Building production management practice in the construction industry in Nigeria

Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo; Raphael Abiodun Ojelabi

Open Access

Building production management practice in the construction industry in Nigeria

Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo

and

Raphael Abiodun Ojelabi

| Jul 23, 2020

Engineering Management in Production and Services

Volume 12 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

About this article

Cite

Page range: 56 - 73

Received: Nov 30, 2019

Accepted: May 10, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0011

Keywords
building production management, practice, Nigerian construction industry, theory, critical success factors

© 2020 Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Summary of professional builder functions in building project deliverySource: (NIOB, 2020).

Major project performance criteria summarised from following the reviewed literature

Research (author)	Critical success factors
Research (author)	Time	Cost	Quality	Health and Safety	Environment	Productivity	Risk Management	Human Resource	Client Satisfaction
Ramlee et al. (2016)	√	√	√	√	√				√
Takim and Akintoye (2002)	√	√				√
Koelmans (2004)	√	√	√	√	√		√		√
Gunathilaka et al. (2013)	√	√	√			√			√
Frefer et al. (2018)	√	√	√	√	√	√			√
Homthong and Moungnoi (2016)	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Enshassi et al. (2009)	√	√	√	√	√	√		√	√

Analysis of respondent demographics

Background information	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Professional Background of a Respondent
Architect	18	20.7
Quantity Surveyor	16	18.4
Builder	27	31.0
Civil Engineer	22	25.3
Mechanical Engineer	1	1.1
Electrical Engineer	1	1.1
Others	2	2.3
Total	87	100.0
Highest Academic Qualification Attained
HND	40	46.0
B.Sc./B.Tech.	28	32.2
PGD	1	1.1
M.SC	18	20.7
Total	87	100.0
Years of Working Experience in Construction
Less than 5 years	16	18.4
5 – 10 years	36	41.4
11 – 15 years	20	23.0
16 – 20 years	10	11.5
21 – 25 years	3	3.4
26 – 30 years	1	1.1
31 years and above	1	1.1
Total	87	100.0
Type of Building
Commercial	33	37.9
Residential	39	44.8
Religion	4	4.6
Office	9	10.3
Others	2	2.3
Total	87	100.0

Kruskal-Wallis test for critical success factors

Critical success factors	Mean	Respondents groups	Mean rank	Chi-square	DF	Asymp. Sig

Time Factors

Adequate experience of project participants	3.86	Clients	48.11	4.451	2	0.108
		Consultants	35.93
		Contractors	47.34

Effective site management and supervision	4.02	Clients	46.67	3.842	2	0.146
		Consultants	36.61
		Contractors	47.73

Realistic obligation/clear objectives	3.69	Clients	51.30	6.709	2	0.035
		Consultants	34.48
		Contractors	46.41

Adequacy of communication and coordination among parties	4.06	Clients	49.96	3.196	2	0.202
		Consultants	40.93
		Contractors	42.54

Rapid decision making	3.91	Clients	59.80	5.123	2	0.077
		Consultants	30.11
		Contractors	44.31

Cost Factors

Frequent progress meetings	3.67	Clients	49.65	2.688	2	0.261
		Consultants	45.37
		Contractors	39.49

Availability of resources	3.94	Clients	47.02	2.612	2	0.271
		Consultants	37.80
		Contractors	46.65

Adequacy of raw materials and equipment	4.02	Clients	47.17	3.880	2	0.144
		Consultants	36.50
		Contractors	47.50

Eliminating waste	3.97	Clients	50.30	5.559	2	0.062
		Consultants	35.59
		Contractors	46.22

Effective contract administration and management	3.76	Clients	55.17	11.470	2	0.003
		Consultants	32.63
		Contractors	45.35

Quality Factors

Effective quality assurance system in an organisation	3.84	Clients	56.83	9.920	2	0.007
		Consultants	35.76
		Contractors	42.04

Effective monitoring and feedback by project participants	3.82	Clients	45.63	5.984	2	0.050
		Consultants	35.04
		Contractors	49.53

Availability of a competent team	3.99	Clients	47.78	5.668	2	0.059
		Consultants	35.11
		Contractors	48.14

