Melatonin as a powerful antioxidant

1. M. Brzęczek, K. Słonka and L. Hyla-Klekot, Melatonin-a pleiotropic hormone, Pediatr. Med. Rodz. 12 (2016) 127–133; https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2016.001110.15557/PiMR.2016.0011Search in Google Scholar

2. K. Skwarło-Sońta and P. Majewski, Melatonin, multifunctional signal molecule in mammals: origin, functions, mechanisms of action, Folia Med. Lodziensia37 (2010) 15–55.Search in Google Scholar

3. H. Illnerova, M. Buresova and J. Presl, Melatonin rhythm in human milk, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.77 (1993) 838–841; https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370707.10.1210/jcem.77.3.83707078370707Search in Google Scholar

4. D. Katzer, L. Pauli, A. Mueller, H. Reutter, J. Reinsberg, R. Fimmers, P. Bartmann and S. Bagci, Melatonin concentrations and antioxidative capacity of human breast milk according to gestational age and the time of day, J. Human Lact. 32 (2016) NP105-NP110, Article ID 5620613; https://doi.org/10.1177/089033441562521710.1177/089033441562521727121237Search in Google Scholar

5. G. Huether, Melatonin synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract and the impact of nutritional factors on circulating melatonin, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.31 (1994) 146–158; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb56826.x10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb56826.x8010590Search in Google Scholar

6. D. Acuna-Castroviejo, G. Escames, C. Venegas, M. E. Diaz-Casado, E. Lima-Cabello, L. C. Lopez, S. Rosales-Corral, D. Tan and R. J. Reiter, Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71 (2014) 2997–3025; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1579-210.1007/s00018-014-1579-224554058Search in Google Scholar

7. P. T. Popławski and R. A. Derlacz, [How does melatonin function?] [Article in Polish] Post. Biochem. 49 (2003) 1–9.Search in Google Scholar

8. M. Singh and H. R. Jadhav, Melatonin: functions and ligands, Drug Disc. Today19 (2014) 1410–1418; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.01410.1016/j.drudis.2014.04.01424792719Search in Google Scholar

9. D. Tan, L. C. Manchester, E. Esteban-Zubero, Z. Zhou and R. J. Reiter, Melatonin as a potent and inducible endogenous antioxidant: Synthesis and metabolism, Molecules20 (2015) 18886–18906; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20101888610.3390/molecules201018886633220526501252Search in Google Scholar

10. M. Skalski, Melatonin in sleep disorders and disorders of the circadian rhythm, Farmakoter. Psych. Neurol. 98 (1998) 103–111.Search in Google Scholar

11. M. Magierowski, K. Jasnos, I. Brzozowska, D. Drozdowicz, Z. Śliwowski, E. Nawrot, U. Szczyrk and S. Kwiecień, Melatonin as a therapeutic factor in gastric ulcer healing under experimental diabetes, Prz. Lek. 70 (2013) 942–946.Search in Google Scholar

12. Y. Hong, J. Won, Y. Lee, S. Lee, K. Park, K. Changand and Y. Hon, Melatonin treatment induces interplay of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence in human colorectal cancer cells, J. Pineal Res. 56 (2014) 264–274; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.1211910.1111/jpi.1211924484372Search in Google Scholar

13. S. M. Hill, V. P. Belancio, R. T. Dauchy, S. Xiang, S. Brimer, L. Mao, A. Hauch, P. W. Lundberg, W. Summers, L. Yuan, T. Frasch and D. E. Blask, Melatonin: an inhibitor of breast cancer, Endocr. Relat. Cancer22 (2015) Article ID 1024854; https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-003010.1530/ERC-15-0030445770025876649Search in Google Scholar

14. E. A. Cohen, A. Hadash, N. Shehadeh and G. Pillar, Breastfeeding may improve nocturnal sleep and reduce infantile colic: potential role of breast milk melatonin, Eur. J. Pediatr.171 (2012) 729–732; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1659-310.1007/s00431-011-1659-322205210Search in Google Scholar

15. J. E. Roberts, D. N. Hu, L. Martinez and C. F. Chignell, Photophysical studies on melatonin and its receptor agonists, J. Pineal Res.29 (2000) 94–99; https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2000.290205.x10.1034/j.1600-079X.2000.290205.xSearch in Google Scholar

16. H. S. Mahal, H. S. Sharma and T. Mukherjee, Antioxidant properties of melatonin: a pulse radiolysis study, Free Radic. Biol. Med.26 (1999) 557–565; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00226-310.1016/S0891-5849(98)00226-3Search in Google Scholar

