Open Access

Comparison of Mouth Level Exposure to ‘Tar’ and Nicotine in Smokers of Normal and Superslim King Size Cigarettes in Romania


Cite

1. St Charles, F. K., A. A. Kabbani, and M. F. Borgerding: Estimating ‘tar’ and nicotine exposure: Human smoking versus machine generated smoke yields; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 56 (2010) 100–110.Search in Google Scholar

2. Pauly, J. L., R. J. O'Connor, G. M. Paszkiewicz, K. M. Cummings, M. V. Djordjevic, and P. G. Shields: Cigarette Filter-based Assays as Proxies for Toxicant Exposure and Smoking Behaviour - A Literature Review; J. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 18 (2009) 3321–3333.Search in Google Scholar

3. St Charles, F. K., M. Ashley, C. J. Shepperd, P. Clayton and G. Errington: A Robust Method for Estimating Human Smoked Cigarette Yields from Filter Analysis Data; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 23 (2009) 232–243.Search in Google Scholar

4. Mariner, D. C., M. Ashley, C. J. Shepperd, G. Mullard, and M. Dixon: Mouth level smoke exposure using analysis of filters from smoked cigarettes: A study of eight countries; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. In press, 2010.10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.00620510323Search in Google Scholar

5. Ashley, M., P. Saunders, G. Mullard, K. Prasad, D. Mariner, J. Williamson, and A. Richter: Smoking intensity before and after introduction of the public place smoking ban in Scotland; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. In press, 2010.10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.03.00520347910Search in Google Scholar

6. Côté, F., C. Létourneau, G. Mullard, and R. Voisine: Estimation of nicotine and ‘tar’ yields from human-smoked cigarettes before and after the implementation of the cigarette ignition propensity regulations in Canada; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. In press, 2010.10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.03.00420303374Search in Google Scholar

7. Shepperd, C. J., A. C. Eldridge, D. C. Mariner, M. McEwan, G. Errington, and M. Dixon: A study to estimate and correlate cigarette smoke exposure in smokers in Germany as determined by filter analysis and biomarkers of exposure; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 55 (2009) 97–109.Search in Google Scholar

8. CORESTA recommended method No. 9 - Determination of nicotine in cigarette filters by gas chromato-graphic analysis (2009); available at: http://www.coresta. org/Recommended_Methods/CRM_09-update2. pdf (Accessed July 2011).Search in Google Scholar

9. ISO 3308: Routine analytical cigarette smoking ma-chine - Definition and standard conditions; International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

10. ISO 4387: Cigarettes - Determination of total and nicotine free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine; International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

11. ISO 10362-1: Cigarettes - Determination of water in smoke condensates, Part 1: Gas-chromatographic method; International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

12. ISO 10315: Methods for chemical analysis of tobacco and tobacco products. Determination of nicotine in smoke condensate of cigarettes (gas chromatographic method); International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

13. ISO 8454: Cigarettes - Determination of carbon monox-ide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke – NDIR method; International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

14. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1997. Tobacco disclosure act. General laws of Massachusetts, Chapter 94, Section 307B, 105 CMR 660. 000. Cigarette and smokeless tobacco products: reports of added constituents and nicotine ratings.Search in Google Scholar

15. Canada 2000. Tobacco reporting regulations. T-115/SOR/2000–272; available at: http://www.hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac /legislation /reg/indust/method /_main-principal/nicotine-eng. php (Accessed July 2011).Search in Google Scholar

16. Branton, P. and R. H. Bradley: Activated Carbons for the Adsorption of Vapours from Cigarette Smoke; Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 28 (2010) 3–21.Search in Google Scholar

17. Scherer G., J. Engl, M. Urban, G. Gilch, D. Janket, and K. Riedel: Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 47 (2007) 171–183.Search in Google Scholar

18. Hecht S. S., S. E. Murphy, S. G. Carmella, S. Li, J. Jensen, C. Le, A. M. Joseph, and D. K. Hatsukami: Similar Uptake of Lung Carcinogens by Smokers of Regular, Light and Ultralight Cigarettes; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 14 (2005) 693–698.Search in Google Scholar

19. Mendes P., S. Kapur, J. Wang, S. Feng, and H. Roethig: A randomized controlled exposure study in adult smokers of full flavour Marlboro cigarettes switching to Marlboro Lights or Marlboro Ultra Lights cigarettes; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 51 (2008) 295–305.Search in Google Scholar

20. Federal Trade Commission: Cigarettes: Testing for ‘tar’ and nicotine content; Fed. Regist. 1967, 32, 11178.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1612-9237
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
General Interest, Life Sciences, other, Physics