[BEEKMAN, M. and F. L. W. RATNIEKS (2000): Long range foraging by the honey-bee, Apis mellifera L. Funct. Ecol. 14, 490-496.]Search in Google Scholar
[BERG, E. E. and J. L. HAMRICK (1997): Quantification of genetic diversity at allozyme loci. Can. J. For. Res. 27, 415-424.]Search in Google Scholar
[BINDER, M. (2010): Morphologische und lichtökologische Untersuchungen an einem Wildapfelvorkommen (Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL.) im unteren Osterzgebirge. Diplom - arbeit TU Dresden, Fak. Forst-, Geo- & Hydro - wissenschaften, Institut für Waldbau und Forstschutz.]Search in Google Scholar
[BINDER, M., I. WAGNER und S. WAGNER (2011): Lichtökologische und morphologische Untersuchungen an Wild- Apfel (Malus sylvestris [L.] MILL., Rosaceae). Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. (MDDG) 96, 119-124.]Search in Google Scholar
[BLE (BUNDESANSTALT FÜR LANDWIRTSCHAFT UND ERNÄHRUNG) (2013): Erfassung und Dokumentation genetischer Ressourcen seltener und gefährdeter Baum - arten in Deutschland. Teillos 2: Wild-Apfel (Malus sylvestris) und Wild-Birne (Pyrus pyraster). Eberswalde: Landeskompetenzzentrum Forst. http://www.ble.de/DE/08_Service/03_Pressemitteilungen/2013/130425_Wildapfel.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[BRÄUER, G. und B. KRUMMHAAR (2004): 25 Jahre UNESCO-Biosphärenreservat Flusslandschaft Mittlere Elbe. Augenblick - Zeitung für das Biosphärenreservat 1 (8), 4-5.]Search in Google Scholar
[CHEVREAU, E. and F. LAURENS (1987): The pattern of inheritance in apple (Malus × domestica BORKH.): further results from leaf isozyme analysis. Theor Appl Genet 75, 90-95.10.1007/BF00249147]Search in Google Scholar
[COART, E., X. VEKEMANS, M. J. M. SMULDERS, I. WAGNER, J. HUYLENBROECK, E. BOCKSTAELE and I. ROLDÁNRUIZ (2003): Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers. Mol. Ecol. 12, 845-857.10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x]Search in Google Scholar
[COART, E., S. VAN GLABEKE, M. DE LOOSE, A. S. LARSEN and I. ROLDAN-RUIZ (2006): Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus: new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL.) and the domesticated apple (Malus domestica BORKH.). Molecular Ecology 15, 2171-2182.10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02924.x]Search in Google Scholar
[CORNILLE, A., P. GLADIEUX, M. J. M. SMULDERS, I. ROLDANRUIZ, F. LAURENS et al. (2012): New Insight into the History of Domesticated Apple: Secondary Contribution of the European Wild Apple to the Genome of Cultivated Varieties. PLoS Genet 8, 1-13.10.1371/journal.pgen.1002703]Search in Google Scholar
[CRESSWELL, L. E. (1997): Spatial heterogeneity, pollinator behaviour and pollinator-mediated gene flow: bumblebee movements in variously aggregated rows of oil-seed rape. Oikos 78, 546-556.10.2307/3545616]Search in Google Scholar
[DICKSON, E. E., S. KRESOVICH and N. F. WEEDEN (1991): Isozymes in North American Malus (Rosaceae): Hybridization and Species Differentiation. Systematic Botany 16 (2), 363-375.10.2307/2419286]Search in Google Scholar
[ELLSTRAND, N. C. (2003): Current knowledge of gene flow in plants: implications for transgene flow. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 358, 1163-1170.]Search in Google Scholar
[EVANNO, G., S. REGNAUT and J. GOUDET (2005): Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Molecular Ecology 14, 2611-2620.10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x]Search in Google Scholar
[FINKELDEY, R. und P. BONFILS (2001): Genetische Variation in Eichenbeständen (Quercus spp.) der Schweiz. Tagungsbericht zur 24. Internationalen Tagung der AG für Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung. Sächsische Landesanstalt für Forsten, Pirna, 203-211.]Search in Google Scholar
