The Spatial Ecological Environment Design of the Waterfront Public Areas of Rural Rivers

To revitalise established urban areas in the context of stock planning, the river surges in established urban areas play an irreplaceable role. In recent years, the water systems of rivers and surges in established urban areas of many international metropolises have undergone transformation and regeneration. The formerly hardened river banks have begun to be transformed into post-industrial places of integrated residence, leisure, and work, reshaping the ecological landscape and the functions of leisure activities of the rivers and urban spaces. By selecting typical representative cases for analysis and research, this paper determines the research angle and conducts a comparative study of waterfront open space in small and medium-sized cities and large cities from the perspectives of spatial layout, functional structure, ecological restoration, and artistic style, summarises the characteristics and current problems of waterfront open space in small and medium-sized cities at the present stage, and takes the problem as a guide, combining urban design, place theory and other theoretical studies as a guide. Planning and design strategy for waterfront open space in small and medium-sized cities is proposed. This paper selects representative waterfront open spaces and open waterfront spaces for field research. It uses the waterfront open space planning strategy proposed in the paper as a guide to provide a basis for waterfront open space planning and design and, at the same time, selects typical lots for optimal design to verify the implementation ability of the strategy. This paper digs into the rich historical, and geographical information contained in the sample villages in each area summarises the site selection characteristics of traditional villages in Hebei at the mesoscopic level between different areas and analyses the characteristics of the overall layout of villages dominated by natural factors such as mountains, hills and plains, and human factors such as ancient defile post roads, military defences, industries and temples. The spatial skeleton structure of the single-axis type, multi-axis type, organic network type, regular network type, and the fortress-wall enclosed village is extracted. The characteristics of its subtypes are summarised with sample cases. The elemental composition of village centres and boundaries is summarised.