Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field

1. Sierro, N., J.N.D. Battey, S. Ouadi, N. Bakaher, L. Bovet, A. Willig, S. Goepfert, M.C. Peitsch, and N.V. Ivanov: The Tobacco Genome Sequence and its Comparison with Those of Tomato and Potato; Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) 4833. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms483310.1038/ncomms4833402473724807620Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Knapp, S., M.W. Chase, and J.J. Clarkson: Nomenclatural Changes and a New Sectional Classification in Nicotiana (Solanaceae); Taxon 53 (2004) 73–82. DOI: 10.2307/413549010.2307/4135490Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Goodspeed, T.H.: The Genus Nicotiana. Origins, Relationships and Evolution of Its Species in the Light of Their Distribution, Morphology and Cytogenetics; Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA, USA, 1954, and Stechert-Hafner, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1955.Search in Google Scholar

4. USDA: National Plant Germplasm System; available at https://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/, 2018. (Accessed September 2018)Search in Google Scholar

5. Johnson, P.R.: The Economics of the Tobacco Industry; Praeger, New York, NY, USA, 1984.Search in Google Scholar

6. CABI: Invasive Species Compendium: Myzus persicae (Green Peach Aphid); available at: http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35642. (Accessed September 2018).Search in Google Scholar

7. Semtner, P.J., W.M. Tilson, and S.K. Dara: Performance of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Various Host Plants; J. Entomol. Sci. 33 (1998) 180–195.10.18474/0749-8004-33.2.180Search in Google Scholar

8. Baker, A.C.: Generic Classification of the Hemipterous Family Aphididae; Bulletin No. 826, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1920.10.5962/bhl.title.108795Search in Google Scholar

9. Havill, N.P. and R.G. Foottit: Biology and Evolution of Adelgidae; Ann. Rev. Entomol. 52 (2007) 325–349. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.09130310.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.09130317163799Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Eastop, V.F.: A Taxonomic Study of Australian Aphidoidea (Homoptera); Austr. J. Zool. 14 (1966) 399–592. DOI: 10.1071/ZO966039910.1071/ZO9660399Search in Google Scholar

11. Blackman, R.L. and V.F. Eastop: Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs; 2 Volume Set, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

12. Howard, L.O.: The Principal Insects Affecting the Tobacco Plant; Agriculture Year Book for 1898, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1899.Search in Google Scholar

13. Gillette, C.P. and E.P. Taylor: A Few Orchard Plant Lice; Bulletin 133, Colorado Experiment Station, Fort Colling, CO, USA, 1908.Search in Google Scholar

14. Chamberlin, F.A.: History and Status of the Green Peach Aphid as a Pest of Tobacco in the United States; Technical Bulletin No. 1175, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1958.Search in Google Scholar

15. Harlow, C.D. and E.P. Lampert: Resistance Mechanisms in Two Color Forms of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83 (1990) 2130–2135. DOI: org/10.1093/jee/83.6.213010.1093/jee/83.6.2130Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Blackman, R.L.: Morphological Discrimination of a Tobacco-Feeding Form from Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and a Key to New World Myzus (Nectarosiphon) species; Bull. Entomol. Res. 77 (1987) 713–730. DOI: 10.1017/S000748530001221910.1017/S0007485300012219Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Margaritopoulos, J.T., G. Malarky, J.A. Tsitsipis, and R.L. Blackman: Microsatellite DNA and Behavioural Studies Provide Evidence of Host-Mediated Speciation in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae); Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 91 (2007) 687–702. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00828.x10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00828.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Ramsey, J.S., D.A. Elzinga, P. Sarkar, Y.-R. Xin, M. Ghanim, and G. Jander: Adaptation to Nicotine Feeding in Myzus persicae; J. Chem. Ecol. 40 (2014) 869–877. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0482-510.1007/s10886-014-0482-5417079125082103Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Kanavaki, O.M., J.T. Margaritopoulos, N.I. Katis, P. Skouras, and J.A. Tsitsipis: Transmission of Potato Virus Y in Tobacco Plants by Myzus persicae nicotianae and M. persicae s.str.; Plant Dis. 90 (2006) 777–782. DOI: 10.1094/PD-90-077710.1094/PD-90-077730781239Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Devi, P.B. and T.K. Singh: Studies on the Morphometry of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae); Entomol. Res. 37 (2007) 81–85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2007.00055.x10.1111/j.1748-5967.2007.00055.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Reed, T.D. and P.J. Semtner.: Influence of Temperature on Population Development of Two Color Morphs of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Flue-Cured Tobacco; J. Entomol. Sci. 26 (1991) 33–38. DOI: 0.18474/0749-8004-26.1.3310.18474/0749-8004-26.1.33Search in Google Scholar

22. McPherson, R.M.: Seasonal Abundance of Red and Green Morphs of the Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Flue-Cured Tobacco in Georgia; J. Entomol. Sci. 24 (1989) 531–538. DOI: 10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.53110.18474/0749-8004-24.4.531Search in Google Scholar

23. Cheng, H.H. and J.J. Hanlon: Effects of Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Ontario; Tob. Sci. 29 (1985) 144–148.Search in Google Scholar

24. Reed, T.D. and P.J. Semtner: Effects of Tobacco Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Populations on Flue-Cured Tobacco Production; J. Econ. Entomol. 85 (1992): 1963–1971. DOI: org/10.1093/jee/85.5.196310.1093/jee/85.5.1963Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Mistric, W.J. and G.B. Clark: Green Peach Aphid Injury to Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves; Tob. Sci. 23 (1979) 23–24.Search in Google Scholar

26. Cheng, H.H. and W.A. Court: Effects of Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on Certain Chemical Constituents of Flue-Cured Tobacco; Tob. Sci. 21 (1977) 134–135.Search in Google Scholar

27. Burrack, H.: Tobacco Insect Management; in: 2015 Flue-Cured Tobacco Production Guide; edited by L.R. Fisher, North Carolina State University Coop. Ext. Serv., Raleigh, NC, USA, 2015, pp. 145–164.Search in Google Scholar

28. Starý, P.: Aphid Parasites (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) of the Central Asian Area; Springer, The Netherlands, 1979. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9637-310.1007/978-94-009-9637-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Minks, A.K., P. Harrewijn, and W. Helle (Eds.): Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control; World Crop Pests, Volume 2 A, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1987.Search in Google Scholar

30. Bodenheimer, F.S. and E. Swirski: The Aphidoidea of the Middle East; Weizmann Science Press, Jerusalem, Israel, 1957.Search in Google Scholar

31. Joshi, S., R.J. Rabindra, and T.P. Rajendran: Biological Control of Aphids; J. Biol. Control 24 (2010) 185–202.Search in Google Scholar

32. Aslan, M.M., N. Uygun, and P. Starý: A Survey of Aphid Parasitoids in Kahramanmaras, Turkey (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae, and Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae); Phytoparasitica 32 (2004) 255–263. DOI: 10.1007/BF0297982010.1007/BF02979820Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Aslan, M.M., and N. Uygun: The Aphidophagus Coccinellid (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Species In Kahramanmaras, Turkey; Turk. J. Zool. 29 (2005) 1–8.Search in Google Scholar

34. Reed, T.D. and P.J. Semtner: Life History, Biology, and Control of the Tobacco Aphid; Viginia Cooperative Extension Service Publication No. 436–419, Viginia State Ploythenic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 1989, pp 1–6.Search in Google Scholar

35. Elkassabany, N.M., D.C. Steinkraus, P.J. McLeod, J.C. Correll, and T. E. Morelock.: Pandora neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae): A Potential Biological Control Agent Against Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Spinach; J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 65 (1992) 196–199.Search in Google Scholar

36. Shah, P.A., M. Aebi, and U. Tuor: Method to Immobilize the Aphid-Pathogenic Fungus Erynia neoaphidis in an Alginate Matrix for Biocontrol; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 (1998) 4260–4263.10.1128/AEM.64.11.4260-4263.1998Search in Google Scholar