17. M. Zhang, C. Gao, Y. Leak, R. K. Chen and J. Zhang, Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection, Progr. Neurobiol. 100 (2013) 30–47; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.09.00310.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.09.003362360623025925Search in Google Scholar

18. D. N. Tripathi and G. B. Jena, Effect of melatonin on the expression of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB during cyclophosphamide induced urinary bladder injury in rat, J. Pineal Res. 48 (2010) 324–331; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00756.x10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00756.x20433640Search in Google Scholar

19. J. Vriend and R. J. Reiter, The Keap1-Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway: A review of its regulation by melatonin and the proteasome, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 401 (2015) 213–220; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.01310.1016/j.mce.2014.12.01325528518Search in Google Scholar

20. N. F. Villeneuve, A. Lau and D. D. Zhang, Regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant response by the ubiquitin-proteasome system: an insight into cullin-ring ubiquitin ligases, Antiox. Redox Signal. 13 (2010) 1699–1712; https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.321110.1089/ars.2010.3211296648420486766Search in Google Scholar

21. W. Deng, Q. Xu, Y. Liu, C. Jiang, H. Zhuoa and L. Gu, Effects of melatonin on liver function and lipid peroxidation in a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, Exp. Ther. Med. 11 (2016) 1955–1960; https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.316010.3892/etm.2016.3160484056127168834Search in Google Scholar

22. K. Ding, H. Wang, J. Xu, T. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Ding, L. Zhu, J. He and M. Zhou, Melatonin stimulates antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress in experimental traumatic brain injury: the Nrf2–ARE signaling pathway as a potential mechanism, Free Rad. Biol. Med. 73 (2014) 1–11; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.03110.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.03124810171Search in Google Scholar

23. P. Rajputa, A. Jangrab, M. Kwatraa, A. Mishrac and M. Lahkard, Alcohol aggravates stress-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal neurotoxicity: Protective effect of melatonin, Biomed. Pharmacother. 91 (2017) 457–466; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.07710.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.07728477462Search in Google Scholar

24. M. Aparicio-Soto, C. Alarcón-de-la-Lastra, A. Cárdeno, S. Sánchez-Fidalgo and M. Sanchez-Hidalg, Melatonin modulates microsomal PGE synthase 1 and NF-E2-related factor-2-regulated antioxidant enzyme expression in LPS-induced murine peritoneal macrophages, Br. J. Pharmacol. 171 (2014) 134–144; https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.1242810.1111/bph.12428387470224116971Search in Google Scholar

25. V. Brazao, R. P. Colato, F. H. Santello, G. T. do Vale, N. de Almeida Gonzaga, C. R. Tirapelli and J. C. do Prado, T. cruzi infection among aged rats: Melatonin as a promising therapeutic molecule, Exp. Gerontol.135 (2020) Article ID 110922 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.11092210.1016/j.exger.2020.11092232151734Search in Google Scholar

26. A. Kumar, S. Mehrotra, G. Singh, K. Narayanan, G. K. Das, Y.K. Soni, M. Singh, A. S. Mahla, N. Srivastava and M. R. Verma, Sustained delivery of exogenous melatonin influences biomarkers of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in summer-stressed anestrous water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), Theriogenology83 (2015) 1402–1407; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.02310.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.02325805692Search in Google Scholar

27. M. Guney, B. Oral, N. Karahan and T. Mungan, Regression of endometrial explants in a rat model of endometriosis treated with melatonin, Fertil. Steril. 89 (2008) 934–942; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.02310.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.02317582405Search in Google Scholar

28. M. Allegra, R. J. Reiter, D.-X. Tan, C. Gentile, L. Tesoriere and M. A. Livrea, The chemistry of melatonin’s interaction with reactive species, J. Pineal Res. 34 (2003) 1–10 (10 pages); https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2003.02112.x10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.02112.x12485365Search in Google Scholar

29. D. Onk, O. A. Onk, H. S. Erol, M. Özkaraca, S. Çomaklı, T. A. Ayazoğlu, U. Kuyrukluyıldız and S. Ünver, Effect of melatonin on antioxidant capacity, inflammation and apoptotic cell death in lung tissue of diabetic rats, Acta Cir. Bras.33 (2018) 375–385; https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502018004000000910.1590/s0102-86502018004000000929768540Search in Google Scholar

30. S. Ozdinc, G. Oz, C. Ozdemir, I. Kilic, Z. Karakaya, A. Bal, T. Koken and O. Solak, Melatonin: is it an effective antioxidant for pulmonary contusion?, J. Surg. Res. 204 (2016) 445-451; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.05.02010.1016/j.jss.2016.05.02027565081Search in Google Scholar

