The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives – A Review

Abeynayake S.W., Panter S., Mouradov A., Spangenberg G. (2011). A high-resolution method for the localization of proanthocyanidins in plant tissues. Plant Methods., 7: 2–6.10.1186/1746-4811-7-13Search in Google Scholar

Abo-Donia F.M., Yang L.Y., Hristov A.N., Wang M., Tang S.X., Zhou C.S., Han X.F., Kang J.H., Tan Z.L., He Z.L. (2017). Effects of tannins on the fatty acid profiles of rumen fluids and milk from lactating goats fed a total mixed ration containing rapeseed oil. Livest. Sci., 204: 16–24.10.1016/j.livsci.2017.08.002Search in Google Scholar

Aguerre M.J., Capozzolo M.C., Lencioni P., Cabral C., Wattiaux M.A. (2016). Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 99: 4476–4486.10.3168/jds.2015-10745Search in Google Scholar

Ali M., Mehboob H.A., Mirza M.A., Raza H., Osredkar M. (2017). Effect of hyrdolysable tannin supplementation on production performance of dairy crossbred cows. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 27: 1088–1093.Search in Google Scholar

Alipour D., Rouzbehan Y. (2010). Effects of several levels of extracted tannin from grape pomace on intestinal digestibility of soybean meal. Livest. Sci., 128: 87–91.10.1016/j.livsci.2009.11.003Search in Google Scholar

Alonso-Diaz M.A., Torres-Acosta J.F.J., Sandoval-Castro C.A., Hoste H. (2011). Comparing the sensitivity of two in vitro assays to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of tropical tannin rich plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasit., 181: 360–364.10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.052Search in Google Scholar

Anantasook N., Wanapat M., Cherdthong A., Gunun P. (2015). Effect of tannins and saponins in Samanea saman on rumen environment, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 99: 335–344.10.1111/jpn.12198Search in Google Scholar

Anantasook N., Wanapat M., Gunun P., Cherdthong A. (2016). Reducing methane production by supplementation of Terminalia chebula containing tannins and saponins. Anim. Sci. J., 87: 783–790.10.1111/asj.12494Search in Google Scholar

Andrabi S.M,Ritchie M.M., Stimson C., Horadagoda A., Hyde M., Mc Neill D.M. (2005). In vivo assessment of the ability of condensed tannins to interfere with the digestibility of plant protein in sheep. Anim Feed Sci. Technol., 122: 13–27.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.002Search in Google Scholar

Arsenos G., Fortomaris P., Papadopoulos E., Sotiraki S., Stamataris C., Zy-goyiannis D. (2009). Growth and meat quality of kids of indigenous Greek goats (Capra prisca) as influenced by dietary protein and gastrointestinal nematode challenge. Meat Sci., 82: 317–323.10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.028Search in Google Scholar

Athanasiadou S., Kyriazakis I., Jackson F., Coop R.L. (2001). Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Vet. Parasit., 99: 205–219.10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00467-8Search in Google Scholar

Athanasiadou S., Tzamaloukas O., Kyriazakis I., Jackson F., Coop R.L. (2005). Testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. Vet. Parasitol., 127: 233–243.10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.031Search in Google Scholar

Attia M.F.A., Nour El-din A.N.M., El-zarkouny S.Z., El-zaiat H.M. (2016). Impact of quebracho tannins supplementation on productive and reproductive efficiency of dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci., 6: 269–288.10.4236/ojas.2016.64032Search in Google Scholar

Aufrere J., Dudilieu M., Andueza D., Poncet C., Baumont R. (2013). Mixing sainfoin and lucerne to improve the feed value of legumes fed to sheep by the effect of condensed tannins. Int. J. Anim. Biosci., 7: 82–92.10.1017/S1751731112001097Search in Google Scholar

Azuhnwi B.N., Hertzberg H., Arrigo Y., Gutzwiller A., Hess H.D., Mueller-Har-vey I., Torgerson P.R., Kreuzer M., Dohme-Meier F. (2013). Investigation of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) cultivar differences on nitrogen balance and fecal egg count in artificially infected lambs. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 2343–2354.10.2527/jas.2012-5351Search in Google Scholar

Banso A., Adeyemo S.O. (2007). Evaluation of antibacterial properties of tannins isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea. Afric. J. Biotechnol., 6: 1785–1787.10.5897/AJB2007.000-2262Search in Google Scholar

Barry T.N., Mcnabb W.C. (1999). Review article. The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants. Br. J. Nutr., 81: 263–272.10.1017/S0007114599000501Search in Google Scholar

Beauchemin K.A., Mc Ginn S.M. (2006). Methane emissions from beef cattle: effects of fumaric acid, essential oil, and canola oil. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 1489–1496.10.2527/2006.8461489xSearch in Google Scholar

Beauchemin K.A., Mc Ginn S.M., Martinez T.F., Mc Allister T.A. (2007). Use of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees to reduce methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 1990–1996.10.2527/jas.2006-686Search in Google Scholar

Belachew Z., Yisehak K., Taye T., Janssens G.P.J. (2013). Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 58: 176–192.10.17221/6712-CJASSearch in Google Scholar

Berard N.C., Wang Y., Wittenberg K.M., Krause D.O., Coulman B.E., Mc Allis-ter T.A., Ominski K.H. (2011). Condensed tannin concentrations found in vegetative and mature forage legumes grown in Western Canada. Canadian J. Plant Sci., 91: 669–675.10.4141/cjps10153Search in Google Scholar

Beyene S.T., Mlisa L., Gxasheka M. (2014). Local perceptions of livestock husbandry and rangeland degradation in the highlands of South Africa: implication for development interventions. J. Hum. Ecol., 47: 257–268.10.1080/09709274.2014.11906760Search in Google Scholar

