burn2646.092.050.1541
Spring burnTime relative to burn2488.140.220.6367
Pre-burnBurn season2325.260.280.5969
Post-burnBurn season2796.711.790.1837
Fall burnPre-burn2106.042.180.0669
Post-burn2222.3813.25<.0001
Spring burnPre-burn2457.371.060.3929
Post-burn2335.163.060.0159

The mean1 (standard deviation) of the number (stems per hectare) of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) for species group one year before and one year after prescribed fire by burn season (fall vs spring) in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests in southern Ohio.

Fall burnSpring burn
SpeciesPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak1334 (1039)ABa1379 (725)ABa1334 (1137)Aa1127 (894)ABa
White oak1503 (1451)ABa1688 (1721)ABa1733 (2629)Aa2021 (3185)ABCa
Hickory325 (267)Aa280 (354)Aa373 (252)Aa314 (219)Aa
Red maple1758 (1596)ABa3100 (2072)Ba1302 (1251)Aa2582 (1891)ABCa
Yellow-poplar2589 (3978)Ba926 (1216)ABa1725 (4476)Aa674 (1878)ABa
Mixed hardwoods2783 (1903)Ba6710 (3566)Cb2686 (2530)Aa3543 (3828)Ca

The mean1 (standard deviation) of the total crown volume (m3 ha−1) of large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) for species group one year before and one year after prescribed fire by burn season (fall vs spring) in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests in southern Ohio.

Fall burnSpring burn
SpeciesPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak24.1 (21.0)Aa20.7 (25.3)Aa51.4 (92.5)Aa16.9 (17.7)Aa
White oak23.3 (32.7)Aa38.3 (55.6)Aa47.1 (108.4)Aa43.1 (105.5)ABa
Hickory15.9 (19.3)Aa6.6 (9.0)Aa11.2 (9.1)Aa14.3 (14.2)Aa
Red maple40.2 (49.8)ABa96.4 (70.2)Ab50.9 (51.0)Aa128.0 (140)Ba
Yellow-poplar62.9 (119.4)ABa32.3 (64.9)Aa97.7 (306.1)Aa20.6 (80.9)Aa
Mixed Hardwoods79.9 (57.3)Ba308.9 (194.2)Ba92.3 (104.8)Aa126.6 (114.0)Ba

Forest attributes in Richland Furnace State Forest and Zaleski State Forest in southern Ohio before and after prescribed burns. Dbh – diameter at breast height.

Time periodForestBasal area (m2 ha−1)Trees (ha−1)Dbh (cm)Stocking (%)
Before burnRich. Furn. SF15.610643.452
Zaleski SF15.912937.154
After burnRich. Furn. SF12.010137.241
Zaleski SF9.612028.134

The Importance Value Index1 for large seedlings (0.3–1.3 m total height) by species groups and burn season one year before and after prescribed fire in Zaleski and Richland Furnace State Forests of southern Ohio. The Importance Value Index ranking is indicated in the parenthesis.

Fall burnSpring burn
Species groupPre-burnPost-burnPre-burnPost-burn
Red oak115.1 (5)113.9 (4)111.1 (4)115.8 (4)
White oak116.4 (4)119.6 (3)114.2 (3)122.9 (3)
Hickory101.9 (6)87.9 (6)89.1 (6)107.2 (5)
Red maple125.7 (3)141.2 (2)110.6 (5)161.8 (2)
Yellow-poplar143.0 (2)97.61 (5)119.4 (2)76.1 (6)
Mixed hardwoods151.8 (1)209.0 (1)146.6 (1)170.8 (1)

The species present in the overstory prior to harvest in the Richland Furnace State Forest and Zaleski State Forest, southern Ohio.

Upland OakMixed HardwoodsUnderstoryHickory
Quercus alba L.Quercus coccinea Muenchh.Quercus prinus L.Quercus rubra L.Quercus velutina Lam.Acer saccharum Marsh.Acer rubrum L.Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.Fraxinus americana L.Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.Liriodendron tulipifera L.Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.Populus grandidentata Michx.Prunus serotina Ehrh.Ulmus americana L.Ulmus rubra Muhl.Amelanchier spp.Carpinus caroliniana Walt.Corylus americana Marsh.Hamamelis virginiana L.Lindera benzoin L.Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. KochSassafras albidum (Nutt.) NeesViburnum spp.Carya glabra (Mill.)Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Lould.Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt.
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