[FINKELDEY, R. (2001): Genetic Variation of Oaks (Quercus spp.) in Switzerland. 2. Genetic Structures in “Pure” and “Mixed” Forests of Pedunculate Oak (Q. robur L.) and Sessile Oak (Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Silvae Genetica 50, 22-30.]Search in Google Scholar
[FISCHER, M. (1995): Farbatlas Obstsorten. Ulmer. ISBN 3-8001-5542-7.]Search in Google Scholar
[FORSLINE, P. L., H. S. ALDWINCKLE, E. E. DICKSON, J. J. LUBY and S. C. HOKANSON (2003): Collection, Maintenance, Characterization and Utilization of Wild Apples of Central Asia. In: J. JANICK et al. (eds.): Wild apple and fruit trees of Central Asia. Hort. Rev. - Wiley. New York 29, 1-61.]Search in Google Scholar
[GILLET, E. M. (2010): GSED - “Genetic structures from electrophoresis data”. User’s manual. Version 1.1h - Aug.’01. Institute of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Göttingen, Germany. http://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/95607.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[GREGORIUS, H.-R. (1987): The relationship between the concepts of genetic diversity and differentiation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 74, 397-401.]Search in Google Scholar
[HAMRICK, J. L., M. J. W. GODT and S. L. SHERMAN-BROYLES (1992): Factors influencing genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forests 6, 95-124.10.1007/BF00120641]Search in Google Scholar
[HARRIS, S. A., J. P. ROBINSON and B. E. JUNIPER (2002): Genetic clues to the origin of the apple. Trends in Genetics 18, 426-430.10.1016/S0168-9525(02)02689-6]Search in Google Scholar
[HARRISON, N. and R. J. HARRISON (2011): On the evolutionary history of the domesticated apple. Nat Genet 43, 1043-1044.10.1038/ng.93522030602]Search in Google Scholar
[HATTEMER, H. H., F. BERGMANN und M. ZIEHE (1993): Einführung in die Genetik für Studierende der Forstwissenschaft. J.D. Sauerländer’s Verlag, Frankfurt am Main.]Search in Google Scholar
[HATTEMER, H. H. und H.-R. GREGORIUS (1993): Genetische Anforderungen an Maßnahmen zur Arterhaltung. Forstarchiv 64, 44-49.]Search in Google Scholar
[HEINZE, B. (1997): A PCR Marker for a Population deltoides allele and its use in studying introgression with native European Populus nigra. Belgian Journal of Botany 129, 123-130.]Search in Google Scholar
[HERZOG, S. (1998): Genetische Strukturen mitteleuro - päischer Stieleichen- (Quercus robur) und Trauben - eichenpopulationen (Quercus petraea) sowie deren Bedeutung im Rahmen waldbaulicher Entscheidungen. Habilitationsschrift, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen.]Search in Google Scholar
[HOKANSON, S. C., J. R. MCFERSON, P. L. FORSLINE, W. F. LAMBOY, J. J. LUBY, A. D. DJANGALIEV and H. S. ALDWINCKLE (1997): Collection and Managing Wild Malus Germplasm in its Center of Diversity. HortScience, Vol. 32(2), 173-176.10.21273/HORTSCI.32.2.173]Search in Google Scholar
[JOLIVET, C., A. M. HÖLTKEN, H. LIESEBACH, W. STEINER and B. DEGEN (2011): Spatial genetic structure in wild cherry (Prunus avium L.): I. variation among natural populations of different density. Tree Genetics & Genomes 7: 271-283.10.1007/s11295-010-0330-x]Search in Google Scholar
[KJÆR, E. D., W. AMAREL, A. YANCHUK and L. GRAUDAL (2004): Strategies for conservation of forest genetic resources. In: FAO, FLD, IPGRI (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation, management. Vol 1: overview, concepts, systematic approaches. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, pp 5-24.]Search in Google Scholar
[KLEINSCHMIT, J. R. G., B. HOSIUS und L. LEINEMANN (2012): Gefährdung von Wildapfelsamenplantagen durch Genfluss. Forstarchiv 83 (1), 19-25.]Search in Google Scholar
[KONNERT, M. und M. BAUER (2001): Auswirkungen von Durchforstungen auf die genetische Struktur von Beständen am Beispiel der Fichte (Jungdurchforstung) und Buche (Altdurchforstung). Tagungsbericht, Sächsische Landesanstalt für Forsten, 151-157.]Search in Google Scholar