37. McLeod, P.J., D.C. Steinkraus, J.C. Correll, and T.E. Morelock: Prevalence of Erynia neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) Infections of Green Peach Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Spinach in the Arkansas River Valley; Environ. Entomol. 27 (1998) 796–800. DOI: org/10.1093/ee/27.3.79610.1093/ee/27.3.796Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Liu, S., D. Vijayendran, J. Carrillo-Tripp, W.A. Miller, and B.C. Bonning: Analysis of New Aphid Lethal Paralysis Virus (ALPV) Isolates Suggests Evolution of Two ALPV Species; J. Gen. Virol. 95 (2014) 2809–2819. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.069765-010.1099/vir.0.069765-025170050Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Williamson, C., E.P. Rybicki, G.G.F. Kasdorf, and M.B. von Wechmar: Characterization of a New Picorna-Like Virus Isolated From Aphids; J. Gen. Virol. 69 (1988) 787–795. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-4-78710.1099/0022-1317-69-4-787Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Dombrovsky, A. and N. Luria: The Nerium Oleander Aphid Aphis nerii is Tolerant to a Local Isolate of Aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV); Virus Genes 46 (2013) 354–361. DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0846-210.1007/s11262-012-0846-223229204Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Anthon, E.W.: Evidence for Green Peach Aphid Resistance to Organo-Phosphorous Insecticides; J. Econ. Entomol. 48 (1955) 56–57. DOI: org/10.1093/jee/48.1.5610.1093/jee/48.1.56Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

42. Silva, A.X., G. Jander, H. Samaniego, J.S. Ramsey, and C.C. Figueroa: Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) I: A Transcriptomic Survey; PLoS ONE 7 (2012) e36366. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.003636610.1371/journal.pone.0036366336986622685538Search in Google Scholar

43. Crumb, S.E.: Tobacco Cutworms; Technical Bulletin No. 88, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1929.Search in Google Scholar

44. Rings, R.W., F.J. Arnold, A.J. Keaster, and G.J. Musick: A Worldwide, Annotated Bibliography of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel); Research Circular No. 198, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, USA,1974.Search in Google Scholar

45. Gholson, L.E.: The Attraction of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) Larvae to Baits; Dissertation at the Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 1978, available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article =7547&context=rtd. (Accessed August 2018).Search in Google Scholar

46. Gurney, W.B.: Insect Pests of Cotton in New South Wales; Agric. Gaz. N.S.W. 34 (1924) 887–893.Search in Google Scholar

47. Liu, K.: Life History and Control Measures of Aqrotis ypsilon in Hangchow [Chinese]; Yearbook, Bureau of Entomology, Hangchow 5 (1936) 71–81.Search in Google Scholar

48. Kuwayama, S., K. Sakurai, and K. Endo: Soil Insects in Hokkaido, Japan, with Special Reference to the Effects of Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons; J. Econ. Entomol. 53 (1960) 1015–1018. DOI: 10.1093/jee/53.6.101510.1093/jee/53.6.1015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

49. Oku, T. and T. Kobayashi: Studies on the Ecology and Control of Insects in Grasslands. V. Oviposition Behaviour of the Black Cutworm Moth, Agrotis ypsilon Hufnagel, with Notes on Some Larval Behaviours; Bull. Tohoku Natl. Agric. Exp. Stn, 46 (1973) 161–183.Search in Google Scholar

50. Potter, D.A.: Destructive Turfgrass Insects: Biology, Diagnosis, and Control; John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

51. Fernandes, F.L., J.F.S. Diniz, P.R. Silva, and E. Mosca: Damage of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Coffea arabica in Brazil; Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 39 (2013) 49–50.Search in Google Scholar

52. Valencia, L. and R. Valdivia: Noctuideos del Valle de Ica, sus plantas hospederas y enemigos naturales; Rev. Peruana Entomol. 16 (1973) 94–101.Search in Google Scholar

53. Kirti, J.S. and M.A. Dar: Keys for the Identification and Segregation of Noctuid Subfamilies; Insect Environ. 19 (2013) 176–179.Search in Google Scholar

54. Hampson, G.: The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, Volume II; Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 1894.Search in Google Scholar

55. Walkden, H.H.: Cutworms, Armyworms and Related Species Attacking Cereal and Forage Crops in the Central Great Plains; United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, Circular No. 849, 1950.10.5962/bhl.title.64504Search in Google Scholar

56. Satterthwait, A.F.: Larval Instars and the Feeding of the Black Ccutworm, Agrotis ypsilon Rott; J. Agric. Res. 46 (1933) 517–530.Search in Google Scholar

57. Clement, S.L. and D.A. McCartney: Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Measurement of Larval Feeding Parameters on Field Corn in the Greenhouse; J. Econ. Entomol. 75 (1982) 1005–1008. DOI: 10.1093/jee/75.6.100510.1093/jee/75.6.1005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

58. Williamson, C.R. and D.A. Potier: Oviposition of Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens and Removal of Eggs by Mowing; J. Econ. Entomol. 90 (1997) 590–594. DOI: 10.1093/jee/90.2.59010.1093/jee/90.2.590Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

59. Cook, W.C.: Cutworm and Armyworms; Office State Entomologist Minnesota Circular 52 (1920) 8.Search in Google Scholar

60. Maxwell-Lefroy, H. and C.C. Ghosh: The Indian Surface Caterpillars of the Genus “Agrotis”; Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Entomology Series 1, 1907.Search in Google Scholar

61. Mangat, B.: Development of the Black Cutworm; J. Econ. Entomol. 64 (1971) 766.10.1093/jee/64.3.766Search in Google Scholar

62. Reese, J.C., L.M. English, T.R. Yonke, and M.L. Fairchild: A Method for Rearing Black Cutworms; J. Econ. Entomol. 65 (1972) 1047–1050. DOI: 10.1093/jee/65.4.104710.1093/jee/65.4.1047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

63. Allan, D.J.: Rearing Agrotis ypsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for Parasite Release; N. Z. Entomol. 5 (1973) 274–277. DOI: 10.1080/00779962.1973.972302110.1080/00779962.1973.9723021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

64. Showers, W.B., R.B. Smelser, A.J. Keaster, F. Whitford, J.F. Robinson, J.D. Lopez, and S.E. Taylor: Recapture of Marked Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Males after Long-Range Transport; Environ. Entomol. 18 (1989) 447–458. DOI: 10.1093/ee/18.3.44710.1093/ee/18.3.447Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

65. Showers, W.B., A.J. Keaster, J.R. Raulston, W.H. Hendrix, M.E. Derrick, M.D. McCorcle, J.F. Robinson, M.O. Way, M.J. Wallendorf, and J.L. Goodenough: Mechanism of Southward Migration of a Noctuid Moth [Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)]: A Complete Migrant; Ecology 74 (1993) 2303–2314. DOI: 10.2307/193958310.2307/1939583Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

66. Bretherton, R.F.: On Rearing Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel. (The Dark Sword-Grass) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); Entomol. Gaz. 20 (1969) 83–85.Search in Google Scholar

67. Odiyo, P.O.: Seasonal Distribution and Migrations of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); Tropical Pest Bulletin 4, Centre for Overseas Pest Research (COPR), London, UK, 1975.Search in Google Scholar

68. Rivnay, E. and S. Yathom: Phenology of Agrotinae in Israel; Z. Angew. Entomol. 55 (1964) 136–152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1964.tb02972.x10.1111/j.1439-0418.1964.tb02972.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

69. Carey, J.R. and C.C. Beegle: Black Cutworm Overwintering Investigations in Infested Screenhouses; Proc. North-Central Branch Entomol. Soc. Am. 30 (1975) 59–65.Search in Google Scholar