Bhat T.K., Singh B., Sharma O.P. (1998). Microbial degradation of tannins – a current perspective. Biodegrad., 9: 343–357.10.1023/A:1008397506963Search in Google Scholar

Bhatta R., Uyeno Y., Tajima K., Takenaka A., Yabumoto Y., Nonaka I., Enishi O., Kurihara M. (2009). Difference in the nature of tannins on in vitro ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production and on methanogenic archaea and protozoal populations. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 5512–5522.10.3168/jds.2008-1441Search in Google Scholar

Bhatta R., Saravanan M., Baruah L., Sampath K.T. (2012). Nutrient content, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of tropical tannin-containing leaves. J. Sci. Food Agr., 92: 2929–2935.10.1002/jsfa.5703Search in Google Scholar

Bhatta R., Saravanan M., Baruah L., Prasad C.S. (2014). Effects of graded levels of tannin-containing tropical tree leaves on in vitro rumen fermentation, total protozoa and methane production. J. Applied Microbiol., 118: 557–564.10.1111/jam.12723Search in Google Scholar

Bhattarai S., Coulman B., Biligetu B. (2016). Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop): renewed interest as a forage legume for Western Canada. Canadian J. Plant Sci., 756: 748–756.10.1139/cjps-2015-0378Search in Google Scholar

Bodas R., Prieto N., García-González R., Andrés S., Giráldez F.J., López S. (2012). Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production with plant secondary metabolites. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 176: 78–93.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.010Search in Google Scholar

Buccioni A., Serra A., Minieri S., Mannelli F., Cappucci A., Benvenuti D., Ra-paccini S., Conte G., Mele M. (2015). Milk production, composition, and milk fatty acid profile from grazing sheep fed diets supplemented with chestnut tannin extract and extruded linseed. Small Rumin. Res., 130: 200–207.10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.07.021Search in Google Scholar

Bunglavan S.J., Dutta N. (2013). Use of tannins as organic protectants of proteins in digestion of ruminants. J. Livest. Sci., 4: 67–77.Search in Google Scholar

Carrasco J.M.D., Cabral C., Redondo L.M., Viso N.D.P., Farber M.D., Miyaka-wa M.E.F. (2016). Impact of dietary tannins on rumen microbiota of bovines. 2nd International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics (ATA). Challenges and Solutions in Animal Production. OIE Headquarters, Paris, France 12–15 December 2016.Search in Google Scholar

Carreno D., Hervas G., Toral P.G., Belenguer A., Frutos P. (2015). Ability of different types and doses of tannin extracts to modulate in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 202: 42–51.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.003Search in Google Scholar

Carulla J., Kreuzer M., Machmueller A., Hess H. (2005). Supplementation of Acacia mearnsii tannins decrease methanogenesis and urinary nitrogen in forage-fed sheep. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 56: 961–970.10.1071/AR05022Search in Google Scholar

Carvalho C.O., Chagas A.C.S., Cotinguiba F., Furlan M., Brito L.G., Chaves F.C.M., Stephan M.P., Bizzo H.R., Amarante A.F.T. (2012). The anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides venezuelensis. Vet. Parasitol., 183: 260–268.10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.051Search in Google Scholar

Chattopadhyay M.K., Nosanchuk J.D., Einstein A. (2014). Use of antibiotics as feed additives: a burning question. Front. Microbiol., 5: 1–3.10.3389/fmicb.2014.00334Search in Google Scholar

Deaville E.R., Givens I., Mueller-Harvey I. (2010). Chestnut and mimosa tannin silages: effects in sheep differ for apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and losses. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 157: 129–138.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.007Search in Google Scholar

Denek N., Aydin S.S., Can A. (2017). The effects of dried pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) by-product addition on corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 45: 185–189.10.1080/09712119.2016.1141778Search in Google Scholar

Dey A., Sarathi De P. (2014). Influence of condensed tannins from Ficus bengalensis leaves on feed utilization, milk production and antioxidant status of crossbred cows. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 27: 342–348.10.5713/ajas.2013.13295Search in Google Scholar

Doss A., Mubarack H.M., Dhanabalan R. (2009). Antibacterial activity of tannins from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn. Indian J. Sci. Technol., 2: 41–43.10.17485/ijst/2009/v2i2.5Search in Google Scholar

Douglas G.B., Stienezen M., Waghorn G.C., Foote A.G., Purchas R.W. (1999). Effect of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) on body weight, carcass fat depth, and wool growth of lambs in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Agr. Res., 42: 55–64.10.1080/00288233.1999.9513353Search in Google Scholar

Dschaak C.M., Williams C.M., Holt M.S., Eun J., Young A.J., Min B.R. (2011). Effects of supplementing condensed tannin extract on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 2508–2519.10.3168/jds.2010-3818Search in Google Scholar

Dubey M., Dutta N., Kusumakar S., Pattanaik A., Banerjee P.S., Singh M. (2011). Effect of condensed tannins supplementation from tanniferous tree leaves on in vitro nitrogen and substrate degradation. Anim. Nutr. Feed Technol., 11: 115–22.Search in Google Scholar

Eckard R.J., Grainger C., de Klein C.A.M. (2010). Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A Review. Livest. Sci., 130: 47–56.10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.010Search in Google Scholar

EFSA (2014). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of tannic acid when used as feed flavouring for all animal species. EFSA, 12: 2–18.10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3567Search in Google Scholar

Ehsan O., Abdullah N., Oskoueian A. (2013). Effects of flavonoids on rumen fermentation activity, methane production, and microbial population. Bio. Med. Res. Int., 2013: 1–9.10.1155/2013/349129Search in Google Scholar

Eldin I., Elgailani H., Ishak C.Y. (2014). Determination of tannins of three common acacia species of Sudan. Advan. Chemist., 2014: 1–6.10.1155/2014/192708Search in Google Scholar