31. P. K. Choudhary, A. K. Ishwar, R. Kumar, D. Niyogi and M. Kumar, Effect of exogenous melatonin and different photoperiods on oxidative status and antioxidant enzyme activity in Chhotanagpuri, Vet. World11 (2018) 130–134; https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.130-13410.14202/vetworld.2018.130-134589186329657392Search in Google Scholar

32. K. Mortezaee and N. Khanlarkhani, Melatonin application in targeting oxidative-induced liver injuries: A review, J. Cell. Physiol. 233 (2018) 4015–4032; https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.2620910.1002/jcp.2620929023783Search in Google Scholar

33. H. H. Chen, Y. T. Chen, C. C. Yang, K. H Chen, P. H., Sung, H. J Chiang and Y. L. Chen, Melatonin pretreatment enhances the therapeutic effects of exogenous mitochondria against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition, J. Pineal Res. 61 (2016) 52–68; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.1232610.1111/jpi.1232626993080Search in Google Scholar

34. R. Kireev, S. Bitoun, S. Cuesta, A. Tejerina, C. Ibarrola, E. Moreno and J. A. Tresguerres, Melatonin treatment protects liver of Zucker rats after ischemia/reperfusion by diminishing oxidative stress and apoptosis, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 701 (2013) 185–193; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.03810.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.03823220161Search in Google Scholar

35. J. R. Colares, E. G. Schemitt, R. M. Hartmann, F. Licks, M. do Couto Soares, A. Dal Bosco and N. P. Marroni, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of melatonin in an experimental model of secondary biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation, World J. Gastroenterol. 22 (2016) 8918–8928; https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i40.891810.3748/wjg.v22.i40.8918Search in Google Scholar

36. W. Deng, Q. Xu, Y. Liu, Ch. Jiang, H. Zhou and L. Gu, Effects of melatonin on liver function and lipid peroxidation in a rat model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, Exp. Ther. Med. 11 (2016) 1955–1960; https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.316010.3892/etm.2016.3160Search in Google Scholar

37. G. Rao, R. Verma, A. Mukherjee, Ch. Haldar and N. Kumar, Melatonin alleviates hyperthyroidism induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in hippocampus of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, Agrawa Exp. Gerontol. 82 (2016) 125–130; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.01410.1016/j.exger.2016.06.014Search in Google Scholar

38. C. Carrasco, A. B. Rodríguez and J. A. Pariente, Effects of melatonin on the oxidative damage and pancreatic antioxidant defenses in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats, Hepatobil. Pancreat. Dis. Int. 13 (2014) 442–446; https://doi.org/10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60271-x10.1016/S1499-3872(14)60271-XSearch in Google Scholar

39. A. Ahsen, Y. Gonul, A. Genc, M. S. Ulu, M. Yagmurca, C. U. Kocogullari, S. Celik and S. Yuksel, Protective effect of melatonin on infrarenal aortic occlusion: This effect is related to anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant effect, Inflammation37 (2014) 1111–1119; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-9835-z10.1007/s10753-014-9835-z24550036Search in Google Scholar

40. O. Karabulut-Bulan, B. B. Bayrak, P. Arda-Pirincci, G. Sarikaya-Unal, H. Us and R. Yanardag, Role of exogenous melatonin on cell proliferation and oxidant/antioxidant system in aluminum-induced renal toxicity, Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 168 (2015) 141–149; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0320-9.10.1007/s12011-015-0320-925855374Search in Google Scholar

41. Z. Donmez, O. Yigit, S. Bilici, N. Dursun, M. Gul, S. D. Dastan and S. Uzun, Evaluation of the anti-oxidant effects of melatonin on the larynx mucosa of rats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, Clin. Otolaryngol. 41 (2016) 211–221; https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.1250110.1111/coa.1250126147283Search in Google Scholar

42. M. Montiel, E. Bonilla, N. Valero, J. Mosquera, L. M. Espina, Y. Quiroz and M. Álvarez-Mon, Melatonin decreases brain apoptosis, oxidative stress, and CD200 expression and increased survival rate in mice infected by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 24 (2015) 99–108; https://doi.org/10.1177/204020661666085110.1177/2040206616660851589052627503577Search in Google Scholar

43. H. He, W. Dong and F. Huang, Anti-amyloidogenic and anti-apoptotic role of melatonin in Alzheimer disease, Curr. Neuropharmacol. 8 (2010) 211–217; https://doi.org/10.2174/15701591079224613710.2174/157015910792246137300121421358971Search in Google Scholar