Quality of equipment and raw materials	3.91	Clients	47.35	0.698	2	0.705
		Consultants	41.98
		Contractors	43.39

Effective corporation among project parties	3.78	Clients	48.09	5.133	2	0.077
		Consultants	35.41
		Contractors	47.73

Health and Safety Factors

Implementation of the safety management system	3.60	Clients	49.80	3.167	2	0.205
		Consultants	37.78
		Contractors	44.93

Provision and delivery of appropriate safety training	3.54	Clients	48.63	4.864	2	0.088
		Consultants	35.65
		Contractors	47.22

Adequate number of site safety representatives	3.38	Clients	51.13	2.702	2	0.259
		Consultants	41.76
		Contractors	41.20

Involvement in the safety awareness of project participants	3.46	Clients	56.96	11.739	2	0.003
		Consultants	33.69
		Contractors	43.47

Conducting regular safety meeting or toolbox talks on site	3.44	Clients	47.24	4.462	2	0.107
		Consultants	35.83
		Contractors	47.95

Environment Factors

Regular maintenance of equipment for the project	3.84	Clients	50.48	3.953	2	0.139
		Consultants	37.26
		Contractors	44.89

Sufficient provision of environmental management training	3.45	Clients	55.61	8.115	2	0.017
		Consultants	36.87
		Contractors	41.99

The use of up-to-date technology	3.63	Clients	59.20	12.658	2	0.002
		Consultants	37.15
		Contractors	39.55

Use of environmentally friendly equipment	3.76	Clients	49.30	12.193	2	0.002
		Consultants	30.59
		Contractors	50.49

Proper environmental site planning	3.75	Clients	50.85	2.610	2	0.271
		Consultants	41.28
		Contractors	41.73

Productivity Factors

Availability of skilled workers	3.94	Clients	56.04	8.806	2	0.012
		Consultants	41.06
		Contractors	38.66

Clear and timely inspection	4.07	Clients	52.15	4.161	2	0.125
		Consultants	41.70
		Contractors	40.61

Effective change order management	3.79	Clients	52.35	5.859	2	0.053
		Consultants	36.44
		Contractors	44.32

The efficiency of tools and equipment	3.94	Clients	45.87	10.439	2	0.053
		Consultants	32.09
		Contractors	51.53

Availability of financial motivation system	3.80	Clients	46.26	3.077	2	0.215
		Consultants	37.41
		Contractors	47.41

Risk Management Factors

Effective control of third-party delays	3.62	Clients	51.48	10.083	2	0.006
		Consultants	32.00
		Contractors	48.11

Absence of defective materials	3.79	Clients	51.02	11.170	2	0.004
		Consultants	31.11
		Contractors	49.04

Availability of funds as planned throughout the project duration	3.95	Clients	52.59	13.070	2	0.001
		Consultants	30.33
		Contractors	48.64

Implementation of an effective site safety management programme	3.86	Clients	45.52	3.184	2	0.204
		Consultants	37.37
		Contractors	47.89

Adequacy of risk management techniques	3.60	Clients	45.07	0.664	2	0.718
		Consultants	40.93
		Contractors	45.58

Human Resource Factors

Availability of skilled personnel	3.90	Clients	43.67	0.203	2	0.904
		Consultants	42.57
		Contractors	45.24

Adequacy of skill training and development for all employees	3.71	Clients	53.20	4.785	2	0.091
		Consultants	39.15
		Contractors	41.82

Effective monitoring and feedback	3.84	Clients	48.33	3.323	2	0.190
		Consultants	37.28
		Contractors	46.22

Spirit of cooperation among project team members	3.75	Clients	42.63	2.518	2	0.284
		Consultants	39.02
		Contractors	48.49

Availability of internal promotion	3.69	Clients	54.76	6.458	2	0.040
		Consultants	38.52
		Contractors	41.31

Client Satisfaction Factors

The durability of the completed work	4.10	Clients	47.96	8.037	2	0.018
		Consultants	33.37
		Contractors	49.30

Aesthetic of the completed work	4.13	Clients	46.17	5.416	2	0.067
		Consultants	35.37
		Contractors	48.95

