<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_sjph-2016-0013_s_403_w2aab3b8c19b1b7b1aab1c15b1Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values for a balanced diet.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjph-2016-0013_s_404_w2aab3b8c19b1b7b1aab1c15b2Aa"><h3>Subjects/Methods</h3><p>40 women with CD, aged from 23 to 76 participated in our study. Total daily intake was assessed by a three-day food diary. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Considering physical activity level (PAL) 1.4, the recommended total energy expenditure (TEE) value was determined. The data was evaluated with professional evaluation software Prodi and statistically analysed.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjph-2016-0013_s_406_w2aab3b8c19b1b7b1aab1c15b3Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>40 participants returned the food diary. The average energy intake was significantly too low to ensure the meeting of all-day energy needs (p&lt;0.05). The meals contained a recommended proportion of protein, but a statistically significantly higher proportion of fat (p&lt;0.05), lower proportion of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of dietary fibre (p&lt;0.05). Regarding macro-, micro- elements and vitamins, there was a significant lack in the intake of calcium and iodine, folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A (p&lt;0.05), meanwhile iron intake was at the lower limit of the recommended intake, whereas zinc, potassium and vitamin K intake were significantly higher according to the recommended values, but were comparable with the intake of the general population in the Central European area.</p></sec><sec id="j_sjph-2016-0013_s_407_w2aab3b8c19b1b7b1aab1c15b4Aa"><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Even in subjects with adequate or low daily energy intake, their meals contained too much fat, too few carbohydrates and dietary fibre as well as inorganic substances. The patients with CD should get regular nutritional monitoring and education on the quality and balance of a gluten-free diet.</p></sec></abstract>

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values for a balanced diet.Subjects/Methods40 women with CD, aged from 23 to 76 participated in our study. Total daily intake was assessed by a three-day food diary. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Considering physical activity level (PAL) 1.4, the recommended total energy expenditure (TEE) value was determined. The data was evaluated with professional evaluation software Prodi and statistically analysed.Results40 participants returned the food diary. The average energy intake was significantly too low to ensure the meeting of all-day energy needs (p<0.05). The meals contained a recommended proportion of protein, but a statistically significantly higher proportion of fat (p<0.05), lower proportion of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of dietary fibre (p<0.05). Regarding macro-, micro- elements and vitamins, there was a significant lack in the intake of calcium and iodine, folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A (p<0.05), meanwhile iron intake was at the lower limit of the recommended intake, whereas zinc, potassium and vitamin K intake were significantly higher according to the recommended values, but were comparable with the intake of the general population in the Central European area.ConclusionEven in subjects with adequate or low daily energy intake, their meals contained too much fat, too few carbohydrates and dietary fibre as well as inorganic substances. The patients with CD should get regular nutritional monitoring and education on the quality and balance of a gluten-free diet.

Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia

University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Izola,

University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor,

Slovenian Journal of Public Health

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

PREHRANSKI VNOS ODRASLIH BOLNIC S CELIAKIJO V SLOVENIJI

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values...

	Age [years]	Body weight [kg]	Body height [cm]	BMI [kg/m²]	RMR [kJ/day]	Total daily energy intake [kJ/day]	% total daily energy intake according to RMR [%]
Average	51.6	66.4	165	24.3	5669	6823	121.7
(min – max)	(23 – 76)	(41 – 109)	(152 – 174)	(17.3 – 38.2)	(4703 – 7492)	(3868 – 11093)	(64.1 – 220.8)
Recommended values according to the Reference values for nutrient intake (D-A-CH) for the Basal metabolic rate - BMR and TEE of the average values according to the age structure of participants in the survey (10). Recommended intake or the estimated value				18.5–24.9	5442 Recommended values according to the Reference values for nutrient intake (D-A-CH) for the Basal metabolic rate - BMR and TEE of the average values according to the age structure of participants in the survey (10).	7535–7953 Recommended values according to the Reference values for nutrient intake (D-A-CH) for the Basal metabolic rate - BMR and TEE of the average values according to the age structure of participants in the survey (10).	140 For the recommended TEE, factors for physical activity PAL 1.4 were taken into account.
The difference of the average value of the recommended intake. The difference was considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Sig. (p<0.05)					0.017	0.024

Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia

Article Category: Original scientific article

Published Online: Feb 11, 2016

Page range: 96 - 103

Received: Feb 16, 2015

Accepted: Nov 13, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0013

Keywords
coeliac disease, dietary intake, gluten, gluten-free diet

© National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

The characteristics of participants and the calculated RMR, TEE and energy content of meals consumed in an average day.

Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia

Article Category: Original scientific article

Published Online: Feb 11, 2016

Page range: 96 - 103

Received: Feb 16, 2015

Accepted: Nov 13, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0013

Keywordscoeliac disease, dietary intake, gluten, gluten-free diet

© National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

The characteristics of participants and the calculated RMR, TEE and energy content of meals consumed in an average day.

Keywords
coeliac disease, dietary intake, gluten, gluten-free diet