44. N. Watson, T. Diamandis, Ch. Gonzales-Portillo, S. Reyes and C. V. Borlongan, Melatonin as an antioxidant for stroke neuroprotection, Cell Transplant. 25 (2016) 883–891; https://doi.org/10.3727/096368915X68974910.3727/096368915X68974926497887Search in Google Scholar

45. H. Ozyurt, B. Ozyurt, M. Sarsilmaz, I. Kus, A. Songur and O. Akyo, Potential role of some oxidant/antioxidant status parameters in prefrontal cortex of rat brain in an experimental psychosis model and the protective effects of melatonin, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 18 (2014) 2137–2144.Search in Google Scholar

46. R. Li, X. Luo, L. Li, Q. Peng. Y. Yang, L. Zhao, M. Ma and Z. Hou, The protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by acute cadmium exposure in mice testis, Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 170 (2016) 152–164; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0449-610.1007/s12011-015-0449-626224376Search in Google Scholar

47. X. Pan, L. Zhu, H. Lu, D. Wang, Q. Lu and H. Yan, Melatonin attenuates oxidative damage induced by acrylamide in vitro and in vivo, oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2015 (2015) Article ID 703709 (12 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/70370910.1155/2015/703709449139126185593Search in Google Scholar

48. M. Bazrgar, I. Goudarzi, T. Lashkarbolouki and M. E. Salmani, Melatonin ameliorates oxidative damage induced by maternal lead exposure in rat pups, Physiol. Behav. 151 (2015) 178–188; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.04010.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.04026197271Search in Google Scholar

49. F. Bagheri, I. Goudarzi, T. Lashkarbolouki and M. E. Salman, Melatonin prevents oxidative damage induced by maternal ethanol administration and reduces homocysteine in the cerebellum of rat pups, Behav. Brain Res. 287 (2015) 215–225; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.02210.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.02225797213Search in Google Scholar

50. S. Goswami and Ch. Haldar, UVB irradiation severely induces systemic tissue injury by augmenting oxidative load in a tropical rodent: Efficacy of melatonin as an antioxidant, J. Photochem. Photo-biol. B141 (2014) 84–92; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.02710.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.02725463654Search in Google Scholar

51. D. Sokolovic, B. Djordjevic, G. Kocic, T. J. Stoimenov, Z. Stanojkovic, D. M. Sokolovic, A. Veljkovic, G. Ristic, M. Despotovic, D. Milisavljevic, R. Jankovic and I. Binic, The effects of melatonin on oxidative stress parameters and dna fragmentation in testicular tissue of rats exposed to microwave radiation, Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 24 (2015) 429–436; https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/4388810.17219/acem/4388826467130Search in Google Scholar

52. T. Shua, L. Fana, T. Wub, Ch. Liua, L. Hea, M. Panga, Y. Bua, X. Wanga, J. Wangc, L. Ronga and B. Liua, Melatonin promotes neuroprotection of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural stem cells subjected to H₂O₂-induced injury in vitro, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 825 (2018) 143–150: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.02710.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.02729462594Search in Google Scholar

53. P. Wongprayoon and P. Govitrapong, Melatonin protects SH-SY₅Y neuronal cells against methamphetamine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic cell death, Neurotox. Res. 31 (2017) 1–10; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-016-9647-z10.1007/s12640-016-9647-z27370255Search in Google Scholar

54. Ch. Chang, T. Huang, H. Chen, T. Huang, L. Lin, Y. Chang and S. Hsia, Protective effect of melatonin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and enhanced autophagy in human retinal pigment epithelium, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2018 (2018) Article ID 9015765 (12 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/901576510.1155/2018/9015765609890730174783Search in Google Scholar

55. R. He, M. Cui, H. Lin, L. Zhao, J. Wang, S. Chen and Z. Shao, Melatonin resists oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells, Life Sci. 199 (2018) 122–130; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.02010.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.02029526797Search in Google Scholar

56. D. Zhu, Y. Ma, S. Ding, H. Jiang and J. F. Hindawi, Effects of melatonin on intestinal microbiota and oxidative stress in colitis mice, BioMed Res. Int. 2018 (2018) Article ID 2607679 (6 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/260767910.1155/2018/2607679581889129546052Search in Google Scholar

57. A. Carpentieri, A. Marchionatti, V. Areco, A. Perez, V. Centeno and N. Tolosa de Talamoni, Anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic properties of melatonin restore intestinal calcium absorption altered by menadione, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 387 (2014) 197–205; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-013-1885-210.1007/s11010-013-1885-224234419Search in Google Scholar