Timeliness of service	4.00	Clients	41.50	8.122	2	0.017
		Consultants	35.30
		Contractors	51.91

Efficient functionality of product/service	3.91	Clients	52.61	7.451	2	0.024
		Consultants	34.37
		Contractors	45.68

The professionalism of project team services	4.10	Clients	52.89	8.113	2	0.017
		Consultants	34.11
		Contractors	45.69

Test statistics for Kendall's coefficient of concordance

Number (N)	87
Kendall's (W^a)	0.277
Chi-Square	1733.397
Degrees of Freedom (DF)	72
Significance Level (Asymp. Sig.)	0.000

BPM implementation framework

Phase	Work section	Tasks to be completed	directly involved people	Work result	Decision to be reached
Design process	Buildability and maintainability analysis	Production information analysis (such as drawings, specifications, schedules, etc.); Note-taking on problems such as omissions, inconsistencies and access for maintenance that could severely affect the future maintenance, efficient and economical building production; Report documentation and advice on an efficient, economical and effective solution for building production; Presentation of the buildability and maintainability analysis report to the project manager or client	design team, builder, contractor, project manager and client	design that facilitates the ease of construction and maintenance; or simply design a building that is production-friendly	solutions regarding the production information
Planning process	Construction planning	Preparation of the sequence of site operations; Preparation and/or examination and review of the construction methodology document; Preparation and/or examination and review of the construction programme document; Preparation and/or examination and review of the project quality management plan document; Preparation and/or examination and review of the project health and safety plan document; Preparation and/or examination and review of the early warning system chart document; Preparation and/or examination and review of the information requirement schedule document; Preparation, examination and review of the project site organisational structure noting the conforming competence or otherwise; Preparation of the construction planning report; Presentation of the construction planning report to the project coordinator/manager or client; Arrangement of workforce and tools, preparation of the access road to the site, hoarding installation, erection of temporary shops and huts, and tidying up the site	contractor, builder, project manager, and client	site prepared and ready for actual construction activities	readiness for the execution of the building project
Production process	Managing site production process	Delivery of materials to the site; Setting out the building; Site meetings, accounts, and financial control; Engagement of resident builder(s) in the day-to-day management of the site production process; Enforcement (appraising where necessary) of the use of all production management documents (PMDs) on and off the site; Evaluation of workmanship services provided by artisans; Suggestion of solutions to site difficulties and technical problems; Preparation of BPM reports to be included in the periodic project reports	contractor, builder, project manager, and client	completed building	alternatives in the case the production or operations cannot proceed as planned
Production process	Completion	Technical inspection upon completion; Correction of errors, defects, and shortcomings; Final technical inspection	design team, contractor, builder, project manager, and client	completed building, which, in the case of acceptance, is handed over to the client	acceptance of the quality of the building works carried out by the project team

Questionnaire responses

S/NO	Respondent Groups	Distributed questionnaire	Returnedquestionnaire	Responserate (%)
1	Clients	31	23	74.2
2	Consultants	34	27	79.4
3	Contractors	49	37	75.5
4	Total	114	87	76.3

Kruskal-Wallis test for building production information, production management documents and project management techniques/tools

Variables	Mean	Respondents groups	Mean rank	Chi-square	DF	Asymp. Sig

Factors for Building Production Information

Architectural drawing	3.80	Clients	44.80	0.314	2	0.855
		Consultants	41.85
		Contractors	45.07

Structural drawing	3.71	Clients	45.50	1.138	2	0.566
		Consultants	39.87
		Contractors	46.08

Mechanical drawing	3.22	Clients	45.52	0.130	2	0.937
		Consultants	43.80
		Contractors	43.20

Electrical drawing	3.32	Clients	47.48	1.169	2	0.558
		Consultants	40.11
		Contractors	44.68

Other special drawing	2.90	Clients	50.48	2.529	2	0.282
		Consultants	39.57
		Contractors	43.20

Specification document	3.59	Clients	47.52	2.534		0.282
		Consultants	37.81
		Contractors	46.32