Ellis J.L., Kebreab E., Odongo N.E., Mc Bride B.W., Okine E.K., France J. (2007). Prediction of methane production from dairy and beef cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 90: 3456–3466.10.3168/jds.2006-675Search in Google Scholar

Ellis J.L., Bannink A., France J., Kebreab E., Dijkstra J. (2010). Evaluation of enteric methane prediction equations for dairy cows used in whole farm models. Global Change Biol., 16: 3246–3256.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02188.xSearch in Google Scholar

Francisco A., Dentinho M.T., Alves S.P., Portugal P.V., Fernandes F., Sengo S., Jerónimo E. (2015). Growth performance, carcass and meat quality of lambs supplemented with increasing levels of a tanniferous bush (Cistus ladanifer L.) and vegetable oils. Meat Sci., 100: 275–282.10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.014Search in Google Scholar

Frutos P., Hervas G., Giraldez F.J., Mantecon A.R. (2004). Review. Tannins and ruminant nutrition. Spanish J. Agr. Res., 2: 191–202.10.5424/sjar/2004022-73Search in Google Scholar

Gai F., Gasco L., Schiavone A., Zoccarato I. (2011). Nutritional effects of chestnut tannins in poultry and rabbit. In: Tannins: Types, Foods Containing, and Nutrition, Chapter: 12. Nutritional Effects of Chestnut Tannins in Poultry and Rabbit, Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Editors: Georgios K. Petridis, pp. 297–306.Search in Google Scholar

García-Hernández C., Arece-García J., Rojo-Rubio R., Mendoza-Martí-nez G.D.Albarrán-Portillo B., Vázquez-Armijo J.F., Avendaño-Reyes L., Olmedo-Juárez A. (2017). Nutraceutic effect of free condensed tannins of Lysiloma acapulcensis (Kunth) benth on parasite infection and performance of Pelibuey sheep. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 49: 55–61.10.1007/s11250-016-1157-8Search in Google Scholar

Gemeda B.S., Hassen A. (2018). The potential of tropical tannin rich browses in reduction of enteric methane. Appro. Poult. Dairy Vet. Sci., 2: 1–9.10.31031/APDV.2018.02.000538Search in Google Scholar

Gerber P.J., Hristov A.N., Henderson B., Makkar H., Oh J., Lee C., Meinen R. (2013). Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Int. J. Anim. Biosci., 7: 220–234.10.1017/S1751731113000876Search in Google Scholar

Gerlach K., Pries M., Tholen E., Schmithausen A.J., Büscher W., Südekum K.H. (2018 a). Effect of condensed tannins in rations of lactating dairy cows on production variables and nitrogen use efficiency. Anim., 12: 1–9.10.1017/S175173111700363929306350Search in Google Scholar

Gerlach K., Pries M., Südekum K.H. (2018 b). Effect of condensed tannin supplementation on in vivo nutrient digestibilities and energy values of concentrates in sheep. Small Rumin. Res., 161: 57–62.10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.017Search in Google Scholar

Gessner D.K., Koch C., Romberg F.J., Winkler A., Dusel G., Herzog E., Most E., Eder K. (2015). The effect of grape seed and grape marc meal extract on milk performance and the expression of genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the liver of dairy cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 98: 8856–8868.10.3168/jds.2015-9478Search in Google Scholar

Getachew G., Pittroff W., Putnam D.H., Dandekar A., Goyal S., De Peters E.J. (2008). The Influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 140: 444–461.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.011Search in Google Scholar

Githiori J.B., Athanasiadou S., Thamsborg S.M. (2006). Use of plants in novel approaches for control of gastrointestinal helminths in livestock with emphasis on small ruminants. Vet. Parasitol., 139: 308–320.10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.021Search in Google Scholar

Gómez H., Toral N., Assefaw A., Pinto R., Jaime L. (2006). Áreas con potencial para el establecimiento de árboles forrajeros en el centro de Chiapas. Téc. Pecu. Méx., 44: 219–230.Search in Google Scholar

Guglielmelli A., Calabrò S., Primi R., Carone F., Cutrignelli M.I., Tudisco R., Piccolo G., Ronchi B., Danieli P.P. (2011). In vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay with different condensed tannin contents. Grass Forage Sci., 66: 488–500.10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00805.xSearch in Google Scholar

Gunun P., Gunun N., Cherdthong A., Wanapat M., Polyorach S., Sirilaophaisan S., Wachirapakorn C., Kang S. (2018). In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production as affected by rambutan peel powder. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 46: 626–631.10.1080/09712119.2017.1371608Search in Google Scholar

Gxasheka M., Louis T., Ning T., Lyu Q.Z. (2015). An overview of tannins rich plants as alternative supplementation on ruminant animals: a review. Int. J. Agr. Res., 3: 343–349.Search in Google Scholar

Hartmann T. (2007). From waste products to ecochemicals: fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism. Phytochem., 68: 2831–2846.10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.017Search in Google Scholar

Hatew B., Stringano E., Mueller-Harvey I., Hendriks W.H., Carbonero C.H., Smith L.M.J., Pellikaan W.F. (2016). Impact of variation in structure of condensed tannins from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation characteristics. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nut., 100: 348–360.10.1111/jpn.12336Search in Google Scholar

Heckendorn F., Haring D.A., Maurer V., Senn M., Hertzberg H. (2007). Individual administration of three tanniferous forage plants to lambs artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia curticei. Vet. Parasitol., 146: 123–134.10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.01.009Search in Google Scholar

Hervás G., Pérez V., Giráldez F.J., Mantecón A.R., Almar M.M., Frutos P. (2003). Intoxication of sheep with quebracho tannin extract. J. Comparative Pathol., 129: 44–54.10.1016/S0021-9975(02)00168-8Search in Google Scholar