58. A. K. Singh and Ch. Haldar, Melatonin modulates glucocorticoid receptor mediated inhibition of antioxidant response and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 436 (2016) 59–67; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.02410.1016/j.mce.2016.07.02427452798Search in Google Scholar

59. S. Emamgholipour, A. Hossein-Nezhad and M. Ansari, Can melatonin act as an antioxidant in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress model in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Biochem. Res. Int. 2016 (2016) Article ID 2527940 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/585794010.1155/2016/5857940473701826881079Search in Google Scholar

60. A. Sánchez-Bretaño, K. Baba, U. Janjua, I. Piano, C. Gargini and G. Tosini, Melatonin partially protects 661W cells from H2O2-induced death by inhibiting Fas/FasL-caspase-3, Mol. Vision23 (2017) 844–852.Search in Google Scholar

61. M. Koziróg, A. R. Poliwczak, P. Duchnowicz, M. Koter-Michalak, J. Sikora and M. Broncel, Melatonin treatment improves blood pressure, lipid profile, and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with metabolic\ syndrome, J. Pineal Res. 50 (2011) 261–266; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00835.x10.1111/j.1600-079X.2010.00835.x21138476Search in Google Scholar

62. K. Szewczyk-Golec, P. Rajewski, M. Gackowski, C. Mila-Kierzenkowska, R. Wesołowski, P. Sutkowy, M. Pawłowska and A. Woźniak, Melatonin supplementation lowers oxidative stress and regulates adipokines in obese patients on a calorie-restricted diet, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2017 (2017) Article ID 8494107 (10 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/849410710.1155/2017/8494107563292229142618Search in Google Scholar

63. N. M. Alamdari, R. Mahdavi, N. Roshanravan, N. L. Yaghin, A. R. Ostadrahimi and E. Faramarzi, A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial related to the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters of obese women, Horm. Metab. Res. 47 (2015) 504–508; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-138458710.1055/s-0034-138458725126957Search in Google Scholar

64. K. Kedziora-Kornatowska, K. Szewczyk-Golec, M. Kozakiewicz, H. Pawluk, J. Czuczejko, T. Kornatowski, G. Bartosz and J. Kedziora, Melatonin improves oxidative stress parameters measured in the blood of elderly type 2 diabetic patients, J. Pineal Res. 46 (2009) 333–337; hhtps://https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00666.x10.1111/j.1600-079X.2009.00666.x19317795Search in Google Scholar

65. J. Rybka, K. Kędziora-Kornatowska, D. Kupczyk, M. Muszalik, M. Kornatowski and J. Kędziora, Antioxidant effect of immediate- versus sustainedrelease melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls, Drug Deliv. 23 (2016) 804–807; https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.91734310.3109/10717544.2014.91734324865293Search in Google Scholar

66. M. Adamczyk-Sowa, K. Pierzchala, P. Sowa, S. Mucha, I. Sadowska-Bartosz, J. Adamczyk and M. Hartel, Melatonin acts as antioxidant and improves sleep in MS patients, Neurochem. Res. 39 (2014) 1585–1593; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1347-610.1007/s11064-014-1347-6412281024974099Search in Google Scholar

67. R. Paula, B. C. Phukana, A. J. Thenmozhic, T. Manivasagamc, P. Bhattacharyad and A. Borah, Melatonin protects against behavioral deficits, dopamine loss and oxidative stress in homocysteine model of Parkinson’s disease, Life Sci. 192 (2018) 238–245; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.01610.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.01629138117Search in Google Scholar

68. R. Miyata, N. Tanuma, H. Sakuma and M. Hayashi, Circadian rhythms of oxidative stress markers and melatonin metabolite in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum group A, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016 (2016) Article ID 5741517 (5 pages); https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/574151710.1155/2016/5741517486180927213030Search in Google Scholar

69. M. Chahbouni, M. Del Señor López, A. Molina-Carballo, T. De Haro, A. Muñoz-Hoyos, M. Fernández-Ortiz, A. Guerra-Librero and D. Acuña-Castroviejo, Melatonin treatment reduces oxidative damage and normalizes plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy: A pilot study in three children, Molecules22 (2017) Article ID 1728 (14 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2210172810.3390/molecules22101728615144129036910Search in Google Scholar

70. E. Litsuko, T. Shimauti, D. G. H. Silva, E. Alves de Almeida, P. J. A. Zamaro, E. Belini and C. R. Bonini-Domingos, Serum melatonin level and oxidative stress in sickle cell anemia, Blood Cell. Mol. Dis. 45 (2010) 297–301; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.08.01310.1016/j.bcmd.2010.08.01320888275Search in Google Scholar