[KORBAN, S. S. (1986): Interspecific hybridization in Malus. HortSience 21, 41-48.10.21273/HORTSCI.21.1.41b]Search in Google Scholar
[KOWNATZKI, D. (2002): Asexuelle und sexuelle Reproduktion bei der Vogelkirsche (Prunus avium L.). Disser - tation der Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Wald - ökologie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. http://webdoc.sub.gwd.de/diss/2002/kownatzki/index.html.]Search in Google Scholar
[KUGLER, H. (1970): Blütenökologie. 2. Aufl. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.]Search in Google Scholar
[KUTZELNIGG, H. (1995): Malus. In: HEGI, G.: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. IV, Teil 2B, 298-328.]Search in Google Scholar
[LAMBOY, W. F., J. YU, P. L. FORSLINE and N. F. WEEDEN (1996): Partitioning of allozyme diversity in wild populations in Malus sieversii L. and implications for germplasm collections. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121, 982-987.]Search in Google Scholar
[LARSEN, A. S., C. B. ASMUSSEN, E. COART, D. C. OLRIK and E. D. KJÆR (2006): Hybridization and genetic variation in Danish populations of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris). Tree Genet. Genom. 2, 86-97.]Search in Google Scholar
[LARSEN, A. S., M. JENSEN and E. D. KJÆR (2008): Crossability between wild (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated (M. × domestica) apples. Silvae Genetica 57, 3, 127-130.10.1515/sg-2008-0019]Search in Google Scholar
[LARSEN, A. S. and E. D. KJÆR (2009): Pollen mediated gene flow in a native population of Malus sylvestris and its implication for contemporary gene conservation management. Conserv Genet 10, 1637-1646.10.1007/s10592-008-9713-z]Search in Google Scholar
[LEINEMANN, L. (1996): Genetic Differentiation of Damaged and Healthy Douglas-Fir Stands in Rheinland-Pfalz with Respect to Their Origin. Silvae Genetica 45, 250-256.]Search in Google Scholar
[LEINEMANN, L., B. HOSIUS and H.-P. SCHMITT (2001): Genetische Untersuchungen zur Früherkennung ungeeigneter Douglasienbestände. Tagungsbericht, Sächsische Landesanstalt für Forsten, 216-222.]Search in Google Scholar
[LEINEMANN, L., B. HOSIUS and W. STEINER (2012): Hasel: Genetische Analysen stützen ausgewiesene Vorkommensgebiete. TASPO 1 (47).]Search in Google Scholar
[LEINEMANN, L., W. STEINER, B. HOSIUS, O. KUCHMA, W. ARENHÖVEL, B. FUSSI, B. HAASE, R. KÄTZEL, M. ROGGE, R. FINKELDEY (2012): Genetic variation of chloroplast and nuclear markers in natural populations of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Germany. Plant Syst Evol 298, DOI 10.1007/s00606-012-0727-0.]Search in Google Scholar
[MALIEPAARD, C., F. H. ALSTON, G. VAN ARKEL, L. M. BROWN, E. CHEVREAU, F. DUNEMANN, K. M. EVANS, S. GARDINER, P. GUILFORD, A.W. VAN HEUSDEN, J. JANSE, F. LAURENS, J. R. LYNN, A. G. MANGANARIS, A. P. M. DEN NIJS, N. PERIAM, E. RIKKERINK, P. ROCHE, C. RYDER, S. SANSAVINI, H. SCHMIDT, S. TARTARINI, J. J. VERHAEGH, M. VRIELINK-VAN GINKEL and G. J. KING (1998): Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila MILL.) using multi-allelic markers. Theor Appl Genet 97, 60-73.10.1007/s001220050867]Search in Google Scholar
[MANGANARIS, A. G. and F. H. ALSTON (1987): Inheritance and linkage relationships of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isoenzymes in apple. 1. The gene GOT-1, a marker for the S incompatibility locus. Theor Appl Genet 74, 154-161.10.1007/BF0029009824241471]Search in Google Scholar
[MARIETTE, S., M. LEFRANC, P. LEGRAND, D. TANEYHILL, N. FRASCARIA-LACOSTE and N. MACHON (1997): Genetic variability in wild cherry populations in France. Effects of colonizing processes. Theor Appl Genet 94, 904-908.10.1007/s001220050494]Search in Google Scholar