Factors for Production Management Documents

Construction programme document	3.57	Clients	42.46	0.378	2	0.828
		Consultants	42.80
		Contractors	45.84

Construction methodology document	3.16	Clients	39.61	1.043	2	0.594
		Consultants	46.06
		Contractors	45.23

Project health and safety plan document	2.84	Clients	47.85	0.810	2	0.667
		Consultants	43.28
		Contractors	42.18

Project quality management plan document	2.90	Clients	44.61	3.028	2	0.220
		Consultants	49.98
		Contractors	39.26

Early warning system chart document	2.21	Clients	35.63	5.381	2	0.059
		Consultants	51.59
		Contractors	43.66

Information requirement schedule document	2.21	Clients	35.67	5.673	2	0.059
		Consultants	51.78
		Contractors	43.50

Factors for Project Management Techniques/Tools

Project in controlled environments (PRINCE/PRINCE2)	1.40	Clients	39.41	4.254	2	0.119
		Consultants	48.81
		Contractors	49.51

In-house project management methods	2.41	Clients	36.85	3.986	2	0.136
		Consultants	42.54
		Contractors	49.51

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)	2.11	Clients	38.57	1.737	2	0.420
		Consultants	47.33
		Contractors	44.95

Decision analysis (DA)	2.24	Clients	30.48	13.342	2	0.001
		Consultants	42.19
		Contractors	53.73

Buildability and maintainability analysis	2.55	Clients	34.48	5.951	2	0.051
		Consultants	43.50
		Contractors	50.28

In-house decision-making techniques	2.72	Clients	35.63	4.692	2	0.096
		Consultants	43.48
		Contractors	49.58

Programme evaluation & review technique	2.82	Clients	37.28	6.226	2	0.044
		Consultants	39.52
		Contractors	51.45

Project sensitivity analysis	2.68	Clients	38.85	3.330	2	0.189
		Consultants	40.91
		Contractors	49.46

Graphical evaluation & review technique	2.52	Clients	42.24	0.612	2	0.736
		Consultants	42.26
		Contractors	46.36

Line of balance	2.54	Clients	46.85	0.793	2	0.673
		Consultants	40.81
		Contractors	44.55

Critical path method (CPM)	2.85	Clients	50.41	2.174	2	0.337
		Consultants	41.65
		Contractors	41.73

Work breakdown structure (WBS)	3.01	Clients	49.20	5.173	2	0.075
		Consultants	35.20
		Contractors	47.19

Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)	2.79	Clients	48.50	2.768	2	0.251
		Consultants	37.70
		Contractors	45.80

Probability analysis (PA)	2.56	Clients	48.98	1.650	2	0.438
		Consultants	40.09
		Contractors	43.76

In-house risk assessment tools	2.60	Clients	43.96	0.445	2	0.800
		Consultants	46.39
		Contractors	42.28

Gantt bar chart	2.20	Clients	47.46	1.898	2	0.387
		Consultants	38.78
		Contractors	45.66

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Building production management practice in the construction industry in Nigeria

Published Online: Jul 23, 2020

Page range: 56 - 73

Received: Nov 30, 2019

Accepted: May 10, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0011

Keywords
building production management, practice, Nigerian construction industry, theory, critical success factors

© 2020 Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Major project performance criteria summarised from following the reviewed literature

Analysis of respondent demographics

Kruskal-Wallis test for critical success factors

Test statistics for Kendall's coefficient of concordance

BPM implementation framework

Questionnaire responses

Kruskal-Wallis test for building production information, production management documents and project management techniques/tools

Building production management practice in the construction industry in Nigeria

Published Online: Jul 23, 2020

Page range: 56 - 73

Received: Nov 30, 2019

Accepted: May 10, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0011

Keywordsbuilding production management, practice, Nigerian construction industry, theory, critical success factors

© 2020 Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Major project performance criteria summarised from following the reviewed literature

Analysis of respondent demographics

Kruskal-Wallis test for critical success factors

Test statistics for Kendall's coefficient of concordance

BPM implementation framework

Questionnaire responses

Kruskal-Wallis test for building production information, production management documents and project management techniques/tools

Keywords
building production management, practice, Nigerian construction industry, theory, critical success factors