Bio-economic Modelling as a Method for Determining Economic Weights for Optimal Multiple-Trait Tree Selection

AIMERS-HALLIDAY, J., C. J. A. SHELBOURNE and S. O. HONG (1997): Issues in developing clonal forestry with Pinus radiata. In: R. BURDON and MOORE, J. M. (eds.). Proceedings of IUFRO’97 Genetics of Radiata Pine, Rotorua, NZ, 1-4 December, 1997. FRI Bulletin No. 203. p. 264-272.Search in Google Scholar

AMER, P. R. (1994): Economic theory and breeding objectives. In: “5th World Congress Genetics Applied to Livestock Production”. pp. 197-204.Search in Google Scholar

AMER, P. R., G. C. FOX and C. SMITH (1994): Economic weights from profit equations: appraising their accuracy in the long run. Animal Production 58: 11-18.Search in Google Scholar

APIOLAZA, L. A. and B. L. GREAVES (2001): Why are most breeders not using economic breeding objectives? In: IUFRO Symposium “Developing the Eucalypt for the Future”. 10-14 September, 2001, Valdivia, Chile.Search in Google Scholar

APIOLAZA, L. A. and D. J. GARRICK (2001): Breeding objectives for three silvicultural regimes of radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 654-662.10.1139/x00-200Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

AUBRY, C. A., W. T. ADAMS and T. D. FAHEY (1998): Determination of relative economic weights for multitrait selection in coastal Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28(8): 1164-1170.10.1139/x98-084Search in Google Scholar

BHATI, U. N. (2000): Rents for plantation land leases. Market Report 13. Department of Forestry, The Australian National University, Canberra available on website: www.anu.edu.au/Forestry/info/marketreport/index.html.Search in Google Scholar

BAKER, R. J. (1986): Selection Indices in Plant Breeding. CRC Press, Florida. 218 p.Search in Google Scholar

BARNES, R. D. (1994): The seedling orchard in the multiple population breeding strategy. Silvae Genetica 44(2-3): 81-88.Search in Google Scholar

BEAUREGARD, R., R. GAZO, M. KIMBERLY, J. TURNER, S. MITCHELL and T. SHELBOURNE (1997): Genotype variation in radiate pine random width board quality. In: S.Y. ZHANG, R. GOSSELIN and G. CHAURET. Proceedings of the 26th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association and International Workshop on Wood Quality (CTIA/IUFRO) “Timber Management Toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value”, August 1997, Quebec City. pp IV 53-62.Search in Google Scholar

BEAUREGARD, R. L., R. GAZO and R. BALL (2002): Grade recovery, value, and return to log for the production of NZ visual grades (cuttings and framing) and Australian machine stress grades. Wood and Fiber Science 34: 485-502.Search in Google Scholar

BIER, H. (1986): Bending properties of structural timber from a 28-year-old stand of New Zealand Pinus Radiata. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 22(2/3): 160-186.Search in Google Scholar

BOOKER, R. (1997): Stiffness testing of standing trees. In: B. G. Ridoutt (ed.) Proceedings 2nd New Zealand Wood Quality Workshop, September 12, 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 202. p. 5-6.Search in Google Scholar

BORRALHO, N. M. G., P. P. COTTERILL and P. J. KANOWSKI (1993): Breeding objectives for pulp production of Eucalyptus globulus under different industrial cost structures. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 648-656.10.1139/x93-085Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

BRASCAMP, E. W., C. SMITH and D. R. GUY (1985): Derivation of economic weights from profit equations. Animal Production 40: 175-180.10.1017/S0003356100031986Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

BRIDGWATER, F. E. and R. W. STONECYPHER (1979): Index selection for volume and straightness in a loblolly pine population. In: Proceedings 15th South Forest Tree Improvement Conference, June 19-21, Mississippi State, MS. p 132-139.Search in Google Scholar

BURDON, R. D. (1990): Implications of non-linear economic weights for breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79(1): 65-71.10.1007/BF0022378824226121Search in Google Scholar