70. Quaintance, A.L.: A Preliminary Report on the Insect Enemies of Tobacco in Florida; Bulletin No. 48, Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, E.O. Painter & Co., Deland, FL, USA, 1898.Search in Google Scholar

71. Whitworth, R.J. and H. Davis: Kansas Crop Pests: Black Cutworm; Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Publication No. MF-2954, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

72. Troester, S.J., W.G. Ruesink, and R.W. Rings: A Model of Black Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) Development: Description Uses, And Implications; Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Bulletin 774, 1982.Search in Google Scholar

73. Hill, A.S., R.W. Rings, S.R. Swier, and W.L. Roelofs: Sex Pheromone Of The Black Cutworm Moth, Agrotis ipsilon; J. Chem. Ecol. 5 (1979) 439–457. DOI: 10.1007/BF0098792910.1007/BF00987929Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

74. Swier, S.R., R.W. Rings, and G.J. Musick: Reproductive Behavior of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon; Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69 (1976) 546–550. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/69.3.54610.1093/aesa/69.3.546Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

75. Swier, S.R., R.W. Rings, and G.J. Musick: Age-Related Calling Behavior of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon; Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 70 (1977) 919–924. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/70.6.91910.1093/aesa/70.6.919Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

76. Abdel-Gawaad, A.A. and A.Y. El-Shazli: Studies on the Common Cutworm Agrotis ypsilon Rott. 1. Life Cycle and Habits; Z. Angew. Entomol. 68 (1971) 409–412. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1971.tb03170.x10.1111/j.1439-0418.1971.tb03170.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

77. Luckmann, W.H., J.T. Shaw, D.W. Sherrod, and W.G. Ruesink: Developmental Rate of the Black Cutworm; J. Econ. Entomol. 69 (1976) 386–388. DOI: 10.1093/jee/69.3.38610.1093/jee/69.3.386Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

78. Blair, B.W.: Seasonal Abundance of Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiff.) and A. ipsilon (Hüfn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Zimbabwe and a Method of Forecasting Post-Winter Population Densities; J. Entomol. Soc. Southern Africa 45 (1982) 201–215.Search in Google Scholar

79. Cook, W.C.: Cutworms and Armyworms; Agricultural Experiment Station Circular No. 48, University of Minnesota, 1934, pp. 1–8.Search in Google Scholar

80. Crumb, S.E.: The Larvae of the Phalaenidae, Technical Bulletin No. 1135, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1956.Search in Google Scholar

81. Canadian Tobacco Research Foundation (CTRF): Scouting for Cutworms, Aphids, and Hornworms; available at: http://ctrf1.com/2016/06/scouting-forcutworms-aphids-and-hornworms/. (Accessed September 2018).Search in Google Scholar

82. Chamberlin, F.S. and N. Allen: Tobacco Cutworms: How to Control Them; Leaflet No. 417, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1957.10.5962/bhl.title.65391Search in Google Scholar

83. Ebssa, L. and A.M. Koppenhöfer: Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Management of Agrotis ipsilon: Effect of Instar, Nematode Species and Nematode Production Method; Pest Manag. Sci. 68 (2012) 947–957. DOI: 10.1002/ps.325910.1002/ps.3259Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

84. Cossentine, J.E. and L.C. Lewis: Interactions Between Vairimorpha necatrix, Vairimorpha sp., and a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus From Rachiplusia ou in Agrotis ipsilon Larvae; J. Invertebrate Pathol. 44 (1984) 28–35. DOI: org/10.1016/0022-2011(84)90042-910.1016/0022-2011(84)90042-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

85. Boughton, A.J., R.L. Harrison, L.C. Lewis, and B.C. Bonning: Characterization of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus From the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); J. Invertebrate Pathol. 74 (1999) 289–294. DOI: org/10.1006/jipa.1999.490110.1006/jipa.1999.490110534417Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

86. Zethner, O., B.M. Khan, M.I. Chaudhry, B. Bolet, S. Khan, H. Khan, H. Gul, L. Øgaard, M. Zaman, and G. Nawaz: Agrotis segetum Granulosis Virus as a Control Agent Against Field Populations of Agrotis ipsilon and A. segetum [Lep.: Noctuidae] on Tobacco, Okra, Potato and Sugar Beet in Northern Pakistan; Entomophaga 32 (1987) 449–455. DOI: org/10.1007/BF0237351310.1007/BF02373513Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

87. Bixby-Brosi, A.J. and D.A. Potter: Evaluating a Naturally Occurring Baculovirus for Extended Biological Control of the Black Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Golf Course Habitats; J. Econ. Entomol. 103 (2010) 1555–1563. DOI: org/10.1603/EC1017110.1603/EC1017121061953Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

88. Gabarty, A., H.M. Salem, M.A. Fouda, A.A. Abas, and A.A. Ibrahim: Pathogencity Induced by the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.); Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7 (2014) 95–100. DOI: org/10.1016/j.jrras.2013.12.00410.1016/j.jrras.2013.12.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

89. Salamov, T.S.: Ichneumonids as Parasites of Agrotis segetum; Zashchita Rastenii 4 (1974) 1–34.Search in Google Scholar

90. Herting, B.: A Critical Revision of Host Records of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera) until 1937; Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. A, Neue Serie 10 (2017) 41–173. DOI: org/10.18476/sbna.v10.a310.18476/sbna.v10.a3Search in Google Scholar

91. Patel, A.G., D.N. Yadav, and R.C. Patel: Natural Enemies of Agrotis spp. From Gujarat; Gujarat Agric. Univ. Res. J. 17 (199) 130–131.Search in Google Scholar

92. CABI: Invasive species compendium: Agrotis ipsilon (Black Cutworm); available at: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/3801. (Accessed September 07, 2018).Search in Google Scholar

93. Begg, J.A., C.R. Harris, and G.F. Manson: Chemical Control of Artificial Infestations of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, in Flue-Cured Tobacco; Can. J. Plant Sci. 43 (1963) 30–37. DOI: 10.4141/cjps63-00510.4141/cjps63-005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

94. Madden, A.H. and F.S. Chamberlin: Biology of the Tobacco Hornworm in the Southern Cigar-Tobacco District, Technical Bulletin No. 896, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1945.Search in Google Scholar

95. Gilmore, J.U.: Observations on the Hornworms Attacking Tobacco in Tennessee and Kentucky; J. Econ. Entomol. 31 (1938) 706–712. DOI: 10.1093/jee/31.6.70610.1093/jee/31.6.706Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

96. Messenger, C.: The Sphinx Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of Nebraska; Trans. Nebraska Acad. Sci. 24 (1997) 89–141.Search in Google Scholar

97. Morgan, A.C.: Methods of Controlling Tobacco Insects; U.S. Bureau of Entomology, Circular No. 123, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1910.10.5962/bhl.title.63369Search in Google Scholar

98. Svec, H.J.: Laboratory Rearing of the Tomato Hornworm, Protoparce quinquemaculata (Haworth); Can. J. Zool. 42 (1964) 717. DOI: 10.1139/z64-06510.1139/z64-065Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

99. Banham, F.L.: Notes on Diapause in the Tomato Hornworm (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), in British Columbia; J. Entomol. Soc. British Columbia 67 (1970) 16–17.Search in Google Scholar

100. Madden, A.H. and F.S. Chamberlin: Biological Studies of the Tomato Worm on Tobacco in Florida, 1936 and 1937; J. Econ. Entomol. 31 (1938) 703–706. DOI: 10.1093/jee/31.6.70310.1093/jee/31.6.703Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

101. Sasaki, M. and L.M. Riddiford: Regulation of Reproductive Behaviour and Egg Maturation in the Tobacco Hawk Moth, Manduca sexta; Physiol. Entomol. 9 (1984) 315–327. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00713.x10.1111/j.1365-3032.1984.tb00713.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