Hook S.E., Wright A.D.G., Mc Bride B.W. (2010). Methanogens: methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea., 2010: 50–60.10.1155/2010/945785Search in Google Scholar

Hristov A.N., Oh J., Firkins J.L., Dijkstra J., Kebreab E., Waghorn G., Mak-kar H.P.S. (2013). Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 5045–5069.10.2527/jas.2013-6583Search in Google Scholar

Huang Q., Liu X., Zhao G., Hu T., Wang Y. (2017). Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production. Anim. Nutr., 9: 1–14.Search in Google Scholar

Huang X.D., Liang J.B., Tan H.Y., Yahya R., Ho Y.W. (2011). Effects of Leucaena condensed tannins of differing molecular weights on in vitro CH4 production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 166–167: 373–376.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.026Search in Google Scholar

Iqbal Z., Mufti K.A., Khan M.N. (2002). Anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins. Int. J. Agr. Biol., 4: 438–40.Search in Google Scholar

Iqbal Z., Sarwar M., Jabbar A., Ahmed S., Nisa M., Sajid M.S., Khan M.N., Muf-ti K.A., Yaseen M. (2007). Direct and indirect anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins in sheep. Vet. Parasitol., 144: 125–131.10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.035Search in Google Scholar

Jackson F., Athanasiadou S., Thamsborg S.M., Hoskin S.O. (2006). The effects of tannin-rich plants on parasitic nematodes in ruminants. Trends Parasitol., 22: 254–261.10.1016/j.pt.2006.04.004Search in Google Scholar

Jafari S., Ebrahimi M., Goh Y.M., Rajion M.A., Jahromi M.F., Al-Jumail W.S. (2019). Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane gas production by plant secondary metabolites (saponin, tannin and essential oil) – a review. Ann. Anim. Sci., 19: 3–29.10.2478/aoas-2018-0037Search in Google Scholar

Jamala G.Y., Tarimbuka I.L., Moris D., Mahai S. (2013). The scope and potentials of fodder trees and shrubs in agroforestry. J. Agr. Vet. Sci., 5: 11–17.10.9790/2380-0541117Search in Google Scholar

Janssen P.H. (2010). Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 160: 1–22 .10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.002Search in Google Scholar

Jayanegara A., Wina E., Soliva C.R., Marquardt S., Kreuzer M., Leiber F. (2011). Dependence of forage quality and methanogenic potential of tropical plants on their phe- nolic fractions as determined by principal component analysis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 163: 231–243.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.11.009Search in Google Scholar

Jayanegara A., Kreuzer M., Leiber F. (2012). Ruminal disappearance of polyunsaturated fatty acids and appearance of biohydrogenation products when incubating linseed oil with alpine forage plant species in vitro. Livest. Sci., 147: 104–112.10.1016/j.livsci.2012.04.009Search in Google Scholar

Jayanegara A., Goel G., Makkar P.S.H., Becker K. (2015). Divergence between purified hydrolysable and condensed tannin effects on methane emission, rumen fermentation and microbial population in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 209: 60–68.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.002Search in Google Scholar

Johnson K.A., Johnson D.E. (1995). Methane emissions from cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 73: 2483–2492.10.2527/1995.7382483xSearch in Google Scholar

Jonker A., Yu P. (2017). The occurrence, biosynthesis, and molecular structure of proanthocyanidins and their effects on legume forage protein precipitation, digestion and absorption in the ruminant digestive tract. Int. J. Molecul. Sci., 18: 2–23.10.3390/ijms18051105Search in Google Scholar

Jouany J., Morgavi D.P. (2007). Use of ‘natural’ products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Anim., 1: 1443–1466.10.1017/S1751731107000742Search in Google Scholar

Kamra D.N., Agarwal N., Chaudhary L.C. (2006). Inhibition of ruminal methanogenesis by tropical plants containing secondary compounds. Int. Congress Series., 1293: 156–163.10.1016/j.ics.2006.02.002Search in Google Scholar

Kempton T.J., Murray R.M., Leng R.A. (1976). Methane production and digestibility measurements in the grey kangaroo and sheep. Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 29: 209–214.10.1071/BI9760209Search in Google Scholar

Koneswaran G., Nierenberg D. (2008). Global farm animal production and global warming: impacting and mitigating climate change. Env. Health Perspectives., 116: 578–582.10.1289/ehp.11034Search in Google Scholar

Krueger W.K., Gutierrez-Bañuelos H., Carstens G.E., Min B.R., Pinchak W.E., Gomez R.R., Anderson R.C., Krueger N.A., Forbes T.D.A. (2010). Effects of dietary tannin source on performance, feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and carcass and non-carcass traits in steers fed a high-grain diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 159: 1–9.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.05.003Search in Google Scholar

Kumar K., Chaudary L., Kumar S. (2014 a). Exploitation of tannins to modulate rumen ecosystem and ruminants performance: a review. Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 609–618.10.5958/0976-0555.2014.00041.7Search in Google Scholar

Kumar S., Choudhury P.K., Carro M.D., Griffith G.W., Dagar S.S., Puniya M., Ca-labro S. (2014 b). New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 98: 31–44.10.1007/s00253-013-5365-024247990Search in Google Scholar

Kurhekar J.V. (2016). Tannins – antimicrobial chemical components. Int. J. Technol. Sci., 9: 5–9.Search in Google Scholar

Lamy E., Rawel H., Schweigert F.J., Silva F.C.E., Ferreira A., Costa A.R., Antu-nes C., Almeida A.M., Coelho A.V., Sales-Baptista E. (2011). The effect of tannins on Mediterranean ruminant ingestive behavior: the role of the oral cavity. Molecules, 16: 2766–2784.10.3390/molecules16042766Search in Google Scholar