BYRAM, T. D., J. H. MYSZEWSKI, D. P. GWAZE and W. J. LOWE (2005): Improving wood quality in the western gulf forest tree improvement program: the problem of multiple breeding objectives. Tree Genetics and Genomes 1: 85-92.10.1007/s11295-005-0017-xSearch in Google Scholar

CARSON M. J. (1988): Long-internode or multinodal radiata pine? - a financial analysis. FRI Bulletin No. 115, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand, 25 pp.Search in Google Scholar

CARSON, S. D., O. GARCIA and J. D. HAYES (1999): Realised gain and prediction of yield with genetically improved Pinus radiata in New Zeland. Forest Science 45(2): 186-200.Search in Google Scholar

CARTER, P. (2007): Breeding for wood quality - acoustic tools and technology for the tree breeder. In: Proceedings to Australasian Forest Genetics Conference, “Breeding for Wood Quality”, 11-14 April 2007, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.Search in Google Scholar

CATCHPOOLE, K. J., M. R. NESTER and K. HARDING (2007): Predicting wood value in Quinsland Caribbean pineplantations using decision support system. Australian Forestry 70(2): 120-124.10.1080/00049158.2007.10675010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

CHAMBERS, P. G. S. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1997): Importance of survival in short rotation tree breeding programs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27(6): 911-917.10.1139/x96-215Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

CHAMBERS, P. G. S. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1999): A simple model to examine the impact of changes in wood traits on the costs of thermomechanical pulping and high-brightness newsprint production with radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1-12.10.1139/x99-127Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

CHAMBERS, P. G. S. (2000): Radiata: An Economic Breeding Objective. University of Tasmania PhD Thesis. 347 p.Search in Google Scholar

COTTERILL, P. P. and N. JACKSON (1985): On index selection I. Methods of determining economic weight. Silvae Genet. 34(2-3): 56-63.Search in Google Scholar

COTTERILL, P. P. and C. A. DEAN (1988): Changes in the genetic control of growth of radiata pine to 6-years and efficiencies of early selection. Silvae Genetica 37: 138-146.Search in Google Scholar

COTTERILL, P. P. and C. A. DEAN (1990): Successful tree breeding with index selection. CSIRO, Australia, Melbourne.Search in Google Scholar

COWN D. J. (1992): Radiata pine and Douglas fir suitability for processing. New Zealand Forest Research Institute FRI Bulletin No. 168.Search in Google Scholar

COWN, D. and L. VAN WYK (2004): Profitable wood processing - what does it require? Good wood! New Zealand Journal of Forestry 49(1): 10-15.Search in Google Scholar

COWN, D. J., D. L. MCCONCHIE and C. TRELOAR (1984): Timber recovery from pruned Pinus radiata butt logs at mangatu: Effect of log sweep. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 14(1): 109-123.Search in Google Scholar

COWN, D. J., B. WALFORD and M. O. KIMBERLEY (1996a): Cross-grain effect on tensile strength and bending stiffness of Pinus radiata structural lumber. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(2): 256-262.Search in Google Scholar

COWN, D. J., A. N. HASLETT, M. O. KIMBERLEY and M. MCCONCHIE (1996b): The influence of wood quality on lumber drying distortion. Annales des Sciences Forestieres 53: 1177-1188.10.1051/forest:19960611Search in Google Scholar

COWN, D. J., J. HERBERT and R. BALL (1999): Modelling Pinus radiata lumber characteristics. Part 1: Mechanical properties of small clears. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 29(2): 203-213.Search in Google Scholar

CUBBAGE, F. W. (1990): Economic impacts of southern pine wood quality changes. USDA For Serv Southeast For. Exp. Sta. Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-63, p. 57-70.Search in Google Scholar

DANUSEVICIUS, D. and D. LINDGREN (2005): Optimization of breeding population size for long-term breeding. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20(1): 18-25.10.1080/02827580410019517Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

