The Incidence and Risk of Inducing Hyperthyroidism Following Amiodarone Treatment

1. Martino E, Bartaleta L, Bogazzi F et al. The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid. Endocrine Rev. 2001;22:240-254.Search in Google Scholar

2. Davies TF, Larsen PR. Thyrotoxicosis. In: Larsen, Kronenberg, Melmed, Polonsky “Williams Textbook of Endocrinology”, 10 th Ed. Saunders, 2003;411-421.Search in Google Scholar

3. Franklyn JA, Sheppard MC. Amiodarone and thyroid dysfunction. Trends Endocrinology Metab. 1993;4:128-131.10.1016/1043-2760(93)90036-ESearch in Google Scholar

4. Becker KL. Principles and practice of endocrinology and metabolism, 3rd J.B Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Company, Philadelphia. 2001;24-56.Search in Google Scholar

5. Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Brogioni S et al. Color fl ow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type I and type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis Thyroid. 1997;7:541-545.Search in Google Scholar

6. Brien JF, Jimmo S, Brennan FJ et al. Distribution of amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone, in human tissues. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1987;65(3):360-364.10.1139/y87-0623580958Search in Google Scholar

7. Wiersinga WM. Amiodarone and the thyroid. In: Weetman AP, Grossman A eds. Pharmacotherapeutics of the thyroid gland. Berlin: Springer. 1996; 225-287.10.1007/978-3-642-60709-7_10Search in Google Scholar

8. Sundick RS, Herdegeden DM, Brown TR et al. The incorporation of dietary iodine into thyroglobuline increases its immunogenicity. Endocrinology. 1987;120(5):2078-2082.10.1210/endo-120-5-20783569125Search in Google Scholar

9. Chiovato L, Martino E, Tonacchera M et al. Studies on the in vitro cytotoxic effect of amiodarone. Endocrinology, 1994;134(5):2277-2282.10.1210/endo.134.5.81569308156930Search in Google Scholar

10. Goodman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, The McGraw-Hill Companies. 9th edition. 1996;103-110.Search in Google Scholar

11. Guyetant S, Rousselet MC, Wion-Barbot N et al. Hyperthyroidism induced by amiodarone and hyperthyroidism induced by iodine. Histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural aspects. Anne Pathol. 1995;15 (6):431-437.Search in Google Scholar

12. Hofmann A, Nawara C, Ofl uoglu S et al. Incidence and predictability of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2008;120(15-16):493-498.10.1007/s00508-008-1017-218820854Search in Google Scholar

13. Trifanescu R, Fica S, Barbu C et al. Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients from areas with iodine defi ciency. 2004;42(3):595-605.Search in Google Scholar

14. Lambert MJ, Burger AG, Galeazzi RL et al. Are selective increases in serum thyroxine (T4) due to iodinated inhibitors of T4 monodeiodination indicative of hyperthyroidism? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;55:1058-1065.Search in Google Scholar