102. Starratt, A.N., K.H. Dahm, N. Allen, J.G. Hildebrand, T.L. Payne, and H. Röller: Bombykal, a Sex Pheromone of the Sphinx Moth Manduca sexta; Z. Naturforsch. C 34 (1979) 9–12. DOI: 10.1515/znc-1979-1-20610.1515/znc-1979-1-206Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

103. Tumlinson, J.H., M.M. Brennan, R.E. Doolittle, E.R. Mitchell, A. Brabham, B.E. Mazomenos, A.H. Baumhover, and D.M. Jackson: Identification of a Pheromone Blend Attractive to Manduca sexta (L.) Males in a Wind Tunnel; Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 10 (1989) 255–271. DOI: 10.1002/arch.94010040210.1002/arch.940100402Search in Google Scholar

104. Kalinová, B., M. Hoskovec, I. Liblikas, C.R. Unelius, and B.S. Hansson: Detection of Sex Pheromone Components in Manduca sexta (L.); Chem. Senses 26 (2001) 1175–1186. DOI: 10.1093/chemse/26.9.117510.1093/chemse/26.9.117511705803Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

105. Stehr, F.W.: Immature Insects, Volumes 1–2, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA, USA, 1987.Search in Google Scholar

106. Reinecke, J.P., J.S. Buckner, and S.R. Grugel: Life Cycle of Labratory-Reared Tobacco Hornworms, Manduca Exta, a Study of Development and Behavior, Using Time-Lapse Cinematography; Biol. Bull. 158 (1980) 129–140. DOI: 10.2307/154076410.2307/1540764Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

107. Semtner, P.J.: Tobacco Insect Management; in: 2012 Flue-Cured Tobacco Production Guide, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, VA, USA, 2012, pp. 75–102, available at: https://pubs.ext.vt. edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/AREC/AREC-14/AREC-14-pdf.pdf. (Accessed September 2018)Search in Google Scholar

108. Snow, J.W., D.G. Haile, A.H. Baumhover, W.W. Cantelo, J.L. Goodenough, J.M. Stanley, and T.J. Henneberry: Control of the Tobacco Hornworm on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, by the Sterile Male Technique; Agricultural Research Service, Publication No. S-98, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1976.Search in Google Scholar

109. White, G.F.: Hornworm Septicemia; J. Agric. Res. 26 (1923) 477–486.Search in Google Scholar

110. Rabb, R.L.: Biology of Conoderus vespertinus in the Piedmont Section of North Carolina (Coleoptera: Elateridae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 56 (1963) 669–676. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/56.5.66910.1093/aesa/56.5.669Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

111. Zitani, N.M. and S.R. Shaw: From Meteors to Death Stars: Variations on a Silk Thread (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae); Am. Entomol. 48 (2002) 228–235. DOI: 10.1093/ae/48.4.22810.1093/ae/48.4.228Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

112. Puttler, B.: Biology of Hyposoter exiguae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), A Parasite of Lepidopterous Larvae; Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 54 (1961) 25–30. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/54.1.2510.1093/aesa/54.1.25Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

113. Blanco, C.A., A.P. Terán-Vargas, J.D. López, J.V. Kauffman, and X. Wei: Densities of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Three Plant Hosts; Fla. Entomol. 90 (2007) 742–750.10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[742:DOHVAH]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

114. Begemann, G.J. and A.S. Schoeman: The Phenology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Tortrix capensana (Walker) and Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Citrus at Zebediela, South Africa; Afr. Entomol. 7 (1999) 131–148.Search in Google Scholar

115. Neunzig, H.H.: The Eggs and Early-Instar Larvae of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 57 (1964) 98–102. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/57.1.9810.1093/aesa/57.1.98Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

116. Tay, W.T., M.F. Soria, T. Walsh, D. Thomazoni, P. Silvie, G.T. Behere, C. Anderson, and S. Downes: A Brave New World for An Old World Pest: Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil; PLoS ONE 8 (2013) e80134. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.008013410.1371/journal.pone.0080134383244524260345Search in Google Scholar

117. Murúa, M.G., F.S. Scalora, F.R. Navarro, L.E. Cazado, A. Casmuz, M.E. Villagrán, E. Lobos, and G. Gastaminza: First Record of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Argentina; Fla. Entomol. 97 (2014) 854–856. DOI: 10.1653/024.097.027910.1653/024.097.0279Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

118. Hardwick, D.F.: The Corn Earworm Complex; Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 97 (1965) 5–247. DOI: 10.4039/entm9740fv10.4039/entm9740fvOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

119. Hardwick, D.F.: A Generic Revision of the North American Heliothidinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 102 (1970) 5–59. DOI: 10.4039/entm10273fv10.4039/entm10273fvOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

120. Common, I.F.B.: A New Australian Species of Heliothis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); J. Aust. Ent. Soc. 24 (1985) 129–133. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.1985.tb00208.x10.1111/j.1440-6055.1985.tb00208.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

121. Tood, E.L.: The Distribution and Nomenclature of the Corn Earworm; J. Econ. Entomol. 48 (1955) 600–603. DOI: 10.1093/jee/48.5.60010.1093/jee/48.5.600Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

122. Pearson, E.O.: Insect Pests of Cotton in Tropical Africa; Empire Cotton Growing Corporation and Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, UK, 1958.Search in Google Scholar

123. Forbes, W.T.M.: Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States. Part III. Noctuidae; Agric. Exp. Station Mem. 329, Cornell University, ???,1954.Search in Google Scholar

124. Kirkpatrick, T.H.: Comparative Morphological Studies of Heliothis Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Queensland; Queensland J. Agric. Sci. 18 (1961) 179–194.Search in Google Scholar

125. Singh, S.P.: The Proper Name of the Corn Earworm, Heliothis armigera Huebner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae); Entomol. Rev. 50 (1971) 93–94.Search in Google Scholar

126. Sarwar, Z.M., M. Razaq, S.A. Shad, W. Jaleel, S.A.H. Rizvi, and M.F. Khalid: Taxonomic Studies of Genus Helicoverpa Hardwick with New Record of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan; J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 5 (2017) 565–567.Search in Google Scholar

127. Liu, Z., Y. Xin, Y. Zhang, J. Fan, and J. Sun: Summer Diapause Induced by High Temperatures in the Oriental Tobacco Budworm: Ecological Adaptation to Hot Summers; Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 27443. DOI: 10.1038/srep2744310.1038/srep27443489521627271223Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

128. Li, H., H. Zhang, R. Guan, and X. Miao: Identification of Differential Expression Genes Associated with Host Selection and Adaptation Between Two Sibling Insect Species by Transcriptional Profile Analysis; BMC Genomics 14 (2013) 582. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-58210.1186/1471-2164-14-582376573423984865Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

129. Ranjith, M.T.: Identification of Larval Morphotypes of Helicoverpa Armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) and Their Characterization Using Molecular Markers; Dissertation, College of Horticulture, Vellanikara, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

130. Amate, J., P. Barranco, and T. Cabello: Identificación de Larvas de las Principales Especies de Noctuidos Plaga de España (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Bol. San. Veg. Plagas 24 (1998) 101–106.Search in Google Scholar

131. Li, Q., M. Li, D. Li, W. Shi, J. Li, T. Ning, and Y. Duan: Identification of the Larvae of Helicoverpa assulta and H. Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Through Morphological Difference and DNA Barcoding; 3rd International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, 2016, pp. 306–309. DOI: 10.12783/dtmse/smne2016/1060910.12783/dtmse/smne2016/10609Search in Google Scholar

132. Allen, N. and F. Lawson: The Tobacco Budworm ... How to Control It; Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2174, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1962.Search in Google Scholar

133. Morgan, A.C. and F.S. Chamberlin: The Tobacco Budworm and its Control in the Georgia and Florida Tobacco-Growing Region; Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1531, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1927.Search in Google Scholar

134. Hackett, D.S. and A.G. Gatehouse: Diapause in Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and H. fletcheri (Hardwick) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Sudan Gezira; Bull. Entomol. Res. 72 (1982) 409–422. DOI: 10.1017/S000748530001358410.1017/S0007485300013584Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