Lashof D., Ahuja D.R. (1990). Relative contributions of greenhouse gas emissions to global warming. Nature, 344: 529–531.10.1038/344529a0Search in Google Scholar

Lee S.H., Shinde P.L., Choi J.Y., Kwon I.K., Lee J.K., Pak S.I., Cho W.T., Chae B.J. (2010). Effects of tannic acid supplementation on growth performance, blood hematology, iron status and faecal microflora in weanling pigs. Livest. Sci., 131: 281–286.10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.013Search in Google Scholar

Lim S.H., Darah I., Jain K. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of tannin extracted from rhizophora apiculata barks. J. Tropical Forest Sci., 18: 59–65.Search in Google Scholar

Liu X.L., Hao Y.Q., Jin L., Xu Z.J., Mcallister T.A., Wang Y. (2013). Anti-Escherichia coli O157:H7 properties of purple prairie clover and sainfoin condensed tannins. Molecules, 18: 2183–2199.10.3390/molecules18022183Search in Google Scholar

Luque A., Barry T.N., Mc Nabb W.C., Kemp P.D., Mc Donald M.F. (2000). The effect of grazing Lotus corniculatus during late summer-autumn on reproductive efficiency and wool production in ewes. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 51: 385–391.10.1071/AR99078Search in Google Scholar

Makkar H.P.S. (2003). Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Rumin. Res., 49: 241–256.10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00142-1Search in Google Scholar

Mapiye C., Chimonyo M., Dzama K., Strydom P.E., Muchenje V., Marufu M.C. (2009). Nutritional status, growth performance and carcass characteristics of nguni steers supplemented with Acacia karroo Leaf-Meal. Livest. Sci., 126: 206–214.10.1016/j.livsci.2009.07.001Search in Google Scholar

Mapiye C., Chimonyo M., Marufu M.C., Dzama K. (2011). Utility of Acacia karroo for beef production in Southern African smallholder farming systems: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 164: 135–146.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.01.006Search in Google Scholar

María J., Carrasco D., Cabral C., Redondo L.M., Daniela N., Viso P., Colombat-to D., Farber M.D., Enrique M., Miyakawa F. (2017). Impact of chestnut and quebracho tannins on rumen microbiota of bovines. Bio. Med. Res. Int., 2017: 1–12.10.1155/2017/9610810Search in Google Scholar

Mc Allister T.A., Martinez T., Bae H.D., Muir A.D., Yanke L.J., Jones G.A. (2005). Characterization of condensed tannins purified from legume forages: chromophore production, protein precipitation, and inhibitory effects on cellulose digestion. J. Chem. Ecol., 31: 2049–2068.10.1007/s10886-005-6077-4Search in Google Scholar

Mc Michael A.J., Powles J.W., Butler C.D., Uauy R. (2007). Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health. Lancet., 370: 1253–1263.10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61256-2Search in Google Scholar

Mc Nabb W.C., Waghorn G.C., Barry T.N., Shelton I.D., Mc Nabbl W.C., Wag-horn G.C., Barry T.N., Shelton I.D. (1993). The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on the digestion and metabolism of methionine, cystine and inorganic sulphur in sheep. British J. Nut., 70: 647–661.10.1079/BJN19930155Search in Google Scholar

Mc Sweeney C.S., Palmer B., Mc Neill D.M., Krause D.O. (2001). Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 91: 83–93.10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00232-2Search in Google Scholar

Mejia-Hernandez P., Salem A.Z.M., Elghandour M.M.M.Y., Cipriano-Sala-zar M., Cruz-Lagunas B., Camacho L.M. (2014). Anthelmintic effects of Salix baby-lonica L. and Leucaena leucocephala Lam. extracts in growing lambs. Tropical Anim. Health Prod., 46: 173–178.10.1007/s11250-013-0471-7Search in Google Scholar

Menezes A.B.De., Lewis E., Donovan M.O., Neill B.F.O., Clipson N., Doyle E.M. (2011). Microbiome analysis of dairy cows fed pasture or total mixed ration diets. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 78: 256–265.10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01151.xSearch in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Hart S. (2003). Tannins for suppression of internal parasites. J. Anim. Sci., 81: 102–109.Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Fernandez J.M., Barry T.N., Mc Nabb W.C., Kemp P.D. (2001). The effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon reproductive efficiency and wool production in ewes during autumn. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 92: 185–202.10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00258-9Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Barrya T.N., Attwood G.T., Mc Nabb W.C. (2003). The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 106: 3–19.10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00041-5Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Attwood G.T., Mc Nabb W.C., Molan A.L., Barry T.N. (2005 a). The effect of Condensed tannins from Lotus corniculatus on the proteolytic activities and growth of rumen bacteria. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 121: 45–58.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.007Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Pinchak W.E., Fulford J.D., Puchala R. (2005 b). Effect of feed additives on in vitro and in vivo rumen characteristics and frothy bloat dynamics in steers grazing wheat pasture. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 124: 615–629.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.050Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Pinchak W.E., Anderson R.C., Fulford J.D., Puchala R. (2006). Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat. J. Anim. Sci., 84: 2546–2554.10.2527/jas.2005-590Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Solaiman S., Shange R., Eun J.S. (2014). Gastrointestinal bacterial and methanogenic archaea diversity dynamics associated with condensed tannin-containing pine bark diet in goats using 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Int. J. Microbiol., 2014: 1–11.10.1155/2014/141909Search in Google Scholar

Min B.R., Hernandez K., Pinchak W.E., Anderson R.C., Miller J.E., Valencia E. (2015). Effects of plant tannin extracts supplementation on animal performance and gastrointestinal parasites infestation in steers grazing winter wheat. J. Anim. Sci., 5: 343–350.10.4236/ojas.2015.53038Search in Google Scholar

