Comparison of fatty acids, cholesterol, fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids content of skin and edible tissue of farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

[1]. FAO. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and nutrition for all, Rome 2016.Search in Google Scholar

[2]. FAO-FISHSTAT, FAO Fisheries Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit. FishstatJ, a Tool for Fishery Statistical Analysis, Release 2.0.0. Global Capture Fisheries Production 1950-2010, Global Aquaculture Production 1950-2010, Global Commodities Production and Trade 1978-2009, Rome 2012Search in Google Scholar

[3]. M.C. Beveridge, S.H. Thilsted, M.J Phillips, M. Metian, M. Troell, S.J. Hall, Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor: the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emergingSearch in Google Scholar

from the rise of aquaculture, Journal of Fish Biology 83 (2013) 1067-1084.10.1111/jfb.12187Search in Google Scholar

[4]. N.E. Cruz Casallas, P.E. Cruz Casallas, H.S. Mahecha, (2012) 6799. Characterization of the nutritional quality of the meat in some species of catfish: a review, Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín 65/2 (2012) 6799-6809.Search in Google Scholar

[5]. E. Uzunova and S. Zlatanova, A review of the fish introductions in Bulgarian freshwaters, Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 37 (2007) 55-61.10.3750/AIP2007.37.1.08Search in Google Scholar

[6]. A. Merdzhanova, D.A. Dobreva, M. Stancheva, Quality evaluation of dietary lipid of channel catfish (Ictalurus Puntatus) from Bulgaria, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 21 (2015) 202-207.Search in Google Scholar

[7]. E.G. Bligh, W.J. Dyer, Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37 (1959) 911.10.1139/y59-099Search in Google Scholar

[8]. BDS EN ISO 12966-2:2017. Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters - Part 2: Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids. 37 pp.Search in Google Scholar

[9]. BDS EN ISO 12966-4:2015. Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters - Part 4: Determination by capillary gas chromatography, 30 pp.Search in Google Scholar

[10]. D.A. Dobreva, V. Panayotova, R. Stancheva, M. Stancheva, 112. Simultaneous HPLC determination of fat soluble vitamins, carotenoids and cholesterol in seaweed and mussel tissue, Bulgarian Chemical Communications 49 (2017) 112-117.Search in Google Scholar

[11]. A. Simopoulos, Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and high fructose intake in the development of metabolic syndrome, brain metabolic abnormalities, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Nutrients 5 (2013) 2901-2923.10.3390/nu5082901Search in Google Scholar

[12]. T.L.V. Ulbricht, D.A.T. Southgate, Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors, The Lancet 338 (1991) 985-992.Search in Google Scholar

[13]. J. Santos-Silva, R.J.B. Bessa, F. Santos-Silva, Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs: II. Fatty acid composition of meat, Livestock Production Science 77 (2002) 187-19410.1016/S0301-6226(02)00059-3Search in Google Scholar

[14]. S.L. Connor, J.R. Gustafson, S.M. Artaud-Wild, D.P. Favell, C.J. Classick-Kohn et al. The cholesterol/saturated fat index an indication of the hypercholesterolemic and atherogenic potential of food, Lancet 327 (1986) 1229-1232.10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91384-XSearch in Google Scholar

[15]. P.J. Bechtel, J.M. Bland, K.L. Bett-Garber, C. Grimm, S. Brashear, S. Lloyd, M. Watson, J. Lea, Chemical and nutritional properties of channel and hybrid catfish byproducts, Food Science & Nutrition 5 (2017) 981-988.10.1002/fsn3.483560898028948015Search in Google Scholar

[16]. J. Luczynska, B. Paszczyk, M.J. Luczynski, Fatty acid profiles in marine and freshwater fish from fish markets in northeastern Poland, Archives of Polish Fisheries 22 (2014) 181-18810.2478/aopf-2014-0018Search in Google Scholar

[17]. O.E. Taiwo, K. Usman, T.H. Ogono, R.O. Osoniyi, Proximate and lipid profile analysis of cultured and wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus [Burchell], Ife Journal of Science 16 (2014) 133-142.Search in Google Scholar

[18]. A.S.M.A Habib, P. Sarkar, Extraction and identification of PUFA from African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Skin, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4 (2016) 312-317.Search in Google Scholar

[19]. A. Reboléa,, S. Velascoa, M.L. Rodrígueza, J. Treviñoa, C. Alzuetaa, J.L. Tejedorb, L.T. Ortiza. Nutrient content in the muscle and skin of fillets from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Food Chemistry 174 (2015) 614-621.10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.07225529727Search in Google Scholar

[20]. D.A. Dobreva, A. Merdzhanova, L. Makedonski, Fat soluble nutrients and fatty acids in skin and fillet of farmed rainbow trout, Bulgarian Chemical Communications 49 (2017) 118-123.Search in Google Scholar

[21]. J.K. Cho, Y.G. Jin, S.J. Rha, S.J. Kim, J.H. Hwang, Biochemical characteristics of four marine fish skins in Korea, Food Chemistry 159 (2014) 200-207.10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.01224767045Search in Google Scholar

[22]. R.S. Chapkin, V.A. Ziboh, C.L. Marcelo, J.J. Voorhees, Metabolism of essential fatty acids by human epidermal enzyme preparations: evidence of chain elongation, Journal of Lipid Research 27 (1986) 945-954.10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38771-XSearch in Google Scholar

[23]. K.L. Weaver, P. Ivester, J.A. Chilton, M.D. Wilson, P. Pandey, F.H. Chilton, The content of favorable and unfavorable polyunsaturated fatty acids found in commonly eaten fish., Journal of the American Dietetic Association 108 (2008) 1178-1185.10.1016/j.jada.2008.04.02318589026Search in Google Scholar

[24]. Ordinance №1/22.01.2018 on the physiological feeding of population, Ministry of Health, Bulgaria (in Bulgarian).Search in Google Scholar

[25]. R. Rosa, N.M. Bandarra, M.L. Nunes, Nutritional quality of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822): a positive criterion for the future development of the European production of Siluroidei, International journal of food science and technology 42 (2007) 342- 351.Search in Google Scholar

[26]. G.T. Keleştemur, O.E. Çoban, Effects of The ß-Carotene on the Growth Performance and Skin Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792), Journal of Fisheries Lives Product 4 (2016) 164-169.Search in Google Scholar

[27]. S. Kaçar, M. Başhan, S.A. Oymak, Effect of seasonal variation on lipid and fatty acid profile in muscle tissue of male and female Silurus triostegus, Journal of Food Science and Technology 53 (2016) 2913-2922.10.1007/s13197-016-2253-5505216027765962Search in Google Scholar

[28]. Department of Health. Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease: Health and social subjects, Report No 46 (1994) HMSO, London, 187 pp. 60.Search in Google Scholar

[29]. EFSA Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EFSA Journal 10 (2012) p. 48.10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815Search in Google Scholar

[30]. FAO/INFOODS (2012). FAO/INFOODS Analytical food composition database version 1.0-AnFooD1.0. FAO, Rome http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap796e/ap796e.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

[31]. Commission Regulation (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims.Search in Google Scholar

[32]. D. Raederstorff, A. Wyss, P.C. Calder, P. Weber, M. Eggersdorfer, Vitamin E function and requirements in relation to PUFA, British Journal of Nutrition 114 (2015) 1113-1122.10.1017/S000711451500272X459404726291567Search in Google Scholar