[MICHELETTI, D., M. TROGGIO, F. SALAMINI, R. VIOLA, R. VELASCO et al. (2011): On the evolutionary history of the domesticated apple. Nat Genet 43, 1044-1045. MORGAN, J. and A. RICHARDS (1993): The book of apples. Ebury Press, London.10.1038/ng.983]Search in Google Scholar
[MÜLLER-STARCK, G. (1991): Survey of genetic variation as inferred from enzyme gene marker. In: (MÜLLER-STARCK, G. & ZIEHE, M. eds.) Genetic Variation in European populations of forest trees. Sauerländer’s Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 20-37.]Search in Google Scholar
[MÜLLER-STARCK, G. (1996): Beiträge der Forstgenetik zur nachhaltigen Waldbewirtschaftung. In: MÜLLER-STARCK (Hrsg.): Biodiversität und nachhaltige Forstwirtschaft. Ecomed, Landsberg.]Search in Google Scholar
[PRITCHARD, J. K., M. STEPHENS and P. DONNELLY (2000): Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155, 945-959.10.1093/genetics/155.2.945146109610835412]Search in Google Scholar
[PRITCHARD, J. K., X. WEN and D. FALUSH (2007): Documentation for structure software: Version 2.2; http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/software.]Search in Google Scholar
[RASPE, O. and A.-L. JACQUEMART (1998): Allozyme diversity and genetic structure of European populations of Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae:Maloideae). Heredity 81, 537-545.10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00416.x]Search in Google Scholar
[REIM, S., A. PROFT, S. HEINZ and M. HÖFER (2012): Diversity of the European indigenous wild apple Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL. in the East Ore Mountains (Osterzgebirge), Germany: I. Morphological characterization. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59, 1101-1114.]Search in Google Scholar
[REIM, S., A. PROFT, S. HEINZ and M. HÖFER (2013): Conservation measures for Malus sylvestris in the East Ore Mountains, Germany. Forstarchiv 84, 144-151.]Search in Google Scholar
[REMMY, K. und F. GRUBER (1993): Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung und Morphologie des Wild-Apfels (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.). Mitt. Dtsch. Dendrol. Ges. 81, 71-94.]Search in Google Scholar
[ROBINSON, J. P., S. A. HARRIS and B. E. JUNIPER (2001): Taxonomy of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) with emphasis on the cultivated apple, Malus × domestica Borkh. Plant Systematic and Evolution 226, 35-58.10.1007/s006060170072]Search in Google Scholar
[SANDER, T., S. KÖNIG, G. M. ROTHE, A. JANßEN and H. WEISGERBER (2000): Genetic variation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along an altitudinal transect at mount Vogelsberg in Hesse, Germany. Molecular Ecology 9, 1349-1361.10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01014.x10972774]Search in Google Scholar
[SANDER, T., G. M. ROTHE, H. WEISGERBER and A. JANßEN (2001): Allelic and genotypic variation of 13 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) - populations in Hesse, Germany. Forest Genetics 8 (1), 13-24.]Search in Google Scholar
[SCHMIDT, P. A. (2006): Bäume und Sträucher Kaukasiens. Teil 5: Laubgehölze der Familien Ranunculaceae (Hahnenfußgewächse) bis Rutaceae (Rautengewächse). MDDG 91, 21-56.]Search in Google Scholar
[STEFFAN-DEWENTER, I. and A. KUHN (2003): Honeybee foraging in differentially structured landscapes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 270, 569-575.]Search in Google Scholar
[STEPHAN, B. R., I. WAGNER and J. KLEINSCHMIT (2003): EUFORGEN Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use for wild apple and pear (Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster), International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.]Search in Google Scholar
