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Fig. 1

(a) Heteroclinic orbits of Eq. (10) for β = 0.1. (b) Kink solution for β = 0.1 corresponding to the marked heteroclinic orbit in (a). (c) The bright soliton solution 𝓤 corresponds to the kink obtained in (b)
(a) Heteroclinic orbits of Eq. (10) for β = 0.1. (b) Kink solution for β = 0.1 corresponding to the marked heteroclinic orbit in (a). (c) The bright soliton solution 𝓤 corresponds to the kink obtained in (b)

Fig. 2

Bright solitary waves for β = 0.3, ϕ0 = 0.5 and c = 2.5. (a) Profiles from Eq. (45) (solid curve) and the explicit solution given by Eq. (46) (dashed curve). (b) Homoclinic orbits from Eq. (45) (solid curve) and Eq. (46) (dashed curve).
Bright solitary waves for β = 0.3, ϕ0 = 0.5 and c = 2.5. (a) Profiles from Eq. (45) (solid curve) and the explicit solution given by Eq. (46) (dashed curve). (b) Homoclinic orbits from Eq. (45) (solid curve) and Eq. (46) (dashed curve).

Fig. 3

Characteristic curves of the minimum speed c0 for positive bright solitary solutions, in terms of (a) β and (b) ϕ0, calculated from Eq. (53).
Characteristic curves of the minimum speed c0 for positive bright solitary solutions, in terms of (a) β and (b) ϕ0, calculated from Eq. (53).

Fig. 4

Plot of the depth of resection b versus the recurrence time t for different values of the proliferation rate: ρ = 1/5 (blue solid line), ρ = 1/4 (green dashed line) and ρ = 1/3 (red dotted-dashed line).
Plot of the depth of resection b versus the recurrence time t for different values of the proliferation rate: ρ = 1/5 (blue solid line), ρ = 1/4 (green dashed line) and ρ = 1/3 (red dotted-dashed line).
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Life Sciences, other, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, Physics