135. Patel, R.S., K.A. Patel, K.S. Patil, and N.R. Toke: Biology of Helicoverpa armigera Hub. on Rose in Laboratory Condition; Pest Manage. Hortic. Ecosyst. 17 (2011) 144–148.Search in Google Scholar

136. Nakazawa, K., Y. Kimura, and A. Hosoda: Lepidopterous Pests Control in Peppers with Special Reference to the Biology of the Oriental Tobacco Budworm, Helicoverpa assulta assulta (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Hiroshima Agric. Exp. Station Bull. 30 (1971) 53–76.Search in Google Scholar

137. Nandihalli, B.S. and J.H. Lee: Effect of Host Food Plants on the Biology of the Host, Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée), and its Parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida; Adv. Agric. Res. India 3 (1995) 22–32.Search in Google Scholar

138. Wang, K.-Y., Y. Zhang, H.-Y. Wang, X.-M. Xia, and T.-X. Liu: Biology and Life Table Studies of the Oriental Tobacco Budworm, Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Influenced by Different Larval Diets; Insect Sci. 15 (2008) 569–576. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00247.x10.1111/j.1744-7917.2008.00247.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

139. Brazzel, J.R., L.D. Newsom, J.S. Roussel, C. Lincoln, R.J. Williams, and G. Barnes: Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm as Cotton Pests in Louisiana and Arkansas; LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports. 51, Bulletin No. 482, Louisiana Tech, USA, 1953, available at: http://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/agexp/51. (Accessed September 2018)Search in Google Scholar

140. Lincoln, C., J.R. Phillips, W.H. Whitcomb, G.C. Dowell, W.P. Boyer, K.O. Bell Jr, G.L. Dean, E.J. Matthews, J.B. Graves, L.D. Newsom, D.F. Clover, J.R. Bradley, Jr, and J.L. Bagent: The Bollworm-Tobacco Budworm Problem in Arkansas and Louisiana; Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 720, Louisiana Tech, USA, 1967.Search in Google Scholar

141. Neunzig, H.H.: Biology of the Tobacco Budworm and the Corn Earworm in North Carolina: With Particular Reference to Tobacco as a Host; North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Tech. Bull. 196, Raleigh, NC, USA, 1969.Search in Google Scholar

142. Fye, R.E. and W.C. McAda: Laboratory Studies on the Development, Longevity, and Fecundity of Six Lepidopterous Pests of Cotton in Arizona; Technical Bulletin No. 1454, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1972.Search in Google Scholar

143. Butler, G.D. Jr and A.G. Hamilton: Development Time of Heliothis virescens in Relation to Constant Temperature; Environ. Entomol. 5 (1976) 759–760. DOI: 10.1093/ee/5.4.75910.1093/ee/5.4.759Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

144. Tollefson, M.S.: Biology of the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) on Irrigated Cotton in Arizona [Master’s Thesis]; University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA, 1979.Search in Google Scholar

145. Ming, Q.-L., Y.-H. Yan, and C.-Z. Wang: Mechanisms of Premating Isolation Between Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); J. Insect Physiol. 53 (2007) 170–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.11.00710.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.11.00717240394Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

146. Klun, J.A., B.A. Bierl-Leonhardt, J.R. Plimmer, A.N. Sparks, M. Primiani, O.L. Chapman, G. Lepone, and G.H. Lee: Sex Pheromone Chemistry of the Female Tobacco Budworm Moth, Heliothis virescens; J. Chem. Ecol. 6 (1980) 177–183. DOI: 10.1007/BF0098753610.1007/BF00987536Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

147. Tumlinson, J.H., D.E. Hendricks, E.R. Mitchell, R.E. Doolittle, and M.M. Brennan: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of the Tobacco Budworm; J. Chem. Ecol. 1 (1975) 203–214. DOI: 10.1007/bf0098786910.1007/bf00987869Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

148. Almaas, T.J. and H. Mustaparta: Pheromone Reception in Tobacco Budworm Moth, Heliothis virescens; J. Chem. Ecol. 16 (1990) 1331–1347. DOI: 10.1007/bf0102103010.1007/bf0102103024263731Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

149. Jacobson, M., V.E. Adler, and A.H. Baumhover: A Male Tobacco Budworm Pheromone Inhibitory to Courtship; J. Environ. Sci. Health A: Environ. Sci. Engin. 19 (1984) 469–476. DOI: 10.1080/1093452840937517210.1080/10934528409375172Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

150. Phillips, J.R.: Current Research Aimed at Speeding up Identifying a Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Infestation; Agri-Fieldman and Consultant 34 (1978) 24.Search in Google Scholar

151. Peterson, A.: Larvae of Insects, Part 1; Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 1948.Search in Google Scholar

152. Neunzig, H.H.: The Pupae of Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 53 (1960) 551–552. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/53.4.55110.1093/aesa/53.4.551Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

153. Phillips, J.R. and L.D. Newsom: Diapause in Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59 (1966) 154–159. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/59.1.15410.1093/aesa/59.1.154Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

154. Nel, J.J.C.: The Seasonal History of Heliothis armigera (Hub.) on Lupins in the South Western Cape Province; S. Afric. J. Agric. Sci. 4 (1961) 575–588.Search in Google Scholar

155. Juba, T.R., J.R. Bradley Jr, A. Notz, P.S. Southern, and C.E. Sorenson: Effect of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Infestation Level on Budworm-Resistant and -Susceptible Varieties of Flue-Cured Tobacco in North Carolina; J. Econ. Entomol. 100 (2007) 801–807. DOI: 10.1093/jee/100.3.80110.1093/jee/100.3.801Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

156. Romeis, J. and T.G. Shanower: Arthropod Natural Enemies of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India; Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 6 (1996) 481–508. DOI: 10.1080/0958315963113610.1080/09583159631136Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

157. Kogan, M., C.G. Helm, J. Kogan, and E. Brewer: Distribution and Economic Importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central and South America Including a Listing and Assessment of the Importance of Their Natural Enemies; in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the Effectiveness of Natural Enemies, edited by E.G. King, and R.D. Jackson, Far Eastern Regional Research Office, United States Department of Agriculture, New Delhi, India, 1989, pp. 241–297.Search in Google Scholar

158. Watson, T.F., R.T. Gudauskas, and T.D. Canerday.: Parasites, Pathogens and Predators of Some Lepidopterous Pests in Alabama; Agricultural Experiment Station, Zoology-Entomology Department Series 1, 1–3, Auburn, AL, USA, 1966.Search in Google Scholar

159. Roach, S.H.: Heliothis spp. and Their Parasites and Diseases on Crops in the Pee Dee Region of South Carolina, 1971–73; Agricultural Research Services Publication, ARS-S-111, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1976.Search in Google Scholar

160. King, E.G., J.E. Powell, and J.W. Smith.: Prospects for Utilization of Parasites and Predators for Management of Heliothis spp.; in: Proc. Int. Workshop on Heliothis Management, edited by W. Reed and V. Kumble, ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India, 15–20 November 1981, 1982, pp.103–122.Search in Google Scholar

161. Tillman, P.G., E.L. Styer, and J.J. Hamm: Transmission of Ascovirus from Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Three Parasitoids and Effects of Virus on Survival of Parasitoid Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Environ. Entomol. 33 (2004) 633–643. DOI: 10.1603/0046-225X-33.3.63310.1603/0046-225X-33.3.633Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

162. Elzen, G.W., S.H. Martin, B.R. Leonard, and J.B. Graves: Inheritance, Stability, and Reversion of Insecticide Resistance in Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Field Populations; J. Econ. Entomol. 87 (1994) 551–558. DOI: 10.1093/jee/87.3.55110.1093/jee/87.3.551Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