71. J. Chen, H. Xian, L. Zhang, H. Zhang, D. Wang and X. Tao, Protective effects of melatonin on sepsis-induced liver injury and dysregulation of gluconeogenesis in rats through activating SIRT1/STAT3 pathway, Biomed. Pharmacother. 117 (2019) Article ID 109150 (8 pages); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.10915010.1016/j.biopha.2019.10915031234024Search in Google Scholar

72. J.-D. Lin, W.-F. Fang, K.-T. Tang and C.-W. Cheng, Effects of exogenous melatonin on clinical and pathological features of a human thyroglobulin-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis mouse model, Sci. Rep.9 (2019) Article ID 5886 (12 pages); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42442-010.1038/s41598-019-42442-0645812930971749Search in Google Scholar

73. Y. W. Lin, T. Y. Chen, C. Y. Hung, S. H. Tai, S. Y. Huang, C. C. Chang, H. Y. Hung and E. J. Lee, Melatonin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress, Int. J. Mol. Med.42 (2018) 182–192; https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2018.360710.3892/ijmm.2018.3607597983029620280Search in Google Scholar

74. H. Bazyar, H. Gholinezhad, L. Moradi, P. Salehi, F. Abadi, M. Ravanbakhsh and Z. A. Javid, The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status, serum melatonin and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Inflammopharmacology27 (2019) 67–76; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0539-010.1007/s10787-018-0539-030328031Search in Google Scholar

75. M. Sifat, R. M. Samsonraj, F. Munmun, J. Glas, M. Silvestros, M. P. Kotlarczyk, R. Rylands, A. Dudakovic, A. J. van Wijnen, L. T. Enderby, H. Lassila, B. Dodda, V. L. Davis, J. Balk, M. Burow, B. A. Bunnell and P. A. Witt-Enderby, Biological effects of melatonin on osteoblast/osteoclast cocultures, bone, and quality of life: Implications of a role for MT2 melatonin receptors, MEK1/2, and MEK5 in melatonin-mediated osteoblastogenesis, J. Pineal Res. 64 (2018) e12465 (40 pages); https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.1246510.1111/jpi.12465671166829285799Search in Google Scholar

76. A. Rubio-González, J. C. Bermejo-Millo, B. de Luxán-Delgado, Y. Potes, Z. Pérez-Martínez, J. A. Boga, I. Vega-Naredo, B. Caballero, J. J. Solano and A. Coto-Montes, Melatonin prevents the harmful effects of obesity on the brain, including at the behavioral level, Mol. Neurobiol. 55 (2018) 5830–5846; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0796-810.1007/s12035-017-0796-829086246Search in Google Scholar

77. Y. L. Tiong, K. Y. Ng, R. Y. Koh, G. Ponnudurai and S. M. Chye, Melatonin prevents oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in high glucose-treated Schwann cells via upregulation of Bcl2, NF-κB, mTOR, Wnt signalling pathways, Antioxidants (Basel) 8 (2019) Article ID 198 (15 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox807019810.3390/antiox8070198668094031247931Search in Google Scholar

78. S. Loloei, M. Sepidarkish, A. Heydarian, N. Tahvilian, M. Khazdouz, J. Heshmati and H. Pouraram, The effect of melatonin supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials, Diabetes Metab. Syndr.13 (2019) 1901–1910; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.04310.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.04331235113Search in Google Scholar

79. S. Shi, S. Lei, C. Tang, K Wang and Z. Xia, Melatonin attenuates acute kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by activation of the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, Biosci. Rep.15 (2019) Article ID BSR20181614 (13 pages); https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR2018161410.1042/BSR20181614633166630578379Search in Google Scholar

80. T. K. Motawi, S. A. Ahmed, M. A. Hamed, S. A. El-Maraghy and W. M. Aziz, Melatonin and/or rowatinex attenuate streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal injury in rats, J. Biomed. Res.33 (2019) 113–121; https://doi.org/10.7555/JBR.31.2016002810.7555/JBR.31.20160028647717429089475Search in Google Scholar

81. Y. L. Tang, X. Sun, L. B. Huang, X. J. Liu, G. Qin, L. N. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Z. Y. Ke, J. S. Luo, C. Liang, C. J. Peng, W. Y. Tang, Y. Li, W. Huang, X. Q. Luo and W. Deng, Melatonin inhibits MLL-rearranged leukemia via RBFOX3/hTERT and NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathways, Cancer Lett.28 (2019) 167–178; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.03710.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.03730550850Search in Google Scholar

