[1. WH Organization. Diabetes. Fact Sheet N312 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/%5D. Accessed Nov 2014.]Search in Google Scholar
[2. World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia. 2006, http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/Definition%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20diabetes_new.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[3. The DECODE Study Group. Is the current definition for diabetes relevant to mortality risk from all causes and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases? Diabetes Care 2003;26:688-696.10.2337/diacare.26.3.688]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[4. Norhammar A, Tenerz Å, Nilsson G, et al . Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. A prospective study. Lancet 2002; 359: 2140-2144.10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09089-X]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Lang R, Biering M, Devereux RB et al. Recommendations for Chamber Quantification: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, Developed in Conjuction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a Branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18(12): 1440-1463.10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.00516376782]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Popescu BA, Carmen CB, Carmen G. Echocardiographic ssessment of diastolic heart failure. European Cardiology 2010, 6(3): 13-17.10.15420/ecr.2010.6.3.13]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[7. Liu JH, Chen Y, Yuen M et al. Incremental prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:22. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0333-5.]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Mitrovska S, Lazeska B. Contemporary Echocardiographic Techniques in Early Detection of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiol Curr Res 2014; 1(5): 00025.10.15406/jccr.2014.01.00025]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Boyer J, Thanigaraj S, Schechtman KB, Perez JE (2004) Prevalence of ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic, normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 93(7): 870-875.10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.12.02615050491]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[10. Zahiti BF, Gorani DR, Gashi FB, et al. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Detection and Evaluation by Tissue Doppler Imaging. Acta Informatica Medica 2013;21(2):120-123.10.5455/aim.2013.21.120-122]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Hölscher ME, Bode C, Bugger H. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Does the Type of Diabetes Matter? Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Dec 18;17(12) pii: E2136.10.3390/ijms17122136518793627999359]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[12. An D., Rodrigues B. Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 291 2006:H1489-H1506.10.1152/ajpheart.00278.200616751293]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res. 2010;107(9):1058-70.10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545299692221030723]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Bergerot C, Davidsen ES, Amaz C et al. Diastolic function deterioration in type 2 diabetes mellitus: predictive factors over a 3-year follow-up. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017 Feb 6. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jew331.]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Fontes-Carvalho R, Ladeiras-Lopes R, Bettencourt P et al. Diastolic dysfunction in the diabetic continuum: association ith insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Jan 13;14:4. doi: 10.1186/s12933-014-0168-x.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Paneni F, Gregori M, Tocci G et al. Do diabetes, metabolic syndrome or their association equally affect biventricular function? A tissue Doppler study. Hypertens Res. 2013 Jan;36(1):36-42.10.1038/hr.2012.13722951523]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[17. Ofstad AP, Urheim S, Dalen H et al. Identification of a definite diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes by comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation: A cross-sectional comparison with non-diabetic weight-matched controls. J Diabetes. 2015 Nov;7(6):779-90.10.1111/1753-0407.1223925350248]Search in Google Scholar
[18. De Jong KA, Czeczor JK, Sithara S et al. Obesity and type 2 diabetes have additive effects on left ventricular remodelling in normotensive patients-a cross sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017 Feb 8;16(1):21.10.1186/s12933-017-0504-z529977628178970]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Jørgensen PG, Jensen MT, Mogelvang R et al. Abnormal echocardiography in patients with type 2 diabetes and relation to symptoms and clinical characteristics. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2016 Sep;13(5):321-30.10.1177/147916411664558327208801]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Rossi A, Zoppini G, Benfari G et al. Mitral Regurgitation and Increased Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Med. 2017 Jan;130(1):70-76.e1.10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.01627555095]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Blomstrand P, Engvall M, Festin K et al. Left ventricular diastolic function, assessed by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, superior to global left ventricular longitudinal strain, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16(9):1000-7.10.1093/ehjci/jev02725750201]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Naqvi TZ, Lee MS. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in cardiovascular risk assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(10):1025-38.10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.11.01425051948]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Niu L, Zhang Y, Qian M et al. Impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness and elasticity. PLoS One. 2013 2;8(7):e67809.10.1371/journal.pone.0067809369947423844099]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Baldassarre D, Hamsten A, Veglia F et al. IMPROVE Study Group. Measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and of interadventitia common carotid diameter improve prediction of cardiovascular events: results of the IMPROVE (Carotid Intima Media Thickness [IMT] and IMTProgression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High Risk European Population) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Oct 16;60(16):1489-99.10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.03422999719]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Plasencia Martínez JM, Garcia Santos JM, Paredes Martinez ML, Pastor AM. Carotid intima-media thickness and hemodynamic parameters: reproducibility of manual measurements with Doppler ultrasound. Med Ultrason. 2015;17(2):167-74.10.11152/mu.2013.2066.172.ci-m26052566]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Touboul PJ, Hennerici MG, Meairs S et al. Mannheim carotid intima-media thickness and plaque consensus (2004-2006- 2011). An update on behalf of the advisory board of the 3rd, 4th and 5th watching the risk symposia, at the 13th, 15th and 20th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim, Germany, 2004, Brussels, Belgium, 2006, and Hamburg, Germany, 2011. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(4):290-6.10.1159/000343145376079123128470]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Gállego Pérez-Larraya J, Irimia P, Martínez-Vila E et al. The influence of obesity on the assessment of carotid intima-media thickness. J Clin Ultrasound. 2012 Oct;40(8):479-85.10.1002/jcu.2191622508361]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Badeĭnikova KK, Mazaev AP, Toguzova ZA et al. [Detection of early markers of atherosclerosis in men with various levels of risk of cardiovascular complications]. Kardiologiia. 2014;54(6):35-9.10.18565/cardio.2014.6.35-3925178075]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Silvestrini M, Altamura C, Cerqua R et al. Ultrasonographic markers of vascular risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013;33(4):619-24.10.1038/jcbfm.2013.5361840123361391]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Lubas A, Kade G, Niemczyk S. Renal resistive index as a marker of vascular damage in cardiovascular diseases. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014;46(2):395-402.10.1007/s11255-013-0528-6393217123959401]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[31. Kawai T, Kamide K, Onishi M et al. Usefulness of the resistive index in renal Doppler ultrasonography as an indicator of vascular damage in patients with risks of atherosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(10):3256-62.10.1093/ndt/gfr05421372256]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Bruno RM, Daghini E, Landini L, et al. Dynamic evaluation ofrenal resistive index in normoalbuminuric patients with newly diagnosed hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2011;54:2430-2439.10.1007/s00125-011-2148-y21499674]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[33. Mancini M, Masulli M, Liuzzi R et al. Renal duplex sonographic evaluation of type 2 diabetic patients. J Ultrasound Med. 2013;32(6):1033-40.10.7863/ultra.32.6.103323716525]Search in Google Scholar
[34. MacIsaac RJ, Thomas MC, Panagiotopoulos S et al. Association between intrarenal arterial resistance and diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 23;7:15. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-7-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Kinouchi M, Aihara K, Fujinaka Y et al. Diabetic conditions differentially affect the endothelial function, arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2014;21(5):486-500.10.5551/jat.2083424401746]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[36. Staub D, Meyerhans A, Bundi B et al. Prediction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: comparison of the internal carotid artery resistive index with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness. Stroke. 2006;37(3):800-5.10.1161/01.STR.0000202589.47401.c616439703]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[37. Chung H, Jung YH, Kim KH et al. Carotid Artery End- Diastolic Velocity and Future Cerebro-Cardiovascular Events in Asymptomatic High Risk Patients. Korean Circ J. 2016;46(1):72-8.10.4070/kcj.2016.46.1.72472085226798388]Search in Google Scholar