163. Orlova-Bienkowskaja, M.J.: First Record of the Tobacco Flea Beetle Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae] in Russia; EPPO Bulletin 44 (2014) 44–46. DOI: 10.1111/epp.1209210.1111/epp.12092Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

164. Metcalf, Z.P. and G.W. Underhill: The Tobacco Flea Beetle; Bulletin No. 239, North Carolina Agricultural Experimentation Station, 1919.Search in Google Scholar

165. Deczynski, A.M.: Morphological Systematics of the Nightshade Flea Beetles Epitrix foudras and Acallepitrix bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) in America North of Mexico [Master’s Thesis]; Department of Entomology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA, 2016.10.1603/ICE.2016.113057Search in Google Scholar

166. Jewett, H.H.: The Tobacco Flea Beetle; Bulletin No. 266, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, KY, USA, 1926, pp. 51–66.Search in Google Scholar

167. Gui, H.L.: Potato Flea Beetles and Their Control; Bulletin 595, Ohio Agricultural Experimental Station, Wooster, OH, USA, 1938.Search in Google Scholar

168. Dominick, C.B.: The Biology of the Tobacco Flea Beetle, Epitrix parvula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Virginia [Master’s Thesis]; Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA, 1939.10.1093/jee/32.4.495Search in Google Scholar

169. Chamberlin, F.S., J.N. Tenhet, and A.G. Böving: Life-History Studies of the Tobacco Flea-Beetle in the Southern Cigar-Wrapper District; J. Agric. Res. 29 (1924) 575–584.Search in Google Scholar

170. Zilkowski, B.W., R.J. Bartelt, and K. Vermillion: Analysis of 2,4,6-Nonatrienal Geometrical Isomers From Male Flea Beetles, Epitrix hirtipennis and E. fuscula; J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 (2008) 4982–4986. DOI: 10.1021/jf800527310.1021/jf8005273Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

171. Semtner, P.L.: Effect of Early-Season Infestations of the Tobacco Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the Growth and Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco; J. Econ. Entomol. 77 (1984) 98–102. DOI: 10.1093/jee/77.1.9810.1093/jee/77.1.98Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

172. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF): Tobacco Production Guideline; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

173. Duke, M.E. and E.P. Lampert: Sampling Procedures for Tobacco Flea Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Flue-Cured Tobacco; J. Econ. Entomol. 80 (1987) 81–85. DOI: 10.1093/jee/80.1.8110.1093/jee/80.1.81Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

174. Chittenden, F.H.: The Tobacco Flea Beetle; Bureau of Entomology (New Series) No. 19, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC, USA, 1899, pp. 85–90.Search in Google Scholar

175. Elsey, K.D. and J.M. Pitts: Parasitism of the Tobacco Flea Beetle by a Sphaerulariid Nematode Howardula sp.; Environ. Entomol. 5 (1976) 707–711. DOI: 10.1093/ee/5.4.70710.1093/ee/5.4.707Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

176. Bunn, B., D. Alston, and M. Murray: Flea Beetles on Vegetables (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); Utah Pests Fact Sheet, Utah State University Extension Publication ENT-174-15, Logan, UT, USA, 2015; available at: https://utahpests.usu.edu/uppdl/files-ou/factsheet/flea-beetles.pdf. (Accessed June 12, 2018).Search in Google Scholar

177. Watson, J.R.: Synopsis and Catalog of the Thysanoptera of North America, with a Translation of Karny’s Keys to the Genera of Thysanoptera and a Bibliography of Recent Publications; Technical Bulletin No. 168, University of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, FL, USA, 1923.Search in Google Scholar

178. Chamberlin, J.R., J.W. Todd, R.J. Beshear, A.K. Culbreath, and J.W. Demski: Overwintering Hosts and Wingform of Thrips, Frankliniella spp., in Georgia (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Implications for Management of Spotted Wilt Disease; Environ. Entomol. 21 (1992) 121–128. DOI: 10.1093/ee/21.1.12110.1093/ee/21.1.121Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

179. Hinds, W.E.: A New Tobacco Thrips; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18 (1905) 197–200.Search in Google Scholar

180. Eddy, C.O. and E.M. Livingstone: Frankliniella fusca Hinds (Thrips) on Seedling Cotton; Technical Bulletin No. 271, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, SC, USA, 1931.Search in Google Scholar

181. Newsom, L.D., J.S. Roussel, and C.E. Smith: The Tobacco Thrips: Its Seasonal History and Status as a Cotton Pest; Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin 474, 1953.Search in Google Scholar

182. Bryan, D.E. and R.F. Smith: The Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Complex in California (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); University of California Publications in Entomology 10 (1956) 350–410.Search in Google Scholar

183. Dimitrov, A. and V. Velickova: Host Plants of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in Bulgaria; Tobacco 53 (2003) 213–216.Search in Google Scholar

184. Yudin, L.S., J.J. Cho, and W.C. Mitchell: Host Range of Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with Special Reference to Leucaena glauca; Environ. Entomol. 15 (1986) 1292–1295. DOI: 10.1093/ee/15.6.129210.1093/ee/15.6.1292Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

185. Mound, L.A. and G. Kibby: Thysanoptera: An Identification Guide; CAB International, Oxon, NY, USA, 1998.10.1079/9780851992112.0000Search in Google Scholar

186. Mound, L.A. and D.C. Morris: The Insect Order Thysanoptera: Classification Versus Systematics; Zootaxa 1668 (2007) 395–411.10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.21Search in Google Scholar

187. Mound, L.A.: Order Thysanoptera Haliday, 1836; Zootaxa 3148 (2011) 201–202.10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.38Search in Google Scholar

188. Reitz Stuart, R., Y.-l. Gao, and Z.-r. Lei: Thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States; Agric. Sci. China 10 (2011) 867–892. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60073-410.1016/S1671-2927(11)60073-4Search in Google Scholar

189. Masumoto, M.: Key to Genera of the Subfamily Thripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Associated with Japanese Plant Quarantine; Res. Bull. Plant Prot. Japan 46 (2010) 25–59.Search in Google Scholar

190. Mound, L.A. and Y.F. Ng: An Illustrated Key to the Genera of Thripinae (Thysanoptera) from South East Asia; Zootaxa 2265 (2009) 27–47.10.11646/zootaxa.2265.1.2Search in Google Scholar

191. Mirab-balou, M., K. Minaei, and X.-X. Chen: An Illustrated Key to the Genera of Thripinae (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) from Iran; ZooKeys 317 (2013) 27–52. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.317.544710.3897/zookeys.317.5447374413723950669Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

192. Sakimura, K. and K. O’Neill: Frankliniella: Redefinition of Genus and Revision of Minuta Group Species: (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); Technical Bulletin No. 1572, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1979.Search in Google Scholar

193. Wang, C.-L., F.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Chiu, and H.-T. Shih: Species of Frankliniella Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from the Asian-Pacific Area; Zoological Studies 49 (2010) 824–838.Search in Google Scholar

194. Mound, L., S. Nakahara, and D.M. Tsuda: Thysanoptera-Terebrantia of the Hawaiian Islands: An Identification Manual; ZooKeys 549 (2016) 71–126. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.549.688910.3897/zookeys.549.6889472748326843832Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

195. Hoddle, M.S., L.A. Mound, and D.L. Paris: Thrips of California; CBIT Publishing. Queensland, available at: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/thrips_of_california/authors/authors.html (accessed September 2018).Search in Google Scholar

196. Nakao, S., C. Chikamori, S. Okajima, Y. Narai, and T. Murai: A New Record of the Tobacco Thrips Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Japan; Appl. Entomol. Zool. 46 (2011) 131–134. DOI: 10.1007/s13355-010-0020-z10.1007/s13355-010-0020-zOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

197. Johansen, R.M.: The Mexican Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), F. pallida (Uzel) and F. schultzei (Trybom) Species Assemblages, in the “Intonsa group” (Insecta, Thysanoptera: Thripidae); Acta Zool. Mexi. 85 (2002) 51–82.10.21829/azm.2002.85851813Search in Google Scholar

