Azo Dyes, Their Environmental Effects, and Defining a Strategy for Their Biodegradation and Detoxification

Siva R. Status of natural dyes and dye-yielding plants in India. Curr Sci 2007;92:916-25.Search in Google Scholar

Wesenberg D, Kyriakides I, Agathos SN. White roth fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnol Adv 2003;22:161-87.10.1016/j.biotechadv.2003.08.01114623049Search in Google Scholar

Holme I. Sir William Henry Perkin: a review of his life, work and legacy. Color Technol 2006;122:235-51.10.1111/j.1478-4408.2006.00041.xSearch in Google Scholar

Anjaneyulu Y, Chary NS, Suman Raj DS. Decolourization of idustrial efflents - available methods and emerging technologies. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2005;4:245-73.10.1007/s11157-005-1246-zSearch in Google Scholar

Adedayo O, Javadpour S, Taylor C, Anderson WA, Moo-Young M. Decolourization and detoxification of methyl red by aerobic bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2004;20:545-50.10.1023/B:WIBI.0000043150.37318.5fSearch in Google Scholar

Stolz A. Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001;56:69-80.10.1007/s00253010068611499949Search in Google Scholar

Forgacs E, Cserháti T, Oros G. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ Int 2004;30:953-71.10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.00115196844Search in Google Scholar

Khalid A, Arshad M, Crowley DE. Accelerated decolorization of structurally different azo dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008;78:361-9.10.1007/s00253-007-1302-418084755Search in Google Scholar

Pandey A, Singh P, Iyengar L. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2007;59:73-84.10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.08.006Search in Google Scholar

Hunger K. Industrial Dyes-Chemistry, Properties, Applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2003.10.1002/3527602011Search in Google Scholar

Venkataraman K. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes. London: Academic Press; 1970.Search in Google Scholar

Griffiths J. Colour and Constitution of Organic Molecules. London: Academic Press; 1976.Search in Google Scholar

Zollinger H. Colour Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments. New York: Wiley-VCH; 1991.Search in Google Scholar

Cristóvão RO, Tavares AP, Ribeiro AS, Loureiro JM, Boaventura RA, Macedo EA. Kinetic modelling and simulation of laccase catalyzed degradation of reactive textile dyes. Bioresour Technol 2008;99:4768-74.10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.05917986393Search in Google Scholar

Bamforth SM, Singleton I. Bioremidiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2005;80:734-6.Search in Google Scholar

Yu Z, Wen X. Screening and identificaton of yeast for decolorizing synthetic dyes in industrial wastewater. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 2005;56:109-14.10.1016/j.ibiod.2005.05.006Search in Google Scholar

Eichlerová I, Homolka L, Benada O, Kofronová O, Hubálek T, Nerud F. Decolorization of Orange G and Remazol Brilliant Blue R by the white rot fungus Dichomitus squalens: Toxicological evaluation and morphological study. Chemosphere 2007;69:795-802.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.083Search in Google Scholar

Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent - a critical review on current treatment technologies witha a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol 2001;77:247-55.10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00080-8Search in Google Scholar

Slokar YM, Le Marechal M. Methods of decoloration of textile wastewaters. Dyes Pigm 1998;37:335-56.10.1016/S0143-7208(97)00075-2Search in Google Scholar

Edwards LC, Freman HS. Synthetic dyes based on environmental considerations. Part 3: Aquatic toxycity of iron-complexed dyes. Color Technol 2005;121:265-70.10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00284.xSearch in Google Scholar

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) of 18 December 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Pearce CI, Lloyd JR, Guthrie JT. The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes Pigm 2003;58:179-96.10.1016/S0143-7208(03)00064-0Search in Google Scholar

Vandervivere PC, Bianchi R, Verstraete W. Treatment and reuse of wastewater from the textile wet-processing industry: review of emerging technologies. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 1998;72:289-302.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199808)72:4<289::AID-JCTB905>3.0.CO;2-#Search in Google Scholar

Urra J, Sepúlveda L, Contreras E, Palma C. Screening of static culture and comparison of batch and continuos culture for the textile dye biological decolorization by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Braz J Chem Eng 2006;23:281-90.10.1590/S0104-66322006000300002Search in Google Scholar

