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Integration of Time and Spatially Resolved In-Situ Temperature and Pressure Measurements With Soft Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Inside Burning Superslim and King-Size Cigarettes

Nan Deng
Nan Deng
, 
Sven Ehlert
Sven Ehlert
, 
Huapeng Cui
Huapeng Cui
, 
Fuwei Xie
Fuwei Xie
, 
Jan Heide
Jan Heide
, 
Bin Li
Bin Li
, 
Chuan Liu
Chuan Liu
, 
Kevin McAdam
Kevin McAdam
, 
Andreas Walte
Andreas Walte
 and 
Ralf Zimmermann
Ralf Zimmermann
   | May 23, 2020
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Published Online: May 23, 2020
Page range: 44 - 54
Received: Dec 11, 2019
Accepted: Apr 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0005
Keywords
© 2020 Nan Deng et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Experimental set-up. (a) Schematic of the thermocouple array and the chemical sampling microprobe positioned on the opposite of a test cigarette. (b) Image of the experimental set-up. (c) The laser beam for SPI-TOFMS used in the chemical sampling. (d) Image of the thermocouple and pressure sensor arrays (arrow indicates the 5th sensor marking the zero position – see text).
Experimental set-up. (a) Schematic of the thermocouple array and the chemical sampling microprobe positioned on the opposite of a test cigarette. (b) Image of the experimental set-up. (c) The laser beam for SPI-TOFMS used in the chemical sampling. (d) Image of the thermocouple and pressure sensor arrays (arrow indicates the 5th sensor marking the zero position – see text).

Figure 2

Temperature distribution maps for superslim and king-size cigarettes smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left. (Note that the vertical axis is enlarged for the superlim relative to the king-size cigarette: −2.7 to +2.7 mm (superslim) versus −4.0 to +4.0 mm (king-size).)
Temperature distribution maps for superslim and king-size cigarettes smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left. (Note that the vertical axis is enlarged for the superlim relative to the king-size cigarette: −2.7 to +2.7 mm (superslim) versus −4.0 to +4.0 mm (king-size).)

Figure 3

Pressure distribution for superslim and king-size cigarettes smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.
Pressure distribution for superslim and king-size cigarettes smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.

Figure 4

Concentration maps of benzene and nitric oxide formation in a superslim cigarette smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.
Concentration maps of benzene and nitric oxide formation in a superslim cigarette smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.

Figure 5

Concentration maps of benzene and nitric oxide formation in a king-size cigarette smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.
Concentration maps of benzene and nitric oxide formation in a king-size cigarette smoked under ISO and HCI conditions. The puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s. The direction of burn is from right to left.

Figure 6

Influence of cigarette diameter on nicotine degradation chemistry. Shown are concentration maps of nicotine, indole and ammonia under HCI puffing conditions. The starting puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s; however, concentration maps up to 5.0 s are shown to illustrate the evolution of the three species. The direction of burn is from right to left.
Influence of cigarette diameter on nicotine degradation chemistry. Shown are concentration maps of nicotine, indole and ammonia under HCI puffing conditions. The starting puff was initiated at 0 s and lasted for 2 s; however, concentration maps up to 5.0 s are shown to illustrate the evolution of the three species. The direction of burn is from right to left.

Physical parameters and mainstream smoke yields of the superslim and king-size cigarettes.

Parameter Superslim cigarette King-size cigarette
Circumference (mm) 17 24
Weight (g) 0.546 ± 0.005 0.925 ± 0.005
Cigarette paper air permeability (CU) 56.3 56.9
Cigarette paper weight (g/m2) 30.0 29.7
Burn additive content (mg/g) 12.5 13.4
Cigarette total length (mm) 97 84
Filter length (mm) 30 27
Tipping paper length (mm) 36 38
Open unlit draw resistance (Pa) 1240 1005
Total tobacco rod ventilation (%) 60.0 20.8
Filter ventilation (%) 51.9 15.8
Tobacco cutting width (mm) 0.8 0.8
ISO HCI ISO HCI
NFDPM (mg/cig) 5.78 17.18 9.49 22.2
Nicotine (mg/cig) 0.48 1.49 0.86 2.0
CO (mg/cig) 4.23 12.82 10.3 21.4

Macro-characteristic parameters of the burning tips of the two cigarettes puffed under ISO and HCI regimes.

Parameter Superslim King-size
ISO HCI ISO HCI
T0.5 (°C) 474 ± 9 545 ± 6 455 ± 13 451 ± 13
V0 (cm3) 226 ± 10 307 ± 5 489 ± 10 490 ± 6
Tmax (°C) 814 ± 20 818 ± 22 776 ± 16 796 ± 6
Average puff burn rate (mm/s) 0.75 ± 0.06 1.23 ± 0.07 0.59 ± 0.06 0.83 ± 0.05
Maximum puff burn rate (mm/s) 1.29 ± 0.12 2.41 ± 0.29 0.96 ± 0.10 1.54 ± 0.20
Average smoldering rate (mm/s) 0.10 0.08
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