DAQUITAINE, R., L. SAINT-ANDRÉ and J. M. LEBAN (1999): Modelling the boards properties distribution for a forest stand. Analysis of propagation of errors in the simulation process. Application in Norway Spruce (Picea abiesSearch in Google Scholar

Karst.). In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 “Connection between silviculture and wood quality through modeling approaches and simulation software”, La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

DEAN, C., D. G. NIKLES and K. J. HARDING (1988): Estimates of genetic parameters and gains expected from selection in hoop pine in south-east Queensland. Silvae Genetica 37: 243-247.Search in Google Scholar

DEKKERS, J. C. M. and J. P. GIBSON (1998): Applying breeding objectives to dairy cattle improvement. Journal of Dairy Science 81(2): 19-35.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)70151-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

DIAZ-BALTEIRO, L. and C. ROMERO (2008): Making forestry decisions with multiple criteria: A review and an assessment. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3222-3241.10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.038Search in Google Scholar

DICKERSON, G. E. (1978): Efficiency of animal production - molding the biological components. Journal of Animal Science 30: 849-859.10.2527/jas1970.306849xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

DONALDSON, L. (1995): Microfibril angle - Its influence on wood properties, and prospects for improvement in Radiata pine. In: Wood Quality Workshop 95. Edited by: KLITSCHER, K., COWN, D. and DONALDSON, L., New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 201, p. 20-25.Search in Google Scholar

DUTKOWSKI, G.W., T. A. Mc RAE, M. B. POWELL, D. J. PILBEAM, K. JOYCE, B. TIER and R. J. KERR (2006): Benefits from Data and Pedigree Integration in Genetic Evaluation. “Breeding for Success: Diversity in Action” In: C. F. MERCER (ed). Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand 18-21 April 2006. pp. 273-278.Search in Google Scholar

EMROUZNEJAD, A. (1995): Data Envelopment Analysis Home Page. Available at: http://www.DEAzone.com. Accessed: 5/7/2008Search in Google Scholar

FOSTER, G. S. (1986): Trends in genetic parameters with stand development and their influence on early selection for volume growth in loblolly pine. Forest Science 32(4): 944-959.Search in Google Scholar

GAPARE, W. J., H. X. WU and A. ABARQUEZ (2006): Genetic control of the time of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Pinus radiata D. Don. Annals of Forest Science 63(8): 871-878.10.1051/forest:2006070Search in Google Scholar

GIBSON, J. P. and B. W. KENNEDY (1990): The use of constrained selection indexes in breeding for economic merit. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80: 801-805.10.1007/BF00224195Search in Google Scholar

GODDARD, M. E. (1983): Selection indices for non-linear profit functions. Theortical and Applied Genetics 64: 339-344.10.1007/BF00274177Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

GODDARD, M. E. (1998): Consensus and debate in the definition of breeding objectives. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 6-18.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)70150-XSearch in Google Scholar

GRANT, D. J., A. ANTON and P. LIND (1984): Bending strength, stiffness, and stress-grade of structural Pinus radiata: effect of knots and timber density. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 14(3): 331-348.Search in Google Scholar

GREAVES, B. L. (1999): The value of tree improvement: a case study in radiate pine grown for structural timber and liner-board. In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 “Connection between silviculture and wood quality through modeling approaches and simulation software”, La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

GREAVES, B. L. and N. M. G. BORRALHO (1996): The influence of basic density and pulp-yield on the cost of eucalypt kraft pulping: a theoretical model for tree breeding. Appita Journal 49: 90-95.Search in Google Scholar

GREAVES, B. L., N. M. G. BORRALHO and C. A. RAYMOND (1997a): Breeding objective for plantation eucalypts grown for production of kraft pulp. Forest Science 43: 465-475.Search in Google Scholar

GREAVES, B. L., N. M. BORRALHO and C. A. RAYMOND (1997b): Assumptions underlying the use of economic weights: are they valid in breeding for eucalypt kraft pulp? For. Genet. 4(1): 35-42.Search in Google Scholar