[VANDEN BROECK A., V. STORME, J. E. COTTRELL, W. BOERJAN, E. VAN BOCKSTAELE, P. QUATAERT and J. VAN SLYCKEN (2004): Gene flow between cultivated poplars and native black poplar (Populus nigra L.): a case study along the river Meuse on the Dutch-Belgian border. For Ecol Manage 197, 307-310.10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.021]Search in Google Scholar
[VELASCO, R., A. ZHARKIKH, J. AFFOURTIT, A. DHINGRA, A. CESTARO et al. (2010): The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica BORKH.). Nat Genet 42, 833-839.10.1038/ng.65420802477]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I. (1996): Zusammenstellung morphologischer Merkmale und ihrer Ausprägungen zur Unterscheidung von Wild- und Kulturformen des Apfel- (Malus) und des Birnbaumes (Pyrus). Mitt. Dtsch. Dendrol. Ges. 82, 87-108.]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I. (2005): Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL. In: (Hrsg. SCHÜTT, WEISGERBER, LANG, ROLOFF, STIMM) Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse. 42. Erg Lfg. 12/05, Kap. III-2, 1-16, Ecomed Biowissenschaften.]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I. (2008): Genetische Analysen an Wild-Äpfeln im Biospärenreservat Mittelelbe. In: (Hrsg. Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt) Berichte des Landesamtes für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt. Sonderheft 2, 29-36. http://www.sachsen-anhalt.de/fileadmin/Elementbibliothek/Bibliothek_Politik_und_Verwaltung/Bibliothek_LAU/Wir_ueber_uns/Publikationen/Sonderhefte_der_Berichte_des_LAU/Dateien/Foerderung_von_Wildobst_und_Feld-Ulme.pdf.]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I. (2011): Assessing the distance to cultivation in wild fruit - Example Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL. In: (Hrsg. MAURER und HAASE) Holzproduktion auf forstgenetischer Grundlage im Hinblick auf Klima - wandel und Rohstoffverknappung. Mitt. FAWF RP 69, 187-194. [in German, English abstract] http://www.wald-rlp.de/fileadmin/website/fawfseiten/fawf/downloads/Mitteilungen/Mitteilung_69-11.pdf.]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I. and N. F. WEEDEN (2000): Isozymes in Malus sylvestris, Malus domestica and in related Malus species. Acta Hort. 538, 51-56.10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.538.3]Search in Google Scholar
[WAGNER, I., H. P. SCHMITT, W. MAURER and U. TABEL (2004): Isozyme Polymorphism and Genetic Structure of Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL. Native in Western Areas of Germany with Respect to Malus × domestica BORKH. XIth EUCARPIA Symp. On Fruit Breed. & Genetics (Eds. F. LAURENS und K. EVANS) 1.- 5.9.2003 in Angers. Acta Hort. 663, 545-550.10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.663.95]Search in Google Scholar
[WEEDEN, N. F. (1984): Distinguishing among white seeded bean cultivars by means of allozyme genotypes. Euphytica 33, 199-208.10.1007/BF00022766]Search in Google Scholar
[WEEDEN, N. F. and R. C. LAMB (1985): Identification of apple cultivars by isozyme phenotypes, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110, 509-515.]Search in Google Scholar
[WEEDEN, N. F. and R. C. LAMB (1987): Genetics and linkage analysis of 19 isozyme loci in apple, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112, 865-872.]Search in Google Scholar
[WENDEL, J. F. and N. F. WEEDEN (1989): Visualization and interpretation of plant isozymes, 5-45. In: SOLTIS, D. E.; SOLTIS, P. S. (eds.): Isozymes in plant biology, Chapman& Hall, London.10.1007/978-94-009-1840-5_2]Search in Google Scholar
[ZANETTO, A., G. ROUSSEL and A. KREMER (1994): Geographic variation of inter-specific differentiation between Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Forest Genetics 1, 111-123.]Search in Google Scholar