Moosvi S, Keharia H, Madamwar D. Decolorization of textile dye Reactive Violet 5 by a newly isolated bacterial consortium RVM 11.1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;21:667-72.10.1007/s11274-004-3612-3Search in Google Scholar

Asgher M, Bhatti HN. Decolorization potential of mixed micribial consortia for reactive and disperse textile dyestuffs. Biodegradation 2007;18:311-6.10.1007/s10532-006-9065-7Search in Google Scholar

Ambrósio ST, Campos-Takaki GM. Decolorization of reactive azo dyes by Cunninghamella elegans UCP 542 under co-metabolic conditions. Bioresour Technol 2004;91:69-75.10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00153-6Search in Google Scholar

He F, Hu W, Li Y. Biodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of azo dye 4BS by a microbial consortium. Chemosphere 2004;57:293-301.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.03615312727Search in Google Scholar

Georgiou D, Melidis P, Aivasidis A. Use of a microbial sensor-inhibition effect of azo-reactive dyes on activated sludge. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2002;25:79-83.10.1007/s00449-002-0290-014505007Search in Google Scholar

Clarck BJ, Morris M. Wastewater Engineered, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. 3^rd ed. New York: Metcalf and Eddy Inc; 1991.Search in Google Scholar

Koprivanac N, Vujević D. Degradation of an azo dye by Fenton type processes assisted with UV irradiation. Int J Chem Reactor Eng 2007;5:A56.10.2202/1542-6580.1462Search in Google Scholar

Oakes J, Gratton P. Kinetic investigations of azo dye oxidation in aqueous media. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 1998;9:1857-64.10.1039/a803892iSearch in Google Scholar

Sandhya S, Padmavathy S, Swaminathan K, Subrahmanyam YV, Kaul SN. Microaerophilic-aerobic sequential batch reactor for treatment of azo dyes containing simulated wastewater. Process Biochem 2005;40:885-90.10.1016/j.procbio.2004.02.015Search in Google Scholar

Carey JH. An introduction to advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for destruction of organics in wastewater. Water Poll Res J Can 1992;27:1-21.10.2166/wqrj.1992.001Search in Google Scholar

Zheng H, Pan Y, Xiang X. Oxidation of acidic dye Eosin Y by the solar photo-Fenton processes. J Hazard Mater 2007;141:457-64.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.01817250960Search in Google Scholar

Rauf MA, Ashraf SS. Radiation induced degradation of dyes-an overview. J Hazard Mater 2009;166:6-16.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.04319128875Search in Google Scholar

Supaka N, Juntongjin K, Damronglerd S, Delia ML, Strehaiano P. Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic system. Chem Eng J 2004;99:169-76.10.1016/j.cej.2003.09.010Search in Google Scholar

Hong YG, Guo J, Xu Z, Mo C, Xu M, Sun G. Reduction and partial degradation mechanism of naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye amaranth by Shewanella decolordtionis S12. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007;75:647-54.10.1007/s00253-007-0838-7Search in Google Scholar

Kapdan IK, Kargi F, McMullan G, Marchant R. Effect of environmental conditions on biological decolorization of textile dye by C. versicolor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000;26:381-7.10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00168-4Search in Google Scholar

Novotný C, Rawal B, Bhatt M, Patel M, Šašek V, Molitoris HP. Capacity of Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreaus for decolorization of chemically different dyes. J Biotechnol 2001;89:113-22.10.1016/S0168-1656(01)00321-2Search in Google Scholar

Dafale N, Rao NN, Meshram SU, Wate SR. Decolorization of azo dyes and simulated dye bath wastewater using acclimatized microbial consortium - biostimulation and halo tolerance. Bioresour Technol 2008;99:2552-8.10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.044Search in Google Scholar

Sumathi S, Manju BS. Uptake of reactive textile dyes by Aspergillus foetidus. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000;27:347-55.10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00234-9Search in Google Scholar