82. Y. C. Yang, P. C. Chiou, P. C. Chen, P. Y. Liu, W. C. Huang, C. C. Chao and C. H. Tang, Melatonin reduces lung cancer stemness through inhibiting of PLC, ERK, p38, β-catenin, and twist pathways, Environ. Toxicol. 34 (2019) 203–209; https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.2267410.1002/tox.2267430421542Search in Google Scholar

83. G. H. El-Sokkary, I. A. Ismail and S. H. Saber, Melatonin inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through modulating DJ-1/KLF17/ID-1 signaling pathway, J. Cell. Biochem.120 (2019) 3945–3957; https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.2767810.1002/jcb.2767830260001Search in Google Scholar

84. M. A. Nawaz, Y. Jiaoa, Ch. Chena, F. Shireena, Z. Zhenga, M. Imtiazc, Z. Biea and Y. Huanga, Melatonin pretreatment improves vanadium stress tolerance of watermelon seedlings by reducing vanadium concentration in the leaves and regulating melatonin biosynthesis and antioxidant-related gene expression, J. Plant Physiol. 220 (2018) 115–127; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.00310.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.00329172132Search in Google Scholar

85. Y. Zhang, D. J. Huber, M. Hu, G. Jiang, Z. Gao, X. Xu, Y. Jiang and Z. Zhan, Delay of postharvest browning in litchi fruit by melatonin via the enhancing of antioxidative processes and oxidation repair, J. Agric. Food Chem. 66 (2018) 7475–7484; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01922.10.1021/acs.jafc.8b0192229953220Search in Google Scholar

86. D. Liang, Y. Shen, Z. Ni, Q. Wang, Z. Lei, N. Xu, Q. Deng, L. Lin, J. Wang, X. Lv and H. Xia, Exogenous melatonin application delays senescence of kiwifruit leaves by regulating the antioxidant capacity and biosynthesis of flavonoids, Front. Plant Sci. 9 (2018) Article ID 426 (14 pages); https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.0042610.3389/fpls.2018.00426589658129675031Search in Google Scholar

87. S. Cao, K. Bian, L. Shi, H. Chung, W. Chen and Z. Yang, Role of melatonin in cell-wall disassembly and chilling tolerance in cold-stored peach fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem. 66 (2018) 5663–5670; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b0205510.1021/acs.jafc.8b0205529781612Search in Google Scholar

88. H. Gao, Z. Zhang, H.K. Chai, N. Cheng, Y. Yang, D. N. Wang, T. Yang and W. Cao, Melatonin treatment delays postharvest senescence and regulates reactive oxygen species metabolism in peach fruit, Postharvest Biol. Technol. 118 (2016) 103–110; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.03.00610.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.03.006Search in Google Scholar

89. J. F. Meng, T.F. Xu, Z. Z. Wang, Y. L. Fang, Z. M. Xi and Z. W. Zhang, The ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water-deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast morphology, J. Pineal Res. 57 (2014) 200–212; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.1215910.1111/jpi.1215925039750Search in Google Scholar

90. Y. Wei, G. Liu, Y. Chang, D. Lin, R. J. Reiter, C. He and H. Shi, Melatonin biosynthesis enzymes recruit WRKY transcription factors to regulate melatonin accumulation and transcriptional activity on W-box in cassava, J. Pineal Res. 65 (2018) Article ID 2487 (13 pages); https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.1248710.1111/jpi.1248729528508Search in Google Scholar

91. V. Martinez, M. Nieves-Cordones, M. Lopez-Delacalle, R. Rodenas, T. C. Mestre, F. Garcia-Sanchez, F. Rubio, P. A. Nortes, R. Mittler and R. M. Rivero, Tolerance to stress combination in tomato plants: New insights in the protective role of melatonin, Molecules23 (2018) Article ID 535 (20 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2303053510.3390/molecules23030535601735329495548Search in Google Scholar

92. M. Bałabusta, K. Szafrańska and M. M. Posmyk, Exogenous melatonin improves antioxidant defense in cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) germinated under chilling stress, Front. Plant Sci. 7 (2016) 575–589; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.0057510.3389/fpls.2016.00575484831827200048Search in Google Scholar

93. J. Zhang, L. Huibin, B. Xu, J. Li and B. Huang, Exogenous melatonin suppresses dark-induced leaf senescence by activating the superoxide dismutase-catalase antioxidant pathway and down-regulating chlorophyll degradation in excised leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Front. Plant Sci. 7 (2016) 1500 (15 pages); https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.0150010.3389/fpls.2016.01500505022827761136Search in Google Scholar