HAMILTON, D. A. and G. E. REHFELDT (1994): Using individual tree growth projection models to estimate standlevel gains attributable to genetically improved stock. Forest Ecology and Management 68: 189-207.10.1016/0378-1127(94)90045-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

HARDING, K. J., J. M. KNIGHT and G. PALMER (1999): Modeling sawn-wood quality to define breeding objectives and review selection criteria for Pinus elliottii and P. caribea var. hondurensis. In: G. NEPVEU (ed.). Proceedings of the third workshop IUFRO S5.01.04 “Connection between silviculture and wood quality throughmodeling approaches and simulation software”, La Londe-Les Maures, France, September 5-12, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

HARVILLE, D. A. (1975): Index selection with proportionality constrains. Biometrics 31: 223-225.10.2307/2529722Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

HARWOOD, J. L. (1999): Managing risk in farming: concepts, research, and analysis. USDA Economic Research Service, Agricultural economic report No. 774. 125 p.Search in Google Scholar

HASLETT, A. N., I. G. SIMPSON and M. O. KIMBERLY (1991): Utilisation of 25-year old Pinus radiata. Part 2: Wrap of structural timber in drying. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 21: 228-234.Search in Google Scholar

HAZEL, L. N. (1943): The genetic basis for constructing selection indexes. Genetics 28: 476-490.10.1093/genetics/28.6.476Search in Google Scholar

HIROOKA, H., A. F. GROEN and J. HILLERS (1998): Developing breeding objectives for beef cattle production 1. A bio-economic simulation model. Animal Science 66(3): 607-621.Search in Google Scholar

HORGAN, G. P. (1991): Market requirements for Pinus radiata clearwood: implications of length specifications. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 21(1): 77-95.Search in Google Scholar

ITOH, H. and Y. YAMADA (1988): Linear selection indices fornon-linear profit functions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 75: 553-560.10.1007/BF00289120Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

IVKOVIĆ, M., W. J. GAPARE, A. ABARQUEZ, J. ILIC, M. B. POWELL and H. X. WU (2009): Prediction of Wood Stiffness, Strength, and Shrinkage in Juvenile Wood of Radiata Pine. Wood Sci Tech 42: 237-257.10.1007/s00226-008-0232-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

IVKOVIĆ, M., H. X. WU, D. J. SPENCER and T. A. MCRAE (2007): Modelling the effects of stem sweep, branch size and wood stiffness of radiata pine on structural timber production. Australian Forestry 70(3): 173-184.10.1080/00049158.2007.10675018Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

IVKOVIĆ, M., H. X. WU, T. A. MCRAE and M. B. POWELL (2006a): Developing Breeding Objective for Pinus Radiata Pine Structural Wood Production I: Bio-Economic Model and Economic Weights. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(11): 2920-2931.10.1139/x06-161Search in Google Scholar

IVKOVIĆ, M., H. X. WU, T. A. MCRAE and C. A. MATHESON(2006b): Developing Breeding Objective for Pinus Radiata Pine Structural Wood Production II: Sensitivity Analyses. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(11): 2932-2942.10.1139/x06-162Search in Google Scholar

IVKOVICH, M. and P. M. KOSHY (2002): Optimisation of multiple trait selection in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) including pulp and paper properties. Annals of Forest Science 59(5/6): 577-582.Search in Google Scholar

JAMES, R. N. (2001): Defining the product: Log grades used in Australia. RIRDC Publication No 01/161.Search in Google Scholar

JAYAWICKRAMA, K. J. S. and M. J. CARSON (2000): A breeding strategy for the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Cooperative. Silvae Genetica 49: 82-90.Search in Google Scholar

JAYAWICKRAMA, K. J. S. (2001): Potential genetic gain for carbon sequestration: A preliminary study on radiata pine plantations in New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management 152: 313-322.10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00612-5Search in Google Scholar

JOHANSSON, G., I. R. KLIGER and M. PERSTORPER (1994): Quality of structural timber - product specification system required by end-users. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 52(1): 42-48.10.1007/BF02615017Search in Google Scholar

