Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinomas by Hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization, Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

1. Katsanos K, Kitrou P, Spiliopoulos S, Maroulis I, Petsas T, Karnabatidis D., Comparative effectiveness of different transarterial embolization therapies alone or in combination with local ablative or adjuvant systemic treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPLoS One. 2017 Sep 21;12(9):e0184597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.018459710.1371/journal.pone.0184597560820628934265Search in Google Scholar

2. Bruix J, Sherman M, Practice Guidelines Committee AAftSoLD. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2005;42(5):1208-36. pmid:16250051.10.1002/hep.2093316250051Search in Google Scholar

3. Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):835-53. pmid:26795574.10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.04126795574Search in Google Scholar

4. Ray CE Jr., Brown AC, Green TJ, Winston H, Curran C, Kreidler SM, et al. Survival outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with drug-eluting bead chemoembolization. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2015;204(2):440–7. pmid:25615768.10.2214/AJR.14.1284425615768Search in Google Scholar

5. Fu Y, Zhao X, Yun Q, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Li Q, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine. 2015;8(7):10388-400. pmid:26379829.Search in Google Scholar

6. Facciorusso A, Di Maso M, Muscatiello N. Microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of hyperthermia: the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group. 2016:1-6. pmid:26794414.Search in Google Scholar

7. Ni JY, Xu LF, Wang WD, Sun HL, Chen YT., Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization vs Microsphere Embolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis, World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec 7;20(45):17206-17. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17206.10.3748/wjg.v20.i45.17206425859325493037Search in Google Scholar

8. Page AJ, Cosgrove DC, Philosophe B, Pawlik TM. Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2014;23:289-311.10.1016/j.soc.2013.10.00624560111Search in Google Scholar

9. Kennedy AS, Sangro B. Nonsurgical treatment for localized hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2014;16:373.10.1007/s11912-013-0373-x392145124488546Search in Google Scholar

10. Aubé C, Bouvier A, Lebigot J, Vervueren L, Cartier V, Oberti F. Radiological treatment of HCC: interventional radiology at the heart of management, Diagn Interv Imaging. 2015;96:625-636.Search in Google Scholar

11. Galle PR, Forner A, Llovet JM, Mazzaferro V, Piscaglia F, Raoul JL, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma, J Hepatol. 2018;69:182-236.Search in Google Scholar

12. Delicque J, Hermida M, Piron L, Allimant C, Belgour A, Pageaux GP, Ben Bouallegue F, Assenat E, Mariano-Goulart D, Guiu B, Cassinotto C. Intra Arterial Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison of MELD Score Variations Between Radio-Embolization and Chemo-Embolization, Diagn Interv Imaging. 2019 Nov;100(11):689-697. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2019.05.006.10.1016/j.diii.2019.05.00631281074Search in Google Scholar

13. Vogel A, Cervantes A, Chau I, Daniele B, Llovet JM, Meyer T, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: ESMO Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol. 2019;30:871-873.Search in Google Scholar

14. de Lope CR, Tremosini S, Forner A, Reig M, Bruix J. Management of HCC, J Hepatol. 2012;56:75-87.Search in Google Scholar

15. Llovet JM, Zucman-Rossi J, Pikarsky E, Sangro B, Schwartz M, Sherman M, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2016;2:16018. pmid:27158749.10.1038/nrdp.2016.1827158749Search in Google Scholar

16. Lencioni R, de Baere T, Soulen MC, Rilling WS, Geschwind JH. Lipiodol transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review of efficacy and safety data. Hepatology. 2016. pmid:26765068.10.1002/hep.2845326765068Search in Google Scholar

17. Facciorusso A, Di Maso M, Muscatiello N. Drug-eluting beads versus conventional chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Digestive and liver disease: official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016. pmid:26965785.10.1016/j.dld.2016.02.005Search in Google Scholar

18. Breunig IM, Shaya FT, Hanna N, Seal B, Chirikov VV, Daniel Mullins C. Transarterial chemoembolization treatment: association between multiple treatments, cumulative expenditures, and survival. Value Health. 2013;16:760-768.10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1630Search in Google Scholar

19. Leelawat K, Laisupasin P, Kiatdilokrut A, Pongtongpool T, Narong S, Samkhumphim N, Ket-Horm S. The effect of doxorubicin on the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). J Med Assoc Thai. 2008;91:1539-1543.Search in Google Scholar

20. Chen C, Wang J, Liu R, Qian S. RNA interference of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha improves the effects of transcatheter arterial embolization in rat liver tumors. Tumour Biol. 2012;33:1095-1103.10.1007/s13277-012-0349-8Search in Google Scholar

21. Jia ZZ, Jiang GM, Feng YL. Serum HIF-1alpha and VEGF levels pre- and post-TACE in patients with primary liver cancer. Chin Med Sci J. 2011;26:158-162.10.1016/S1001-9294(11)60041-2Search in Google Scholar

22. Winiarski BK, Wolanska KI, Rai S, Ahmed T, Acheson N, Gutowski NJ, Whatmore JL. Epithelial ovarian cancer-induced angiogenic phenotype of human omental microvascular endothelial cells may occur independently of VEGF signaling. Transl Oncol. 2013;6:703-714.10.1593/tlo.13529389070524466373Search in Google Scholar

23. Li J, Xu Y, Long XD, Wang W, Jiao HK, Mei Z, Yin QQ, Ma LN, Zhou AW, Wang LS. Cbx4 governs HIF-1α to potentiate angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by its SUMO E3 ligase activity. Cancer Cell. 2014;25:118-131.10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.00824434214Search in Google Scholar