Minieri S., Buccioni A., Rapaccini S., Pezzati A., Benvenuti D., Serra A., Me-le M. (2014). Effect of quebracho tannin extract on soybean and linseed oil biohydrogenation by solid associated bacteria: an in vitro study. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 13: 604–608.10.4081/ijas.2014.3267Search in Google Scholar

Mlambo V., Sikosana J.L.N., Mould F.L., Smith T., Owen E., Mueller-Harvey I. (2007). The effectiveness of adapted rumen fluid versus PEG to ferment tannin-containing substrates in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 136: 128–136.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.014Search in Google Scholar

Moate P.J., Williams S.R.O., Torok V.A., Hannah M.C., Ribaux B.E., Tavenda-le M.H., Eckard R.J., Jacobs J.L., Auldist M.J., Wales W.J. (2014). Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 97: 5073–5087.10.3168/jds.2013-7588Search in Google Scholar

Mokni M., Amri M., Limam F., Aouani E. (2017). Effect of grape seed and skin supplement on milk yield and composition of dairy ewes. Tropical Anim. Health Prod., 49: 131–137.10.1007/s11250-016-1169-4Search in Google Scholar

Molan A.L., Garry C., Waghorn B.R., Warren C., Mc Nabb W.C. (2000). The Effect of Condensed tannins from seven herbages on Trichostrongylus colubriformis larval migration in vitro. Folia Parasitologica., 47: 9–44.10.14411/fp.2000.007Search in Google Scholar

Molan A.L., Waghorn G.C., Mc Nabb W.C. (2002). Effect of condensed tannins on egg hatching and larval development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in vitro. Vet. Record., 150: 65–69.10.1136/vr.150.3.65Search in Google Scholar

Molan A.L., Duncan A.J., Barry T.N., Mc Nabb W.C. (2003). Effects of condensed tannins and crude sesquiterpene lactones extracted from chicory on the motility of larvae of deer lungworm and gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitol. Int., 52: 209–218.10.1016/S1383-5769(03)00011-4Search in Google Scholar

Mole S., Hagerman A.E., Hanley T.A. (2015). Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion. Ecology, 68: 1606–1615.10.2307/1939852Search in Google Scholar

Mueller-Harvey I. (2006). Unravelling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86: 1–28.10.1002/jsfa.2577Search in Google Scholar

Naumann H.D., Tedeschi L.O., Zeller W.E., Huntley N.F. (2017). The role of condensed tannins in ruminant animal production: advances, limitations and future directions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia., 46: 929–949.10.1590/s1806-92902017001200009Search in Google Scholar

Ngambu S., Muchenje V., Marume U. (2013). Effect of Acacia karroo supplementation on growth, ultimate ph, colour and cooking losses of meat from indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 26: 128–133.10.5713/ajas.2012.12046Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen T.M., Binh D.V., Ørskov E.R. (2005). Effect of foliages containing condensed tannins and on gastrointestinal parasites. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 121: 77–87.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.013Search in Google Scholar

Niezen J.H., Charleston W.A.G., Robertson H.A., Shelton D., Waghorn G.C., Green R. (2002). The effect of feeding sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) or lucerne (Medicago sativa) on lamb parasite burdens and development of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Parasitol., 105: 229–245.10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00014-6Search in Google Scholar

Oliveira S.G., Berchielli T.T., Pedreira M.D.S., Primavesi O., Frighetto R., Li-ma M.A. (2007). Effect of tannin levels in sorghum silage and concentrate supplementation on apparent digestibility and methane emission in beef cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 135: 236–248.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.012Search in Google Scholar

Paengkoum P., Phonmun T., Liang J.B., Huang X.D., Tan H.Y., Jahromi M.F. (2015). Molecular weight, protein binding affinity and methane mitigation of condensed tannins from mangosteen-peel (Garcinia mangostana L). Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 28: 1442–1448.10.5713/ajas.13.0834Search in Google Scholar

Paolini V., Bergeaud J.P., Grisez C., Prevot F., Dorchies P., Hoste H. (2003). Effects of condensed tannins on goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol., 113: 253–261.10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00064-5Search in Google Scholar

Paolini V., Farge F.D.L., Prevot F., Dorchies P., Hoste H. (2005). Effects of the repeated distribution of sainfoin hay on the resistance and the resilience of goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Parasitol., 127: 277–283.10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.015Search in Google Scholar

Papanastasis V.P., Yiakoulaki M.D., Decandia M., Dini-Papanastasi O. (2008). Integrating woody species into livestock feeding in the Mediterranean areas of Europe. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 140: 1–17.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.03.012Search in Google Scholar

Pathak A.K., Narayan D., Banerjee P.S., Pattanaik A.K., Sharma K. (2013). Influence of dietary supplementation of condensed tannins through leaf meal mixture on intake, nutrient utilization and performance of Haemonchus contortus infected sheep. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 26: 1446–1458.10.5713/ajas.2013.13066Search in Google Scholar

Pathak A.K., Narayan D., Pattanaik A.K., Chaturvedi V.B., Sharma K. (2017). Effect of condensed tannins from Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture on nutrient metabolism, methane emission and performance of lambs. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 30: 1702–1710.10.5713/ajas.17.0060Search in Google Scholar

Patra A.K. (2010). Meta-analyses of effects of phytochemicals on digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics associated with methanogenesis. J. Sci. Food Agric., 90: 2700–2708.10.1002/jsfa.4143Search in Google Scholar

Patra A.K., Saxena J. (2011). Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91: 24–37.10.1002/jsfa.4152Search in Google Scholar

Patra A.K., Yu Z. (2012). Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of rumen microbial populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78: 4271–4280.10.1128/AEM.00309-12Search in Google Scholar

