<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>In recent years, gender inequality has been considered the main characteristic of insufficient gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This paper discusses the evolution of GDP per capita in 21 countries of the European Union between 2015 and 2019. Using panel regression, we investigated the change in GDP per capita through five variables. The analysis results showed that female employment rate is the most statistically significant and positive variable on GDP. Gender Equality Index also appeared to be an essential variable. The second part of our analysis consisted of an explanatory spatial data analysis of all variables to examine the spatial dimension of the variables. To explain spatial econometrics, we used selected methods, namely, choropleth maps, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster analysis, Moran‘s scatter plots, and Moran‘s I statistics. Based on the visualization of choropleth maps, GDP per capita did not change during the observed period, even though the values of the explanatory variables changed. For GDP per capita, the same applies in the case of LISA cluster analysis. At the end of the monitored period, the countries were included in the same cluster as at the beginning. When plotting Moran‘s scatter plot, it was found that GDP per capita did not tend to have positive or negative spatial autocorrelation or no spatial autocorrelation. Moran‘s I statistic showed that GDP per capita values were not randomly dispersed; they were grouped according to a specific formula into clusters.</p>
</abstract>

In recent years, gender inequality has been considered the main characteristic of insufficient gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This paper discusses the evolution of GDP per capita in 21 countries of the European Union between 2015 and 2019. Using panel regression, we investigated the change in GDP per capita through five variables. The analysis results showed that female employment rate is the most statistically significant and positive variable on GDP. Gender Equality Index also appeared to be an essential variable. The second part of our analysis consisted of an explanatory spatial data analysis of all variables to examine the spatial dimension of the variables. To explain spatial econometrics, we used selected methods, namely, choropleth maps, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster analysis, Moran‘s scatter plots, and Moran‘s I statistics. Based on the visualization of choropleth maps, GDP per capita did not change during the observed period, even though the values of the explanatory variables changed. For GDP per capita, the same applies in the case of LISA cluster analysis. At the end of the monitored period, the countries were included in the same cluster as at the beginning. When plotting Moran‘s scatter plot, it was found that GDP per capita did not tend to have positive or negative spatial autocorrelation or no spatial autocorrelation. Moran‘s I statistic showed that GDP per capita values were not randomly dispersed; they were grouped according to a specific formula into clusters.

The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries

Faculty of Economics, Department of Finance

Faculty of Economics, Department of Economics

Central European Journal of Public Policy

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries"}

In recent years, gender inequality has been considered the main characteristic of insufficient gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This paper discusses the...

The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries

Published Online: Oct 14, 2023

Page range: 13 - 32

Received: May 17, 2023

Accepted: Jun 21, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2023-0011

Keywords
Gender inequality, gender policy, spatial econometrics, European Union

© 2023 Simona Juhásová et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Impact of Gender Inequality on GDP in EU Countries

Published Online: Oct 14, 2023

Page range: 13 - 32

Received: May 17, 2023

Accepted: Jun 21, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2023-0011

KeywordsGender inequality, gender policy, spatial econometrics, European Union

© 2023 Simona Juhásová et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Gender inequality, gender policy, spatial econometrics, European Union