Barragán BE, Costa C, Márquez MC. Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media. Dyes Pigm 2007;75:73-81.10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.05.014Search in Google Scholar

Tan NCG, Borger A, Slenders P, Svitelskaya A, Lettinga GH, Field JA. Degradation of azo dye Mordant Yellow 10 in a sequential anaerobic and bioaugmented aerobic bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 2000;42:337-44.10.2166/wst.2000.0533Search in Google Scholar

Yu J, Wang X, Yue PL. Optimal decolorization and kinetic modeling of synthetic dyes by Pseudomonas strains. Water Res 2001;35:3579-86.10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00100-2Search in Google Scholar

Cerliell CM, Barclay SJ, Naidoo N, Buckley CA, Mulholland DA, Seniore E. Microbial decolourisation of a reactive azo dye under anaerobic conditions. Water SA 1995;21:61-9.Search in Google Scholar

O'Neil C, Lopez A, Esteves S, Hawkes FR. Azo-dye degradation in an anaerobic-aerobic treatment system operating on simulated textile effluent. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000;53:249-54.10.1007/s002530050016Search in Google Scholar

Nyanhongo GS, Gomes J, Güubitz GM, Zvauya R, Read J, Steiner W. Decolorization of textile dyes by laccases from a newly isolated strain of Trametes modesta. Water Res 2002;36:1449-56.10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00365-7Search in Google Scholar

Kirby N, Marchant R, McMullan G. Decolourisation of synthetic textile dyes by Phlebia tremellosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000;188:93-6.10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09174.xSearch in Google Scholar

Banat IM, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R. Microbial decolorization of textile-dye containing effluents: a review. Bioresour Technol 1996;58:217-27.10.1016/S0960-8524(96)00113-7Search in Google Scholar

Cloete TE, Muyima NYO. Microbial Community Analysis: The Key to the Design of Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems. Scientific and Technical Teport no. 5. London; IWA Publishing; 1997.Search in Google Scholar

Jenkins D, Richard MG, Daigger GT. Manual on the Causes and Control of Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming. Michigan: Lewis Publishers Inc; 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Glancer Šoljan M, Ban S, Landeka Dragičević T, Šoljan V, Matić V. Granulated mixed microbial culture suggesting successful employment of bioaugmentation in the treatment of process wastewaters. Chem Biochem Eng Q 2001;15: 87-94.Search in Google Scholar

Elizalde-González MP, Fuentes-Ramirez LE, Guevara-Villa MRG. Degradation of immobilized azo dyes by Klebsiella sp. UAP-b5 isolated from maize bioadsorbent. J Hazard Mater 2009;161:769-74.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.02318499342Search in Google Scholar

Aivasidis A, Hochscherf H, Rottman G, Hagen T, Mertens MT, Reiners G, Wandrey C. Neuere konzepte zur Prozessüberwashung und -regellung bei der biologischen Stickstoffelimination [New concepts for process monitoring and control in biological nitrogen elimination, in German]. Abwassertech 1992;42:48-55.Search in Google Scholar

Silva IS, Grossman M, Durrant LR. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2-7 rings) under microaerobic and very-low-oxygen conditions by soil fungi. Int Biodeter Biodegr 2009;63:224-9.10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.09.008Search in Google Scholar

Mohanty S, Dafale N, Rao NN. Microbial decolorization of reactive black-5 in a two-stage anaerobic-aerobic reactor using aclimatized activated textile sludge. Biodegradation 2006;17:403-13.10.1007/s10532-005-9011-016477361Search in Google Scholar

Thompson IP, Gast CJ, Ciric L, Singer AC. Bioaugmentation for bioremidiation - the challenge of strain selection. Environ Microbiol 2005;7:909-15.10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00804.x15946288Search in Google Scholar

Khehra MS, Saini HS, Sharma DK, Chadha BS, Chimni SS. Decolorization of various azo dyes by bacterial consortium. Dyes Pigm 2005;67:55-61.10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.10.008Search in Google Scholar

Van Limbergen H, Top EM, Verstraete W. Bioaugmentation in activated sludge: current features and future perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1998;50:16-23.10.1007/s002530051250Search in Google Scholar