Patra A.K., Yu Z. (2013). Effective reduction of enteric methane production by a combination of nitrate and saponin without adverse effect on feed degradability, fermentation, or bacterial and archaeal communities of the rumen. Bioresour.Technol., 148: 352–360.10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.140Search in Google Scholar

Patra P.K., Saeki T., Dlugokencky E.J., Ishijima K., Umezawa T., Ito A., Aoki S. (2016). Regional methane emission estimation based on observed atmospheric concentrations. J. Meteorol. Society Japan. Ser., 94: 91–113.10.2151/jmsj.2016-006Search in Google Scholar

Pellikaan W.F., Stringano E., Leenaars J., Bongers D.J.G.M., Laar-van Schup-pen S.V., Plant J., Mueller-Harvey I. (2011). Evaluating the effects of tannins on the extent and rate of in vitro measured gas and methane production using the automated pressure evaluation system (APES). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 167: 377–390.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.072Search in Google Scholar

Petek M., Dikmen S. (2006). The effects of prestorage incubation and length of storage of broiler breeder eggs on hatchability and subsequent growth performance of progeny. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 51: 73–77.10.17221/3912-CJASSearch in Google Scholar

Piluzza G., Sulas L., Bullitta S. (2013). Tannins in forage plants and their role in animal husbandry and environmental sustainability: a review. Grass Forage Sci., 69: 32–48.10.1111/gfs.12053Search in Google Scholar

Pineiro-Vázquez A.T., Canul-Solis J.R., Alayon-Gamboa J.A., Chay-Ca-nul A.J., Ayala-Burgos A.J., Aguilar-Perez C.F., Solorio-Sanchez F.J., Ku-Vera J.C. (2015). Potential of condensed tannins for the reduction of emissions of enteric methane and their effect on ruminant productivity. Arch. Med. Vet., 47: 263–272.10.4067/S0301-732X2015000300002Search in Google Scholar

Pinski B., Günal M., Abu Ghazaleh A.A. (2015). The effects of essential oil and condensed tannin on fermentation. Anim. Prod. Sci., 56: 266–272.10.1071/AN15069Search in Google Scholar

Priolo A., Waghorn W.C., Lanza M., Biondi L., Pennisi P. (2000). Polyethylene glycol as a means for reducing the impact of condensed tannins in carob pulp: effects on lamb growth performance and meat quality. J. Anim. Sci., 78: 810–816.10.2527/2000.784810xSearch in Google Scholar

Priolo A., Bella M., Lanza M., Galofaro V., Biondi L., Barbagallo D., Salem H.B., Pennisi P. (2005). Carcass and meat quality of lambs fed fresh sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) with or without polyethylene glycol or concentrate. Small Rumin. Res., 59: 281–288.10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.05.012Search in Google Scholar

Puchala R., Min B.R., Goetsch A.L., Sahlu T. (2005). The effect of a condensed tannin-containing forage on methane emission by goats. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 182–186.10.2527/2005.831182xSearch in Google Scholar

Ramírez-Restrepo C.A., Barry T.N. (2005). Alternative temperate forages containing secondary compounds for improving sustainable productivity in grazing ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 120: 179–201.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.01.015Search in Google Scholar

Reed J.D., Soller H., Woodward A. (1990). Fodder tree and straw diets for sheep: intake, growth, digestibility and the effects of phenolics on nitrogen utilisation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 30: 39–50.10.1016/0377-8401(90)90050-ISearch in Google Scholar

Rira M., Chentli A., Boufenera S., Bousseboua H. (2015). Effects of plants containing secondary metabolites on ruminal methanogenesis of sheep in vitro. Energy Procedia., 74: 15–24.10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.513Search in Google Scholar

Rivera-Mendez C., Plascencia A., Torrentera N., Zinn R.A. (2016). Effect of level and source of supplemental tannin on growth performance of steers during the late finishing phase. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 45: 199–203.10.1080/09712119.2016.1141776Search in Google Scholar

Rochfort S., Parker A.J., Dunshea F.R. (2008). Plant bioactives for ruminant health and productivity. Phytochemistry, 69: 299–322.10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.08.017Search in Google Scholar

Salem H.B. (2010). Nutritional management to improve sheep and goat performances in semiarid regions. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia., 39: 337–347.10.1590/S1516-35982010001300037Search in Google Scholar

Salem H.B., Nefzaoui A., Makkar H.P.S., Hochlef H., Salem I.B., Salem L.B. (2005). Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 122: 59–77.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.014Search in Google Scholar

Saminathan M., Sieo C.C., Gan H.M., Abdullah N., Wong C.M.V.L., Ho Y.W. (2016). Effects of condensed tannin fractions of different molecular weights on population and diversity of bovine rumen methanogenic archaea in vitro, as determined by high-throughput sequencing. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 216: 146–160.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.005Search in Google Scholar

Schofield P., Mbugua D.M., Pell A.N. (2001). Analysis of condensed tannins: a review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 91: 21–40.10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00228-0Search in Google Scholar

Śliwiński B.J., Soliva C.R., Machmüller A., Kreuzer M. (2002). Efficacy of plant extracts rich in secondary constituents to modify rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 101: 101–114.10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00139-6Search in Google Scholar

Smith A.H., Mackie R.I. (2004). Effect of condensed tannins on bacterial diversity and metabolic activity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 70: 1104–1115.10.1128/AEM.70.2.1104-1115.2004Search in Google Scholar

Smith A.H., Zoetendal E., Mackie R.I. (2005). Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins. Microbial Ecology, 50: 197–205.10.1007/s00248-004-0180-xSearch in Google Scholar

