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Defense manifestations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Ricinus communis L. exposed to lead in hydroponics

Boda Ravi Kiran
Boda Ravi Kiran
 and 
M.N.V. Prasad
M.N.V. Prasad
   | Jul 25, 2019
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Jul 25, 2019
Page range: 117 - 127
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2019-0014
Keywords
© 2019 Boda Ravi Kiran, M.N.V. Prasad, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Changes in (A) Maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) , (B) Effective quantum yield ΔF/Fm′${\Delta \text{F}}/{{{\text{F}}_{\text{m}}}^{\prime }}\;$(C) Photochemical quenching (qP) and (D) Non-photochemical quenching (qN) in leaves of R. communis after 12 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.
Changes in (A) Maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) , (B) Effective quantum yield ΔF/Fm′${\Delta \text{F}}/{{{\text{F}}_{\text{m}}}^{\prime }}\;$(C) Photochemical quenching (qP) and (D) Non-photochemical quenching (qN) in leaves of R. communis after 12 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.

Figure 2

(A) Total phenolic content, (B) Flavonoids and (C) Electrolyte leakage in roots of R. communis after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.
(A) Total phenolic content, (B) Flavonoids and (C) Electrolyte leakage in roots of R. communis after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.

Figure 3

Elemental mapping profile of transverse section of root of R. communis, Control (A), 200μM (B) and 400 μM (C) using FE-SEM/EDS.
Elemental mapping profile of transverse section of root of R. communis, Control (A), 200μM (B) and 400 μM (C) using FE-SEM/EDS.

Figure 4

Energy dispersive X-ray spectral peak profile of R. communis root TS, control (A), 200μM (B) and 400 μM (C). Percent weight elemental composition of the imaged area for the Ricinus root using EDS.
Energy dispersive X-ray spectral peak profile of R. communis root TS, control (A), 200μM (B) and 400 μM (C). Percent weight elemental composition of the imaged area for the Ricinus root using EDS.

Figure 5

(A) H2O2 production in R. communis roots after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test. (B) Confocal micrograph images of histochemical visualization of ROS (H2O2) in root tip of Pb treated roots (bar = 300 μM).
(A) H2O2 production in R. communis roots after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test. (B) Confocal micrograph images of histochemical visualization of ROS (H2O2) in root tip of Pb treated roots (bar = 300 μM).

Figure 6

Dose-dependent responses in antioxidative enzymes (A) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), (B) Catalase (CAT), (C) Guaiacol peroxidise (GPX) and (D) Glutathione reductase (GR) activities in R. communis roots after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.
Dose-dependent responses in antioxidative enzymes (A) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), (B) Catalase (CAT), (C) Guaiacol peroxidise (GPX) and (D) Glutathione reductase (GR) activities in R. communis roots after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.

Figure 7

Levels of (A) Glutathione reduced (GSH), (B) Glutathione oxidized (GSSG) and (C) GSH/GSSG ratio in roots of R. communis after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.
Levels of (A) Glutathione reduced (GSH), (B) Glutathione oxidized (GSSG) and (C) GSH/GSSG ratio in roots of R. communis after 10 days of Pb treatment. Capped bar above represents mean ± SE of three individual replicates. Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences among treatments using Tukey HSD test.

Analysis of atomic percentage of elements by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in transverse section roots of R. communis treated with 0, 200 and 400 μM of Pb for 10 days.

Atomic % of elements in roots of castor plants
ElementControl200 μM Pb400 μM Pb
Oxygen41.5239.7732.00
Carbon58.4859.7867.55
LeadND0.450.45
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