198. Hinds, W.E.: Contribution to a Monograph of the Insects of the Order Thysanoptera Inhabiting North America; Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 26 (1902) 79–242.10.5479/si.00963801.26-1310.79Search in Google Scholar

199. Hooker, W.A.: Tobacco Thrips - A New and Destructive Enemy of Shade-Grown Tobacco; Bulletin No. 65, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC, USA, 1907.10.5962/bhl.title.65092Search in Google Scholar

200. Pergande, T.: Observation on Certain Thripidae; Insect Life, Washington. 7 (1895) 390–391.Search in Google Scholar

201. Kirk, W.D.J. and L.I. Terry: The Spread of the Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); Agric. For. Entomol. 5 (2003) 301–310. DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.x10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00192.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

202. Cluever, J.D., H.A. Smith, J.E. Funderburk, and G. Frantz: Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis [Pergande]); Series ENY-883, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, 2015.10.32473/edis-in1089-2015Search in Google Scholar

203. Watts, J.G.: A Study of the Biology of the Flower Thrips Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) with Special Reference to Cotton, Bulletin No. 306, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, 1936.Search in Google Scholar

204. Wilson, L.T., P.J. Trichilo, and D. Gonzales: Natural Enemies of Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Cotton: Density Regulation or Casual Association?; Environ. Entomol. 20 (1991) 849–856. DOI: 10.1093/ee/20.3.84910.1093/ee/20.3.849Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

205. Borden, A.D.: The Mouthparts of the Thysanoptera and the Relation of Thrips to the Non-Setting of Certain Fruits and Seeds; J. Econ. Entomol. 8 (1915) 354–360. DOI: 10.1093/jee/8.3.35410.1093/jee/8.3.354Search in Google Scholar

206. Peterson, A.: Morphological Studies on the Head and Mouth-Parts of the Thysanoptera; Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 8 (1915) 20–66. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/8.1.2010.1093/aesa/8.1.20Search in Google Scholar

207. Gaines, J.C.: A Preliminary Study of Thrips on Seedling Cotton with Special Reference to the Population, Migration, and Injury; J. Econ. Entomol. 27 (1934) 740–743. DOI: 10.1093/jee/27.4.74010.1093/jee/27.4.740Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

208. Forrester, N.W. and A.G.L. Wilson: Insect Pests of Cotton, Agfact P5.AE. 1, New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Australia, 1988.Search in Google Scholar

209. Lacroix, D.S.: Insect Pests of Growing Tobacco in Connecticut; Bulletin No. 379, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA, 1935, pp. 88–130.Search in Google Scholar

210. Dublon, I.A.N.: The Aggregation Pheromone of the Western Flower Thrips [Dissertation]; Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

211. Sherwood, J.L., T.L. German, J.W. Moyer, and D.E. Ullman: Tomato Spotted Wilt; The Plant Health Instructor (2003). DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2003-0613-0210.1094/PHI-I-2003-0613-02Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

212. Coutinho, T.A. and S.N. Venter: Pantoea ananatis: An Unconventional Plant Pathogen; Mol. Plant Pathol. 10 (2009) 325–335. DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00542.x10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00542.xSearch in Google Scholar

213. Bryan, D.E.: The Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande Complex in California (Thysanotera: Thripidae) [Dissertation]; University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA, 1952.Search in Google Scholar

214. Reitz, S.R.: Comparative Bionomics of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella tritici; Fla. Entomol. 91 (2008) 474–476. DOI: 10.1653/0015-4040(2008) 91[474:CBOFOA]2.0.CO;210.1653/0015-4040(2008)91[474:CBOFOA]2.0.CO;2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

215. Reitz, S.R.: Biology and Ecology of the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): The Making of a Pest; Fla. Entomol. 92 (2009) 7–13. DOI: 10.1653/024.092.010210.1653/024.092.0102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

216. Stannard, L.J.: The Thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois; Illinois Natural History Survey, Bulletin 29 (1968) 215–552.10.21900/j.inhs.v29.166Search in Google Scholar

217. Pfrimmer, T.R.: Biology and Control of Thrips Attacking Cotton in the Vicinity of College Station, Texas [Dissertation]; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 1953.Search in Google Scholar

218. Ogol, C.K.: Studies of the Biology of the Legume Bud Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybon) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its Resistance by Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) [Master’s Thesis]; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 1988.Search in Google Scholar

219. Chang, N.T.: Impacts of Soil Physical Factors on the Pupation of Bean Flower Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagtall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); Plant Prot. Bull. (Taiwan) 31 (1989) 377–386.Search in Google Scholar

220. Lowry, V.K., J.J.W. Smith Jr, and F.L. Mitchell: Life-Fertility Tables for Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) and F. occidentals (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Peanut; Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am 85 (1992) 744–754. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/85.6.74410.1093/aesa/85.6.744Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

221. Joost, P.H. and D.G. Riley: Sampling Techniques for Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Preflowering Tomato; J. Econ. Entomol. 97 (2004) 1450–1454. DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.4.145010.1603/0022-0493-97.4.1450Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

222. Wilkinson, W.C., L.R. Fisher, W.D. Smith, and D.L. Jordan: Effects of Stand Loss, Planting Date, and Replanting Method on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco; Tobacco Science 47 (2008) 44–52. DOI: 10.3381/1965.110.3381/1965.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

223. McPherson, R.M., D.C. Jones, P.F. Bertrand, and A.S. Csinos: Impact of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Management Practices on Suppression of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco; J. Entomol. Sci. 57 (2002) 143–153. DOI: 10.18474/0749-8004-37.2.14310.18474/0749-8004-37.2.143Search in Google Scholar

224. Potter, D.A. and D.W. Held: Biology and Management of the Japanese Beetle; Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47 (2002) 175–205. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.14515310.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145153Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

225. Vittum, P.J., M.G. Villani, and H. Tashiro: Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada; Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaka, NY, USA, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8014-3508-9Search in Google Scholar

226. Fleming, W.E.: Biology of the Japanese Beetle; Technical Bulletin No. 1449, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1972.Search in Google Scholar

227. Sarkar, S.K., S. Saha, and D. Raychaudhuri: Taxonomic Account of Popillia Dejean, 1821 (Rutelinae: Scarabaeidae) of Buxa Tiger Reserve (A Forest Under Biodiversity Hot Spot Zone), Dooars, West Bengal, India; J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 4 (2016) 581–585.Search in Google Scholar

228. Davis, J.J.: The Green Japanese Beetle; Department of Agriculture Circular No. 30, State of New Jersey, Department of Agriculture, 1920.Search in Google Scholar

229. Hawley, I.: Notes on the Biology of the Japanese Beetle, Publication E-615, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 1944.Search in Google Scholar

230. Régnière, J., R.L. Rabb, and R.E. Stinner: Popillia Japonica: Seasonal History and Associated Scarabaeidae in Eastern North Carolina; Environ. Entomol. 10 (1981) 297–300. DOI: 10.1093/ee/10.3.29710.1093/ee/10.3.297Search in Google Scholar

231. Vittum, P.J.: Biology of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Eastern Massachusetts; J. Econ. Entomol. 79 (1986) 387–391. DOI: 10.1093/jee/79.2.38710.1093/jee/79.2.387Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

232. Goonewardene, H.F. and D.B. Zepp: Rearing the Immature Feeding Stages of the Japanese Beetle in Pans; J. Econ. Entomol. 63 (1970) 859–860. DOI: 10.1093/jee/63.3.85910.1093/jee/63.3.859Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

233. Sim, R.J.: Characters Useful in Distinguishing Larvae of Popillia japonica and Other Introduced Scarabaeidae From Native Species; Circular No. 334, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1934.10.5962/bhl.title.64092Search in Google Scholar