KEMPTHORNE, O. and A.W. NORDSKOG (1959): Restricted selection index. Biometrics 15: 10-19.10.2307/2527598Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

KIBBELWHITE, R. P. and C. J. A. SHELBOUNE (1997): Genetic selection of trees with designer fibres for different paper and pulp grades. Proceedings of 11th fundamental research symposium. Cambridge, September 1997.Search in Google Scholar

KING, J. N., F. C. YEH, J. C. H. HEAMAN and B. P. DANCIK (1988): Selection of wood density and diameter in controlled crosses of coastal Douglas-fir. Silvae Genetica 37: 152-157.Search in Google Scholar

KINGHORN, B. P., S. A. MESZAROS and R. D. VAGG (2002): Dynamic tactical decision systems for animal breeding. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Montpellier, France, August, 2002. Session 23: 1-8.Search in Google Scholar

KLEMPERER, D.W. (1996): Forest Resource Economics and Finance. McGraw Hill, New York.Search in Google Scholar

KOOTS, K. R. and J. P. GIBSON (1998a): Economic values for beef production traits from a herd level bioeconomic model. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78(1): 29-45.10.4141/A97-038Search in Google Scholar

KOOTS, K. R. and J. P. GIBSON (1998b): Effects of production and marketing circumstances on economic values for beef production traits. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78(1): 47-55.10.4141/A97-039Search in Google Scholar

KUMAR, S. (2004): Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking and resin bleeding for radiata pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 2601-2610.10.1139/x04-128Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

KUMAR, S., K. J. S. JAYAWICKRAMA, J. LEE and M. LAUSBERG (2002): Direct and Indirect Measures of Stiffness and Strength Show High Heritability in a Wind-Pollinated Radiata Pine Progeny Test in New Zealand. Silvae Genetica 51: 256-261.Search in Google Scholar

LADD, G.W. and G. GIBSON (1978): Microeconomics of technical change: What’s a better animal worth? American J. Agricultural Economics 60: 236-240.10.2307/1240052Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

LEWIS, N. B and I. S. FERGUSSON (1993): Management of Radiata Pine. Inkata Press, Sydney, 404 pp. Search in Google Scholar

LOWE, W. J., T. D. BYRAM and F. E. BRIDGWATER (1999): Selecting loblolly pine parents for seed orchards to minimise the costs of producing pulp. Forest Science 45: 213-216.Search in Google Scholar

LYNCH, M. and B. WALSH (1999): Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Vol. 2 Available from http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zbook/volume_2/vol2.html Accessed 20/03/2006.Search in Google Scholar

MAGNUSSEN, S. (1990): Selection index: economic weights for maximum simultaneous genetic gain. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79: 289-293.10.1007/BF0118606924226344Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

MATHESON, A. C., J. L. YANG and D. SPENCER (1997): Breeding Radiata Pine for Improvement of Sawn Product Value. In: S.Y. ZHANG, R. GOSSELIN and G. CHAURET (eds.). Proceedings of the 26th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association and International Workshop on Wood Quality (CTIA/IUFRO) “Timber Management Toward Wood Quality and End-Product Value”, August 1997, Quebec City. p IV 53-62.Search in Google Scholar

MCARTHUR, A. T. G. (1987): Weighting breeding objectives - an economic approach. In: “Sixth Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Animal Breeding and Genetics”. Perth. p. 187-197.Search in Google Scholar

MCRAE, T. A. (2005): Breeding better trees for plantations. Australasian Forest and Timber Review. November 2005.Search in Google Scholar

MILLER, W. (2001): An overview of wood quality issues and their impact: A personal view. In: J. STULEN, J. and B. APTHORP (eds.). 4th Wood Quality Workshop: Tools to Improve Log and Wood Products Segregation, 29-30 October, Rotorua, New Zealand.Search in Google Scholar

MOAV, R. and W. G. HILL (1966): Specialized sire and dam lines. IV. Selection within lines. Animal Production 8: 375-390.Search in Google Scholar

