Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities
| Sep 08, 2020
About this article
Article Category: Review Article
Published Online: Sep 08, 2020
Page range: 7 - 21
Received: Oct 06, 2019
Accepted: Feb 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fco-2019-0010
Keywords
© 2020 Georgios Ioannidis, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Key histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of P-LCNEC
High grade:
Mitotic activity of >10 mitoses per 10 HPF (2mm2) Large areas of necrosis | Cytologic features of NSCLC:
Tumor cell size >3 times the diameter of resting lymphocytes Low nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio Polygonal shape Vesicular or fine nuclear chromatin Presence of nucleoli | Neuroendocrine morphology/cell arrangement:
Palisading Organoid nesting Trabecular pattern Rosette-like structures Strong IHC activity for = ≥1 NE marker in = ≥10% of tumor cells: chromogranin A, synaptophysin and/or NCAM/CD56 Electron microscopy: NE granules |