234. Rodríguez, R.L., M.G. Burger, J.E. Wojcinski, and J.T. Kilmer: Vibrational Signals and Mating Behavior of Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 108 (2015) 986–992. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/sav09110.1093/aesa/sav091Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

235. Barrows, E.M. and G. Gordh: Sexual Behavior in the Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica, and Comparative Notes on Sexual Behavior of Other Scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); Behav. Biol. 23 (1978) 341–354. DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6773(78)91365-210.1016/S0091-6773(78)91365-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

236. Ishida, Y. and W.S. Leal: Chiral Discrimination of the Japanese Beetle Sex Pheromone and a Behavioral Antagonist by a Pheromone-Degrading Enzyme; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 9076–9080. DOI: 10.1073 pnas.080261010510.1073/pnas.0802610105Search in Google Scholar

237. Kim, J.Y. and W.S. Leal: Ultrastructure of Pheromone-Detecting Sensillum Placodeum of the Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica Newmann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); Arthropod Struct. Dev. 29 (2000) 121–128. DOI: 10.1016/S1467-8039(00)00022-010.1016/S1467-8039(00)00022-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

238. Smith, L.B.: Larval Food Habits of the Japanese Beetle (Popillia Japonica Newm.); J. Econ. Entomol. 15 (1922) 305–310. DOI: 10.1093/jee/15.4.30510.1093/jee/15.4.305Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

239. Hawley, I.M. and F.W. Metzger: Feeding Habits of the Adult Japanese Beetle, Circular No. 547, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1940.Search in Google Scholar

240. Manley, D.G.: Managing the Japanese Beetle on Tobacco in South Carolina; J.Agric. Entomol. 2 (1985) 398–399.Search in Google Scholar

241. Fleming, W.E.: Biological Control of the Japanese Beetle; Technical Bulletin 1383, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1968.Search in Google Scholar

242. Cappaert, D.L. and D.R. Smitley: Parasitoids and Pathogens of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Southern Michigan; Environ. Entomol. 31 (2002) 573–580. DOI: 10.1603/0046-225X-31.3.57310.1603/0046-225X-31.3.573Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

243. Hanula, J.L., T.G. Andreadis, and M. Blackwell: Entoderma colletosporium gen. and sp. nov., a Unique Cuticular Fungus Infecting Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); J. Invertebrate Pathology 58 (1991) 327–334. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90177-R10.1016/0022-2011(91)90177-Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

244. Petty, B.M., D.T. Johnson, and D.C. Steinkraus: Ovavesicula popilliae (Microsporidia: Ovavesiculidae) Spore Production in Naturally Infected Adult Japanese Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); J. Invertebrate Pathol. 111 (2012) 255–256. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.01210.1016/j.jip.2012.08.01222981994Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

245. Hays, J., R.E. Clopton, D.L. Cappaert, and D.R. Smitley: Revision of the Genus Stictospora and Description of Stictospora villani, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida: Actinocephalidae) From Larvae of the Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Michigan; J. Parasitol. 90 (2004) 1450–1456. DOI: 10.1645/GE-345R10.1645/GE-345Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

246. Dogger, J.R.: The Elateridae of Wisconsin; Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 48 (1959) 103–120.Search in Google Scholar

247. Stibick, J.N.L.: Classification of the Elateridae (Coleoptera). Relationships and Classification of the Subfamilies and Tribes; Pacific Insects 20 (1979) 145–186.Search in Google Scholar

248. Van Dyke, E.C.: Miscellaneous Studies in the Elateridae and Related Families of Coleoptera; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 20 (1932) 291–465. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2428710.5962/bhl.part.24287Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

249. Chamberlin, F.S. and A.H. Madden: Insect Pests of Cigar-Type Tobaccos in the Southern Districts; Circular No. 639, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1942.10.5962/bhl.title.64277Search in Google Scholar

250. Creighton, C.S., W.S. Kinard, and N. Allen: The Southern Potato Wireworm, a New Pest of Tobacco; J. Econ. Entomol. 56 (1963) 292–294. DOI: 10.1093/jee/56.3.29210.1093/jee/56.3.292Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

251. Day, A., F.P. Cuthbert Jr, and W.J. Reid Jr: The Southern Potato Wireworm. Its Biology and Economic Importance in Coastal South Carolina; South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin No. 1443, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1971.Search in Google Scholar

252. Norris, D.M., Jr: Bionomics of the Southern Potato Wireworm, Conoderus falli Lane. 1. Life History in Florida; Proc. Fla. Hortic. Soc. 70 (1957) 109–111.Search in Google Scholar

253. Cockerham, K.L. and O.T. Deen: Notes on Life History, Habits and Distribution of Heteroderes laurentii Guér; J. Econ. Entomol. 29 (1936) 288–296. DOI: 10.1093/jee/29.2.28810.1093/jee/29.2.288Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

254. Stone, M.W. and J. Wilcox: The Gulf Wireworm [Conoderus amplicollis] in California (Coleoptera: Elateridae); Pan-Pacific Entomologist 55 (1979) 235–238.Search in Google Scholar

255. Conradi, A.F. and H.C. Eagerton: The Spotted Click Beetle: (Monocrepidius vespertinus, Fab.), Bulletin No. 179, South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Clemson College, SC, USA, 1914.Search in Google Scholar

256. Turnipseed, S.G.: Some Factors Influencing Oviposition by the Tobacco Wireworm, Conoderus vespertinus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) [Dissertation]; North Carolina State College, Raleigh, NC, USA, 1961.Search in Google Scholar

257. Turnipseed, S.G. and R.L. Rabb: Some Factors Influencing Oviposition by the Tobacco Wireworm, Conoderus vespertinus (Coleoptera: Elateridae); Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 56 (1963) 751–755. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/56.6.75110.1093/aesa/56.6.751Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

258. Edwards, E.E. and J.R. Evans: Observations on the Biology of Corymbites cupreus F. (Coleoptera, Elateridae); Ann. Appl. Biol. 37 (1950) 249–259. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb01043.x10.1111/j.1744-7348.1950.tb01043.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

259. Kuhar, T.P., and J. Speese, III: Scouting for Wireworms Before Planting Vegetables; Virginia Vegetable, Small Fruit and Specialty Crops 1 (2002) 1–2.Search in Google Scholar

260. Cuthbert Jr, F.P., W.J. Reid Jr, and A. Day: The Southern Potato Wireworm; How to Control it on Irish Potatoes; Farmers’ Bulletin, No. 534, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA, 1965.Search in Google Scholar

261. Ward, R.H. and A.J. Keaster: Wireworm Baiting: Use of Solar Energy to Enhance Early Detection of Melanotus depressus, M. verberans, and Aeolus mellillus in Midwest Cornfields; J. Econ. Entomol. 70 (1977) 403–406. DOI: 10.1093/jee/70.4.40310.1093/jee/70.4.403Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

262. Bynum, J.E.D. and T.L. Archer: Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Sampling for Semiarid Cropping Systems; J. Econ. Entomol. 80 (1987) 164–168. DOI: 10.1093/jee/80.1.16410.1093/jee/80.1.164Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

263. Tóth, M.: Pheromones and Attractants of Click Beetles: An Overview; J. Pest Sci. 86 (2013) 3–17. DOI: 10.1007/s10340-012-0429-y10.1007/s10340-012-0429-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

264. Traugott, M., C.M. Benefer, R.P. Blackshaw, W.G. van Herk, and R.S. Vernon: Biology, Ecology, and Control of Elaterid Beetles in Agricultural Land; Annu. Rev. Entomol. 60 (2015) 313–334. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-02103510.1146/annurev-ento-010814-02103525341096Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

265. Garman, H. And H.H. Jewett: The broods of the tobacco worms; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Research Bulletin Number 225, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 1920.Search in Google Scholar

266. Tuttle, D.M.: Thrips of economic importance in Arizona; Progressive Agriculture in Arizona 18 (1966) 10–11.Search in Google Scholar