MUNN, I. A. and R. B. PALMQUIST (1997): Estimating hedonic price equations for a timber stumpage market using stochastic frontier estimation procedures. Can. J. For. Res. 27(8): 1276-1280.10.1139/x97-088Search in Google Scholar

NAMKOONG, G. (1976): A multiple-index selection strategy. Silvae Genetica 25: 5-6.Search in Google Scholar

NAMKOONG, G., H. C. KANG and J. S. BROUARD (1988): Tree Breeding: Principles and Strategies. Springer-Verlag, NY. 180 p.10.1007/978-1-4612-3892-8Search in Google Scholar

PESEK, J. and R. J. BAKER (1969): Desired improvement in relation to selection indices. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 49: 773-783.10.4141/cjps69-132Search in Google Scholar

PONZONI, R.W. and S. NEWMAN (1989): Developing breedingobjectives for Australian beef cattle production. Animal Production 49: 35-47.10.1017/S0003356100004232Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

PORTERFIELD, R. L. (1978): Economic evaluation of tree improvement programs. Third World Consultation on Forest Tree Breeding. Session 5. Analysing benefits and costs of tree improvement. p. 1089-1098.Search in Google Scholar

POWELL, M. B, T. A. MCRAE, H. X. WU, G.W. DUTKOWSKI and D. J. PILBEAM (2004): Breeding Strategy for Pinus radiata in Australia. In: ‘IUFRO Joint Conference of Division 2 Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future, Charleston, South Carolina, USA - 1-5 November 2004. Available from http://www.ncsu.edu/feop/iufrogenetics2004/proceedings.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

RAJESHWAR, B., D. A. BENDER, D. E. BRAY and K. A. MCDONALD (1997): An ultrasonic technique for predicting tensile strength of southern pine lumber. Transactions of the ASAE 40(4): 1153-1159.10.13031/2013.21333Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

RIDOUTT, B. G. (1997): Managing variability in resource quality. In: proceedings 2nd New Zealand Wood Quality Workshop, September 12, 1997. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Rotorua, FRI Bulletin No. 202 p i-v.Search in Google Scholar

SCHNEEBERGER, M., S. A. BARWICK, G. H. CROW and K. HAMMOND (1992): Economic indices using breeding values predicted by BLUP. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 107: 180-187.10.1111/j.1439-0388.1992.tb00395.xSearch in Google Scholar

SHELBOURNE, C. J. A., L. A. APIOLAZA, K. J. S. JAYAWICKRAMA and C. T. SORENSSON (1997): Developing breeding objectives for radiata pine in New Zealand. In: R. BURDON and J. M. MOORE (Eds). Proceedings of IUFRO’97 Genetics of Radiata Pine, Rotorua, NZ, 1-4 December, 1997. FRI Bulletin No. 203. p. 160-168.Search in Google Scholar

SMITH, C., J.W. JAMES and E.W. BRASCAMP (1986): On the derivation of economic weights in livestock improvement. Animal Production 43: 545-550.10.1017/S0003356100002750Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

SORENSSON, C. (2001): Clonal uniformity and its effect on lumber value from radiata pine corewood. In: J. STULEN and B. APTHORP (eds.). 4th Wood Quality Workshop: Tools to Improve Log and Wood Products Segregation, 29-30 October, Rotorua, New Zealand.Search in Google Scholar

SORENSSON, C. T., D. J. COWN, B. G. RIDOUTT and X. TIAN (1997): The significance of wood quality in tree breeding: A case of radiata pine in New Zeland. In: Proceedings: The 26th Biannual Meeting of the Canadian Tree Improvement Association (CTIA/IUFRO), International Workshop on Wood Quality, Quebec City.Search in Google Scholar

TALBERT, C. B. (1984): An analysis of several approaches to multiple-trait index selection in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L). PhD Thesis. North Carolina State University at Raleigh, 106 p.Search in Google Scholar