24. Srabovic N, Mujagic Z, Mujanovic-Mustedanagic J, Softic A, Muminovic Z, Rifatbegovic A, Begic L. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 expression in breast cancer and its correlation to vascular endothelial growth factor a. Int J Breast Cancer. 2013;2013:746749.10.1155/2013/746749387667724416596Search in Google Scholar

25. Sato K, Lewandowski RJ, Bui JT, Omary R, Hunter RD, Kulik L, Mulcahy M, Liu D, Chrisman H, Resnick S. Treatment of unresectable primary and metastatic liver cancer with yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere): assessment of hepatic arterial embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2006;29:522-529.10.1007/s00270-005-0171-416729228Search in Google Scholar

26. Song MJ, Chun HJ, Song do S, Kim HY, Yoo SH, Park CH, Bae SH, Choi JY, Chang UI, Yang JM. Comparative study between doxorubicin-eluting beads and conventional transarterial chemoembolization for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2012;57:1244-1250.10.1016/j.jhep.2012.07.01722824821Search in Google Scholar

27. van Malenstein H, Maleux G, Vandecaveye V, Heye S, Laleman W, van Pelt J, Vaninbroukx J, Nevens F, Verslype C. A randomized phase II study of drug-eluting beads versus transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Onkologie. 2011;34:368-376.10.1159/00032960221734423Search in Google Scholar

28. Salem R, Lewandowski RJ, Mulcahy MF, Riaz A, Ryu RK, Ibrahim S, Atassi B, Baker T, Gates V, Miller FH. Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using Yttrium-90 microspheres: a comprehensive report of long-term outcomes. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:52-64.10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.006Search in Google Scholar

29. Hawkins CM, Kukreja K, Geller JI, Schatzman C, Ristagno R. Radioembolisation for treatment of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma. Pediatr Radiol. 2013;43:876-88110.1007/s00247-012-2568-ySearch in Google Scholar

30. Chan AO, Yuen MF, Hui CK, Tso WK, Lai CL. A prospective study regarding the complications of transcatheter intraarterial lipiodol chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;94:1747-1752.10.1002/cncr.10407Search in Google Scholar

31. Siramolpiwat S, Punjachaipornpon T, Pornthisarn B, Vilaichone RK, Chonprasertsuk S, Tangaroonsanti A, Bhanthumkomol P, Phumyen A, Yasiri A, Kaewmanee M., N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Post-embolization Syndrome in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Transarterial Chemoembolization, Dig Dis Sci. 2019 Nov;64(11):3337-3345. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05652-010.1007/s10620-019-05652-0Search in Google Scholar

32. Tasneem AA, Abbas Z, Luck NH, Hassan SM, Faiq SM. Adverse events following transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma and factors predicting such events. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63:239-244.Search in Google Scholar

33. Chan AO, Yuen MF, Hui CK, Tso WK, Lai CL. A prospective study regarding the complications of transcatheter intraarterial lipiodol chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;94:1747-1752.10.1002/cncr.10407Search in Google Scholar

34. Leung DA, Goin JE, Sickles C, Raskay BJ, Soulen MC. Determinants of postembolization syndrome after hepatic chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12:321-326.10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61911-3Search in Google Scholar

35. Jun CH, Ki HS, Lee HK, et al. Clinical significance and risk factors of postembolization fever in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:284-289.10.3748/wjg.v19.i2.284354755723345952Search in Google Scholar

36. Mason MC, Massarweh NN, Salami A, Sultenfuss MA, Anaya DA. Post-embolization syndrome as an early predictor of overall survival after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17:1137-1144.10.1111/hpb.12487464436726374137Search in Google Scholar

37. Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. IL-6 pathway in the liver: from physiopathology to therapy. J Hepatol. 2016;64:1403-1415.10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.00426867490Search in Google Scholar

38. Yamaguchi K, Itoh Y, Yokomizo C, et al. Blockade of IL-6 signaling exacerbates liver injury and suppresses antiapoptotic gene expression in methionine choline-deficient diet-fed db/db mice. Lab Invest. 2011;91:609–61810.1038/labinvest.2011.221321532Search in Google Scholar

39. Lauterburg BH, Corcoran GB, Mitchell JR. Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1983;71:980-991.10.1172/JCI1108534369566833497Search in Google Scholar

40. Camma C, Schepis F, Orlando A et al. (2002) Transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Radiology 224:47-54.10.1148/radiol.224101126212091661Search in Google Scholar

41. Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology. 2003;37:429-442.10.1053/jhep.2003.5004712540794Search in Google Scholar

42. Marelli L, Stigliano R, Triantos C et al. (2007) Transarterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: which technique is more effective? A systematic review of cohort and randomized studies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007;30:6-25.10.1007/s00270-006-0062-317103105Search in Google Scholar

43. Mason MC, Massarweh NN, Salami A, Sultenfuss MA, Anaya DA., Post-embolization syndrome as an early predictor of overall survival after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, HPB (Oxford). 2015 Dec;17(12):1137-44. doi: 10.1111/hpb.12487.10.1111/hpb.12487464436726374137Search in Google Scholar

Li H, Wu F, Duan M, Zhang G., Drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) vs conventional TACE in treating hepatocellular carcinoma patients with multiple conventional TACE treatments history. A comparison of efficacy and safety. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 May;98(21):e15314. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000015314.10.1097/MD.0000000000015314657123931124925Search in Google Scholar