94. X. Li, J.-P. Wei, E. R. Scott, J.-W. Liu, S. Guo, Y. Li, L. Zhang and W.-Y. Han, Exogenous melatonin alleviates cold stress by promoting antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis in Camellia sinensis L., Molecules23 (2018) Article ID 165 (10 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2301016510.3390/molecules23010165601741429342935Search in Google Scholar

95. J. Ni, Q. Wang, F. A. Shah, W. Liu, D. Wang, S. Huang, S. Fu and L. Wu, Exogenous melatonin confers cadmium tolerance by counterbalancing the hydrogen peroxide homeostasis in wheat seedlings, Molecules23 (2018) 799 (17 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2304079910.3390/molecules23040799601719229601513Search in Google Scholar

96. S. Cao, K. Bian, L. Shi, H. H. Chung, W. Chen and Z. Yang, Role of melatonin in cell-wall disassembly and chilling tolerance in cold-stored peach fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem. 66 (2018) 5663–5670; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b0205510.1021/acs.jafc.8b02055Search in Google Scholar

97. M. Naghizadeh, R. Kabiri, A. Hatami, H. Oloumi, F. Nasibi and Z. Tahmasei, Exogenous application of melatonin mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits and secondary metabolites in Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica), Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants25 (2019) 881–894; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00674-410.1007/s12298-019-00674-4665683631402815Search in Google Scholar

98. Y. Qiu, K. An, J. Sun, X. Chen, X. Gong, L. Ma, S. Wu, S. Jiang, Z. Zhang and Y. Wang, Investigating the effect of methyl jasmonate and melatonin on resistance of Malus crabapple ‘Hong Jiu’ to ozone stress, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int.26 (2019) 27761–27768; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05946-w10.1007/s11356-019-05946-w31342350Search in Google Scholar

99. B. Huang, Y. E. Chen, Y. Q. Zhao, C. B. Ding, J. Q. Liao, C. Hu, L. J. Zhou, Z. W. Zhang, S. Yuan and M. Yuan, Exogenous melatonin alleviates oxidative damages and protects photosystem ii in maize seedlings under drought stress, Front. Plant Sci.10 (2019) Article ID 677 (16 pages); https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.0067Search in Google Scholar

100. M. H. Siddiqui, S. Alamri, Q. D. Alsubaie, H. M. Ali, A. A. Ibrahim and A. Alsadon, Potential roles of melatonin and sulfur in alleviation of lanthanum toxicity in tomato seedlings, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.180 (2019) 656–667; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.04310.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.04331136876Search in Google Scholar

101. S. Farouk and S. M. Al-Amri, Exogenous melatonin-mediated modulation of arsenic tolerance with improved accretion of secondary metabolite production, activating antioxidant capacity and improved chloroplast ultrastructure in rosemary herb, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.180 (2019) 333–347; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.02110.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.02131102841Search in Google Scholar

102. C. Liu, L. Chen, R. Zhao, R. Li, S. Zhang, W. Yu, J. Sheng and L. Shen, Melatonin induces disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit by activating jasmonic acid signaling pathway, J. Agric. Food Chem.67 (2019) 6116–6124; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b0005810.1021/acs.jafc.9b0005831084000Search in Google Scholar

103. J. Li, Y. Yang, K. Sun, Y. Chen, X. Chen and X. Li, Exogenous melatonin enhances cold, salt and drought stress tolerance by improving antioxidant defense in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L., O. Kuntze), Molecules24 (2019) Article ID 1826 (14 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091826.10.3390/molecules24091826653993531083611Search in Google Scholar

104. C. Kaya, M. Okant, F. Ugurlar, M. N. Alyemeni, M. Ashraf and P. Ahmad, Melatonin-mediated nitric oxide improves tolerance to cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in wheat plants, Chemosphere225 (2019) 627–638; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.02610.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.02630901656Search in Google Scholar

105. M. Okant and C. Kaya, The role of endogenous nitric oxide in melatonin-improved tolerance to lead toxicity in maize plants, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int.26 (2019) 11864–11874; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04517-3.10.1007/s11356-019-04517-330820918Search in Google Scholar

106. Y. Y. Cao, C. D. Qi, S. Li, Z. Wang, X. Wang, J. Wang, S. Ren, X. Li, N. Zhang and Y. D. Guo, Melatonin alleviates copper toxicity via improving copper sequestration and ROS scavenging in cucumber, Plant Cell. Physiol.60 (2019) 562–574; https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcy22610.1093/pcp/pcy22630496548Search in Google Scholar