TALBERT, C. B. (1995): From gene to market: realizing the value from genetics and silviculture as an integrated system. In: B. M. POTTS, N. M. G. BORRALHO, J. B. REID, R. N. CROMER, W. N. TIBBITS and C. A. RAYMOND (eds.). “Eucalypt Plantations: Improving Fibre Yield and Quality. Proc. of the CRC-IUFRO Conference”. Hobart, Australia. (CRC Temperate Hardwood Forestry.) p. 20-23.Search in Google Scholar

TALLIS, G.W. (1962): A selection index for optimum genotype. Biometrics 18: 120-122.10.2307/2527716Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

TESS, M. W., G. L. BENNETT and G. E. DICKERSON (1983): Simulation of genetic changes in life cycle efficiency of pork production. I. A bioeconomic model. Journal of Animal Science 56(2): 336-353.10.2527/jas1983.562336xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

TODOROKI, C. L. (1996): Log rotation effect on carriage sawing of swept logs. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(2): 246-255.Search in Google Scholar

TODOROKI, C. L., G. G. WEST and R. L. KNOWLES (2001): Sensitivity analysis of log and branch characteristics influencing sawn timber grade. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 3(1): 101-119.Search in Google Scholar

TODOROKI, C. L., R. L. KNOWLES and VAN DER and M. COLFF (2002): Models for predicting lumber grade yield using external log features, internal wood quality and sonics. In: G. NEPVEAU (ed.). Connection between Forest Resources and Wood Quality: Modelling Approaches and Simulation Software. Proceedings of second workshop, IUFRO WP S5.01-04. Harrison Hot Springs, BC, Canada, 8-15 September 2002. Publiction LERFoB/2004 INRA-ENGREF, Nancy, France, p. 456-463.Search in Google Scholar

TSEHAYE, A. and J. C. F. WALKER (1996): Spiral grain in Canterbury Pinus radiata: within- and between-tree variations and effect on mechanical properties. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 25(3): 358-366.Search in Google Scholar

VERRYN, S. D. (2007): In: Proceedings to Australasian Forest Genetics Conference. “Breeding for wood quality-a perspective for the future”. 11-14 April 2007, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.Search in Google Scholar

VOSE, D. (1996): Quantitative Risk Analysis: A Guide to Monte Carlo. Simulation Modeling Wiley, Toronto, 328 p. 10.1201/9781439821978.ch1.4Search in Google Scholar

WELLER, J. I. (1994): Economic Aspects of Animal Breeding. ChapmanandHall. 244 p.Search in Google Scholar

WHITTOCK, S. P., B. L. GREAVES and L. A. APIOLAZA (2004): A cash flow model to compare coppice and genetically improved seedling options for Eucalyptus globulus pulpwood plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 191: 267-274.10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.013Search in Google Scholar

WHITTOCK, S. P., G. W. DUTKOWSKI, B. L. GREAVES and L. A. APIOLAZA (2007): Integrating ravenues from carbon sequestration into economic breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus pulpwood production. Annals of Forest Science 64: 239-246.10.1051/forest:2007001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

WOLFOVA, M., J. WOLF, J. PRIBYL, R. ZAHRADKOVA and J. KICA (2005): Breeding objectives for beef cattle used in different production systems: 1. Model development. Livestock Production Science 95(3): 201-215.10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.12.018Search in Google Scholar

WU, H. X. and C. C. YING (1997): Genetic parameters and selection efficiencies in resistance to western gall rust, stalactiform blister rust, needle cast and sequoia pitch month in lodgepole pine. Forest Science 43: 571-581.Search in Google Scholar

WU, H. X., J. L. YANG, M. IVKOVIC´, T. A. MCRAE and M. B. POWELL (2007): Efficiency of Early Selection for Rotation- aged Microfibril Angle and Modulus of Elasticity in Radiata Pine. Annals of Forest Science 64(1): 1-9.10.1051/forest:2006082Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

YAMADA, Y. (1995): Are economic selection indices always superior to a desired gains index? Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91: 655-658.10.1007/BF0022329324169894Search in Google Scholar