<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly <italic>Piper nigrum</italic> Linn. and <italic>P. longum</italic>, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics.</p></abstract>

Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics.

Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications

Acta Pharmaceutica

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications"}

Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a...

Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications

Published Online: Nov 04, 2020

Page range: 185 - 213

Accepted: May 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0015

Keywords
absorption, metabolism, pharmacological activity, nanosystems

© 2021 Christian Rafael Quijia et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications

Published Online: Nov 04, 2020

Page range: 185 - 213

Accepted: May 31, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2021-0015

Keywordsabsorption, metabolism, pharmacological activity, nanosystems

© 2021 Christian Rafael Quijia et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
absorption, metabolism, pharmacological activity, nanosystems