<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Berries are in the form of a semi-bush or shrub, soft fleshy, juicy, often small and edible. They are generally in bright colours and may sweet or sour in taste. The present study reports a comparison of the antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most consumed berry species, namely redcurrant (<italic>Ribes rubrum</italic> L.), blackcurrant (<italic>Ribes nigrum</italic> L.), red raspberry (<italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> L.), blackberry (<italic>Rubus fruticosus</italic> L.), gooseberry (<italic>Ribes uva-crispa</italic> L.) and jostaberry (<italic>Ribes nidigrolaria</italic> Rud. Bauer &amp; A. Bauer). Results of the present study suggested that the highest antioxidant activity (426.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1) and anthocyanin contents (226.33 mg ∙ 100 g−1) are found in Heritage variety of the raspberry species. The highest total phenol content was determined as 1,593.92 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) in jostaberry fruits. The highest ascorbic acid content was obtained from the Goliath variety of blackcurrant as 2,659.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1. The highest ellagic acid value was found as 48.30 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry, the highest fumaric and citric acid concentrations were noted from jostaberry fruits as 121.88 mg ∙ 100 g−1 and 14.84 mg ∙ 100 g−1, respectively, while the highest malic acid content was determined as 14.70 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry fruits. Our results suggest that berries rich in antioxidant properties and phenolic profile may be an important raw plant material for both the pharmaceutical and food industries.</abstract>

Berries are in the form of a semi-bush or shrub, soft fleshy, juicy, often small and edible. They are generally in bright colours and may sweet or sour in taste. The present study reports a comparison of the antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most consumed berry species, namely redcurrant (Ribes rubrum L.), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer). Results of the present study suggested that the highest antioxidant activity (426.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1) and anthocyanin contents (226.33 mg ∙ 100 g−1) are found in Heritage variety of the raspberry species. The highest total phenol content was determined as 1,593.92 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) in jostaberry fruits. The highest ascorbic acid content was obtained from the Goliath variety of blackcurrant as 2,659.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1. The highest ellagic acid value was found as 48.30 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry, the highest fumaric and citric acid concentrations were noted from jostaberry fruits as 121.88 mg ∙ 100 g−1 and 14.84 mg ∙ 100 g−1, respectively, while the highest malic acid content was determined as 14.70 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry fruits. Our results suggest that berries rich in antioxidant properties and phenolic profile may be an important raw plant material for both the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most widely appreciated cultivated berry species: A comparative study

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences

Folia Horticulturae

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Berries are in the form of a semi-bush or shrub, soft fleshy, juicy, often small and edible. They are generally in bright colours and may sweet or sour in...

Species	Ellagic acid	Fumaric acid	Citric acid	Malic acid
Redcurrant (Rovada)	4.85 e	7.29 d	13.44 b	2.55 d
Blackcurrant (Goliath)	5.76 e	8.98 c	12.13 c	7.14 c
Raspberry (Heritage)	11.35 d	32.47 b	9.60 d	0.98 e
Blackberry (Wild plants)	37.43 c	33.53 b	5.27 e	2.05 d
Gooseberry	48.30 a	33.35 b	9.31 d	14.70 a
Jostaberry	39.47 b	121.88 a	14.84 a	13.50 b

Berries species (cultivar)	Total phenol (mg GAE ∙ 100 g⁻¹ FW)	Antioxidant (mg ∙ 100 g⁻¹ FW)	Anthocyanin (mg ∙ 100 g⁻¹ FW)	Ascorbic acid (mg ∙ 100 g⁻¹ FW)
Redcurrant (Rovada)	8.45 e	24.41 f	8.70 e	1,326.46 b
Blackcurrant (Goliath)	11.36 e	74.43 d	17.59 e	2,659.26 a
Raspberry (Heritage)	735.03 c	129.25 b	176.11 b	32.26 f
Blackberry (Wild plants)	518.66 d	426.26 a	226.33 a	67.05 e
Gooseberry	1,223.71 b	72.23 e	84.61 d	157.91 d
Jostaberry	1,593.92 a	125.49 c	114.80 c	451.66 c

Species (cultivar)	Rutin	Catechin	Chlorogenic acid	Quercetin
Redcurrant (Rovada)	13.46 e	7.62 f	2.24 f	2.17 e
Blackcurrant (Goliath)	15.59 d	11.37 e	56.77 a	2.47 e
Raspberry (Heritage)	18.32 b	43.15 d	11.71 e	4.16 d
Blackberry (Wild plants)	17.19 c	327.90 a	22.57 d	8.46 a
Gooseberry	15.53 d	124.64 c	35.20 c	6.16 c
Jostaberry	22.29 a	164.64 b	42.56 b	7.30 b

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most widely appreciated cultivated berry species: A comparative study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Apr 22, 2020

Page range: 79 - 85

Received: Feb 06, 2020

Accepted: Feb 28, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0008

Keywords
antioxidant, berries, blackberries, currant, phenols, raspberry

© 2020 Volkan Okatan, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Comparison of the organic acids contents in investigated berries (mg ∙ 100 g−1 FW)

Comparison of some of the chemical compounds in different berries

Comparison of the major phenolic acid compounds in different berries (mg ∙ 100 g−1 FW)

Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most widely appreciated cultivated berry species: A comparative study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Apr 22, 2020

Page range: 79 - 85

Received: Feb 06, 2020

Accepted: Feb 28, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0008

Keywordsantioxidant, berries, blackberries, currant, phenols, raspberry

© 2020 Volkan Okatan, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Comparison of the organic acids contents in investigated berries (mg ∙ 100 g−1 FW)

Comparison of some of the chemical compounds in different berries

Comparison of the major phenolic acid compounds in different berries (mg ∙ 100 g−1 FW)

Keywords
antioxidant, berries, blackberries, currant, phenols, raspberry