Systematic Review Regarding The Difference In Dental Plaque Accumulation Associated With Fixed Orthodontic Retainers And Vacuum Formed Removable Retainer.

1 Molyneaux C, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. Orthodontic retention and the role of the general dental practitioner. Br Dent J. 202;230(11):753-757. doi: 10.1038/s41415-021-2875-5. Search in Google Scholar

2 Johnston CD, Littlewood SJ. Retention in orthodontics. Br Dent J. 2015;218(3):119-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.47. Search in Google Scholar

3 Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson BE, Saver DM: Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019, pp 579 Search in Google Scholar

4 Newman MG, Laughter L, Essex G, Elangovan S: Newman and Carranza’s clinical periodontology for the dental hygienist. 1st ed. ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2021. p. 67. Search in Google Scholar

5 Reiniger APP, Maier J, Wikesjö UME, Moreira CHC, Kantorski KZ. Correlation between dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in periodontal maintenance patients using short or extended personal oral hygiene intervals. J Clin Periodontol. 202;48(6):834-842. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13448. Search in Google Scholar

6 Reddy S.: Essentials of clinical periodontology and Periodontics. 5th ed ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2018. p. 56. Search in Google Scholar

7 Luther, F., & Nelson-Moon, Z.. Orthodontic retainers and removable appliances: Principles of design and use. Wiley-Blackwell p. 122. Search in Google Scholar

8 Alassiry AM. Orthodontic retainers: A contemporary overview. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2019;20(7):857–62. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2611 Search in Google Scholar

9 Storey M, Forde K, Littlewood SJ, Scott P, Luther F, Kang J. Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: a randomized controlled trial. Part 2: periodontal health outcomes after 12 months. Eur J Orthod. 2018;40(4):399–408 Search in Google Scholar

10 Al-Moghrabi D, Johal A, O’Rourke N, Donos N, Pandis N, Gonzales-Marin C, et al. Effects of fixed vs removable orthodontic retainers on stability and periodontal health: 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;154(2):167-174. Search in Google Scholar

11 Eroglu AK, Baka ZM, Arslan U. Comparative evaluation of salivary microbial levels and periodontal status of patients wearing fixed and removable orthodontic retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;156(2):186–92. Search in Google Scholar

12 Alrawas MB, Kashoura Y, Tosun Ö, Öz U. Comparing the effects of CAD/CAM nickel-titanium lingual retainers on teeth stability and periodontal health with conventional fixed and removable retainers: A randomized clinical trial. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24(2):241–50. Search in Google Scholar

13 Patyal A, Karpe S, Chacko PK, Khandelwal M, Puri S, Kandikatla P. Efficacy of fixed versus removal retainer post orthodontic treatment: A comparative study. Int J Health Sci. 2022;17:6491–500. Search in Google Scholar

14 Haddaway NR, Page MJ, Pritchard CC, McGuinness LA. (2022). An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis Campbell Systematic Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1230 Search in Google Scholar

15 Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:17 Search in Google Scholar

16 Quinzi V, Carli E, Mummolo A, De Benedictis F, Salvati SE, Mampieri G. Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research. 2023;13(2):337–46. doi:10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.015 Search in Google Scholar

17 Klukowska M, Bader A, Erbe C, Bellamy P, White DJ, Anastasia MK, et al. Plaque levels of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances measured by digital plaque image analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011;139(5). doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.05.019 Search in Google Scholar

18 Hadzic S, Vukelic M, Pasic E, Jahic I, Muharemovic A, Vrazalica L, et al. Evaluation of periodontal changes in patients before, during, and after fixed orthodontic therapy. Materia Socio Medica. 2022;34(2):121. doi:10.5455/msm.2022.34.121-1251 Search in Google Scholar

19 Bucur SM, Raffanini Chiarati C, Avino P, Migliorino I, Cocoș DI, Bud ES, et al. Retrospective study regarding the status of superficial marginal periodontium in adult patients wearing orthodontic retainers. Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2021;12(2):194–201. Search in Google Scholar

20 Han JY, Park SH, Kim J, Hwang KG, Park CJ. Clinical factors affecting the longevity of fixed retainers and the influence of fixed retainers on periodontal health in Periodontitis patients: A retrospective study. Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science. 2021;51(3):163. doi:10.5051/jpis.2003140157 Search in Google Scholar

21 Frawley T, Parkin N, Kettle J, Longstaff S, Benson P. Young people’s experiences of orthodontic retainers: A qualitative study. Journal of Orthodontics. 2022;49(4):394–402. doi:10.1177/14653125221099962 Search in Google Scholar

22 Kravitz ND, Grauer D, Schumacher P, Jo Y. Memotain: A CAD/cam nickel-titanium lingual retainer. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2017;151(4):812–5. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.11.021 Search in Google Scholar

23 Pandis N, Vlahopoulos K, Madianos P, Eliades T. Long-term periodontal status of patients with mandibular lingual fixed retention. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2007;29(5):471–6. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjm042 Search in Google Scholar

24 Lang NP, Schätzle MA, Löe H. Gingivitis as a risk factor in periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2009;36(s10):3–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01415.x Search in Google Scholar

25 Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque–induced gingival conditions. Journal of Periodontology. 2018;89(S1). doi:10.1002/jper.17-0095 Search in Google Scholar

26 Nazir MA. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2017;11(2):72-80. Search in Google Scholar

27 O’Rourke N, Albeedh H, Sharma P, Johal A. Effectiveness of bonded and vacuum-formed retainers: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2016;150(3):406–15. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.03.020 Search in Google Scholar

28 Ferreira LA, Sapata DM, Provenzano MGA, Hayacibara RM, Ramos AL. Periodontal parameters of two types of 3 x 3 orthodontic retainer: a longitudinal study. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019;24(3):64-70. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.3.064-070.oar. Search in Google Scholar

29 Heier EE, De Smit AA, Wijgaerts IA, Adriaens PA. Periodontal implications of bonded versus removable retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112(6):607-16. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(97)70225-7. Search in Google Scholar

30 Mathew R, Sathasivam HP, Mohamednor L, Yugaraj P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients towards orthodontic treatment. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-02780-y. Search in Google Scholar