Soltan Y.A., Morsy A.S., Sallam S.M.A., Louvandini H., Abdalla A.L. (2012). Comparative in vitro evaluation of forage legumes (prosopis, acacia, atriplex, and leucaena) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 21: 753–766.10.22358/jafs/66148/2012Search in Google Scholar

Soltan Y.A., Morsy A.S., Sallam S.M.A., Lucas R.C., Louvandini H., Kreuzer M., Abdalla A.L. (2013). Contribution of condensed tannins and mimosine to the methane mitigation caused by feeding Leucaena leucocephala. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 67: 169–184.10.1080/1745039X.2013.801139Search in Google Scholar

Tavendale M.H., Meagher L.P., Pacheco D., Walker N., Attwood G.T., Sivakuma-ran S. (2005). Methane production from in vitro rumen incubations with Lotus pedunculatus and Medicago sativa, and effects of extractable condensed tannin fractions on methanogenesis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 124: 403–419.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.04.037Search in Google Scholar

Theodoridou K., Aufrère J., Andueza D., Pourrat J., Le Morvan A., Stringa-no E., Mueller-Harvey I., Baumont R. (2010). Effects of condensed tannins in fresh sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on in vivo and in situ digestion in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 160: 23–38.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.06.007Search in Google Scholar

Thornton P.K., Gerber P.J. (2010). Climate change and the growth of the livestock sector in developing countries. Mitigation adaptation strategies for global change, 15: 169–184.10.1007/s11027-009-9210-9Search in Google Scholar

Tiemann T.T., Lascano C.E., Wettstein H.R., Mayer A.C., Kreuzer M., Hess H.D. (2008). Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs. Int. J. Anim. Biosci., 2: 790–799.10.1017/S1751731108001791Search in Google Scholar

Tzamaloukas O., Athanasiadou S., Kyriazakis I., Jackson F., Coop R.L. (2005). The consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of Teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs. Int. J. Parasitol., 35: 329–335.10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.11.013Search in Google Scholar

Vasta V., Nudda A., Cannas A., Lanza M., Priolo A. (2008). Alternative feed resources and their effects on the quality of meat and milk from small ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 223–246.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.020Search in Google Scholar

Waghorn G. (2008). Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production-progress and challenges. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 147: 116–139.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.013Search in Google Scholar

Waghorn G.C., Tavendale M.H., Woodfield D.R. (2002). Methanogenesis from forages fed to sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 64: 167–71.10.33584/jnzg.2002.64.2462Search in Google Scholar

Wallace R.J., Mc Ewan N.R., Mc Intosh F.M., Teferedegne B., Newbold C.J. (2002). Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 15: 1458–1468.10.5713/ajas.2002.1458Search in Google Scholar

Wanapat M. (2003). Manipulation of cassava cultivation and utilization to improve protein to energy biomass for livestock feeding in the tropics. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 16: 463–472.10.5713/ajas.2003.463Search in Google Scholar

Wanapat M., Chanthakhoun V., Phesatcha K., Kang S. (2014). Influence of mangosteen peel powder as a source of plant secondary compounds on rumen microorganisms, volatile fatty acids, methane and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes. Livest. Sci., 162: 126–133.10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.025Search in Google Scholar

Wanapat M., Cherdthong A., Phesatcha K., Kang S. (2015). Dietary sources and their effects on animal production and environmental sustainability. Anim. Nutr., 1: 96–103.10.1016/j.aninu.2015.07.004Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Xu Z., Bach S.J., Mc Allister T.A. (2009). Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) phlorotannins and terrestrial tannins. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 22: 238–245.10.5713/ajas.2009.80213Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Majak W., Mc Allister T.A. (2012). Frothy bloat in ruminants: cause, occurrence, and mitigation strategies. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 172: 103–114.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.012Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Jin L., Ominski K.H., He M., Xu Z., Krause D.O., Acharya S.N. (2013). Screening of condensed tannins from Canadian prairie forages for anti–Escherichia coli O157: H7 with an emphasis on purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent). J. Food Protection, 76: 560–567.10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-259Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Mc Allister T.A., Acharya S. (2015). Condensed tannins in sainfoin: composition, concentration, and effects on nutritive and feeding value of sainfoin forage. Crop Sci., 55: 13–22.10.2135/cropsci2014.07.0489Search in Google Scholar

Williams C.M., Eun J.S., Mac Adam J.W., Young A.J., Fellner V., Min B.R. (2011). Effects of forage legumes containing condensed tannins on methane and ammonia production in continuous cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 167: 364–372.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.025Search in Google Scholar

Wischer G., Boguhn J., Steingass H., Schollenberger M., Rodehutscord M. (2013). Effects of different tannin-rich extracts and rapeseed tannin monomers on methane formation and microbial protein synthesis in vitro. Animal, 7: 1–10.10.1017/S1751731113001481Search in Google Scholar

Woodward S.L., Waghorn G.C., Ulyatt M.J., Lassey K.R. (2001). Early indications that feeding lotus will reduce methane emissions from ruminants. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production., 61: 23–26.Search in Google Scholar

Yang C., Chowdhury M.A.C., Huo Y., Gong J. (2015). Phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application. Pathogens, 4: 137–156.10.3390/pathogens4010137Search in Google Scholar

Yisehak K., Becker A., Rothman J.M., Dierenfeld E.S., Marescau B., Bosch G., Hendriks W., Janssens G.P.J. (2012). Amino acid profile of salivary proteins and plasmatic trace mineral response to dietary condensed tannins in free-ranging zebu cattle (Bos indicus) as a marker of habitat degradation. Livest. Sci., 144: 275–280.10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.020Search in Google Scholar

Zenebe S., Feyera T., Assefa S. (2017). In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and leaves of Schinus molle L. against Haemonchus contortus. BioMed. Res. Int., 2017: 1–7.10.1155/2017/1905987Search in Google Scholar