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Yield parameters, antioxidant activity, polyphenol and total soluble solids content of beetroot cultivars with different flesh colours

Miroslav Šlosár
Miroslav Šlosár
, 
Tomáš Kopta
Tomáš Kopta
, 
Ondrej Hegedűs
Ondrej Hegedűs
, 
Alžbeta Hegedűsová
Alžbeta Hegedűsová
, 
Ivana Mezeyová
Ivana Mezeyová
, 
Mária Timoracká
Mária Timoracká
 and 
Ján Mezey
Ján Mezey
   | Dec 31, 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Dec 31, 2020
Page range: 351 - 362
Received: Aug 31, 2020
Accepted: Nov 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0030
Keywords
© 2020 Miroslav Šlosár et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Yield of beetroot by LSD test (error bars represent SD; different letters among cultivars and years show statistically significant differences at the level p < 0.05).
Yield of beetroot by LSD test (error bars represent SD; different letters among cultivars and years show statistically significant differences at the level p < 0.05).

Figure 2

3D surface graph with average yields of all cultivars in relation to root shape (with two main shape types) and flesh colour.
3D surface graph with average yields of all cultivars in relation to root shape (with two main shape types) and flesh colour.

Figure 3

The average weight of beetroot by LSD test (error bars represent SD; different letters among cultivars and years show statistically significant differences at the level p < 0.05).
The average weight of beetroot by LSD test (error bars represent SD; different letters among cultivars and years show statistically significant differences at the level p < 0.05).

Figure 4

Correlation of antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content in red beet.
Correlation of antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content in red beet.

Effect of the experimental treatments on the mean yield and qualitative parameters of all beetroot cultivars.

Source of varianceYieldAWAOATPCTSS
Cultivar***************
Year***************
Cultivar × Year********NS

Characteristics of the experiment area in 2016 and 2017 (Nitra, Slovak Republic).

Month20162017
P (mm)T (°C)P (mm)T (°C)
May91 VW15.0 N14 ED16.6 H
June14 ED20.3 VH26 VD21.2 EH
July135 EW21.4 H60 N21.7 H
August35 D19.5 N23 VD22.4 EH
Total265-123-
Mean-19.1-20.5

Characteristics of tested beetroot cultivars.

CultivarRoot shapeFlesh colourRing prominence
BoltardyCircularRedWeak
Boro F1CircularRedVery weak
Crosby EgyptianTransverse narrow ellipticRedWeak
CylindraNarrow oblongRedVery weak
Detroit 2Transverse medium ellipticRedWeak
Detroit GlobeTransverse medium ellipticRedMedium
Egyptian Turnip RootedTransverse narrow ellipticRedWeak
OpolskiNarrow oblongRedWeak
Pablo F1Transverse medium ellipticRedVery weak
RenovaVery narrow obovateRedVery weak
Taunus F1ObovateRedWeak
Boldor F1CircularYellowWeak
GoldenTransverse medium ellipticYellowWeak
ChioggiaTransverse medium ellipticRed-whiteVery strong
AlbinoCircularWhiteVery weak
White DetroitCircularWhiteWeak

Antioxidant activity of beetroot cultivars (mg TEAC · kg−1 d.w.).

Cultivar20162017
Boltardy759.33 ± 15.48 kl897.02 ± 6.62 q
Boro F1756.27 ± 16.48 kl864.30 ± 5.38 p
Crosby Egyptian765.23 ± 20.44 l886.35 ± 6.07 q
Cylindra682.30 ± 6.55 h792.04 ± 8.04 m
Detroit Globe768.60 ± 11.49 l940.32 ± 16.84 s
Detroit 2645.88 ± 3.80 g745.12 ± 5.16 jk
Egyptian Turnip Rooted718.73 ± 4.83 i810.34 ± 7.64 mn
Opolski724.46 ± 18.66 i834.20 ± 5.51 o
Pablo F1819.19 ± 19.23 no972.50 ± 5.95 r
Renova685.16 ± 15.63 h820.38 ± 6.91 no
Taunus F1735.05 ± 32.09 ij864.10 ± 4.27 p
Chioggia336.33 ± 3.39 b437.20 ± 6.30 d
Boldor F1411.41 ± 12.63 c513.60 ± 4.28 f
Golden435.57 ± 8.38 d494.49 ± 5.32 e
Albino328.30 ± 8.22 ab437.23 ± 7.44 d
White Detroit314.73 ± 13.09 a421.24 ± 4.51 cd

Agrochemical characteristics of the soil before the experiment establishment.

YearpHNutrients (mg·kg−1 of soil)% of humus
NminPKSCaMg
20167.05 N13.0 M198.8 VH487.5 VH26.3 M6,100 H816 VH4.17 H
20177.16 N10.1 M147.5 H477.5 VH91.3 H5,850 H762.6 VH3.75 G

Total polyphenol content in beetroot cultivars (mg GAE · kg−1 d.w.).

Cultivar20162017
Boltardy2,023.35 ± 44.29 n2,298.58 ± 24.91 q
Boro F11,969.86 ± 49.96 lm2,162.97 ± 26.42 o
Crosby Egyptian2,031.63 ± 21.19 n2,262.05 ± 41.32 pq
Cylindra1,619.93 ± 24.75 g1,800.99 ± 29.04 j
Detroit Globe2,238.81 ± 30.68 p2,833.04 ± 15.60 t
Detroit 21,537.64 ± 22.90 f1,699.60 ± 25.84 hi
Egyptian Turnip Rooted1,747.24 ± 24.65 i1,883.62 ± 41.68 k
Opolski1,799.62 ± 32.39 j1,985.29 ± 28.71 mn
Pablo F12,387.70 ± 48.75 r2,731.00 ± 30.38 s
Renova1,690.57 ± 38.11 h1,942.62 ± 33.13 lm
Taunus F11,923.52 ± 47.32 kl2,178.10 ± 42.11 o
Chioggia756.93 ± 8.96 a941.41 ± 19.23 b
Boldor F1995.45 ± 23.62 c1,183.72 ± 30.02 e
Golden1,035.27 ± 22.04 c1,125.55 ± 27.21 d
Albino734.60 ± 5.84 a933.17 ± 31.84 b
White Detroit717.27 ± 12.10 a918.19 ± 34.24 b

Total soluble solids in beetroot cultivars (ºBRIX).

Cultivar20162017
Boltardy8.6 ± 0.2 hi9.4 ± 0.2 nop
Boro F19.2 ± 0.3 mno10.2 ± 0.1 r
Crosby Egyptian9.9 ± 0.2 qr10.5 ± 0.2 s
Cylindra9.2 ± 0.2 mno9.9 ± 0.2 qr
Detroit Globe8.5 ± 0.1 gh9.2 ± 0.2 lmn
Detroit 210.1 ± 0.2 r10.8 ± 0.1 s
Egyptian Turnip Rooted8.7 ± 0.2 hij9.5 ± 0.1 op
Opolski8.3 ± 0.1 fg9.1 ± 0.2 klm
Pablo F17.8 ± 0.1 d8.8 ± 0.1 ijk
Renova8.1 ± 0.2 ef8.9 ± 0.2 jkl
Taunus F18.9 ± 0.3 ijk9.7 ± 0.2 pq
Chioggia6.4 ± 0.2 a7.7 ± 0.2 d
Boldor F16.8 ± 0.2 b7.9 ± 0.3 de
Golden7.1 ± 0.3 c8.2 ± 0.1 f
Albino7.8 ± 0.2 d8.5 ± 0.20 gh
White Detroit7.8 ± 0.2 d8.8 ± 0.2 hij
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