Serum and alveolar procalcitonin had a weak diagnostic value for ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with pulmonary infection score ≥ 6

1. LIU D., LIAN H., WANG J., LI X., ZHAO Q., YOU Q. Efficacy of early bundle therapy on moderate to severe aspiration pneumonia after cervical esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer. Minerva Medica 2015; 106(2):79-86.Search in Google Scholar

2. MATHI AS., PHILLIPS A., ISAAC R. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: A persistent healthcare problem in Indian Intensive Care Units! Lung India 2016; 33(5):512-6.10.4103/0970-2113.188971500633127625445Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. CLAVEL M., BARRAUD O., MOUCADEL V., MEYNER F., KARAM E., PLOY M.C. et al. Molecular quantification of bacteria from respiratory samples in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22(9):812.e1-.e7.10.1016/j.cmi.2016.06.01327404367Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. AMRI MALEH P., BAYANI M., NIKBAKHSH N., POURHASSAN A., MARZBAN M., SHIRKHANI Z., et al. Incidence, causes and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the medical intensive care unit. J Urmia Nurs Midwif 2013; 11(7).Search in Google Scholar

5. IOANAS M., FERRER R., ANGRILL J., FERRER M., TORRESA. Microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir 2001;17(4):791-801.10.1183/09031936.01.1740791011401077Search in Google Scholar

6. SHIFERAW B., BEKELE E, KUMAR K., BOUTIN A., FRIERI M. The role of procalcitonin as a biomarker in sepsis. J Infect Dis Epidemiol 2016; 2(006).10.23937/2474-3658/1510006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. DAVIES J. Procalcitonin. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68(9):675-9.10.1136/jclinpath-2014-20280726124314Search in Google Scholar

8. VILLAREAL E., VACACELA K., GORDON M., CALABUING C., ALONSO R., RUIZ J., et al. Usefulness of procalcitonin for diagnosing infection in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. Med Intensiva (English Edition) 2016; 40(2):84-9.10.1016/j.medine.2015.02.005Search in Google Scholar

9. GILBERT D., GELFER G., WANG L., MYERS J., BAJEMA K., JOHNSTON M., et al. The potential of molecular diagnostics and serum procalcitonin levels to change the antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86(1):102-7.10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.008712693027377675Search in Google Scholar

10. DALLAS J., BROWN SM., HOCK K., SCOTT MG., SKRUPKY LP., BOYLE WA., et al. Diagnostic utility of plasma procalcitonin for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit setting. Respir care 2011; 56(4):412-9.10.4187/respcare.0097921255510Search in Google Scholar

11. LISBOA T., RELLO J. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: is there a gold standard and a simple approach? Cur opin infect dis 2008; 21(2):174-8.Search in Google Scholar

12. PIERACCI FM., RODIL M., HAENEL J., STOVALL RT., JOHNSON JL., BURLEW CC., et al. Screening for Ventilator-Associated pneumonia in the surgical intensive care unit: A single-institution analysis of 1,013 lower respiratory tract cultures. Surg infect 2015; 16(4):368-74.10.1089/sur.2014.08626207397Search in Google Scholar

13. ENGEL H., HAMOUDA NB., PORTMANN K., DELODDER F., SUYS T., FEIHL F., et al. Serum procalcitonin as a marker of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and long-term neurological recovery, but not of early-onset infections, in comatose post-anoxic patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 2013; 84(6):776-81.10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.02923380286Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. LIN K-H., WANGF-L., WUM-S., JIANG B-Y., KAO W-L., CHAO H-Y., et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 80(1):72-8.10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.03.029Search in Google Scholar

15. SERIO I., ARNAUD L., MATHIAN A., HAUSFATER P., AMOURA Z. Can procalcitonin be used to distinguish between disease flare and infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review. Clin rheumatol 2014; 33(9):1209-15.10.1007/s10067-014-2738-4Search in Google Scholar

16. AALTO H., TAKAKLA A., KAUTIAINEN H., REPO H. Laboratory markers of systemic inflammation as predictors of bloodstream infection in acutely ill patients admitted to hospital in medical emergency. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23(9):699-704.10.1007/s10096-004-1191-8Search in Google Scholar

17. JIAO J., WANG M., ZHANG J., SHEN K., LIAO X., ZHOU X. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker of ventilator-associated pneumonia in cardiac surgery patients. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9(3):1051-57.10.3892/etm.2015.2175Search in Google Scholar

18. ASSICOT M., BOHUON C., GENDREL D., RAYMOND J., CARSIN H., GUILBAUD J. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. The Lancet 1993; 341(8844):515-8.10.1016/0140-6736(93)90277-NSearch in Google Scholar

19. ZHOU C., LU Z., REN N., ZHANG G. [Diagnostic value of procalcitonin in ventilator associated pneumonia]. Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue 2006; 18(6):370-2.Search in Google Scholar

20. LIAO X., JIN X., KANG Y., DENG Y., ZHANG Z., ZHOU Y., et al. Role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue 2010; 22(3):142-5.Search in Google Scholar

21. DUFLO F., DEBON R., MONNERET G., BIENVENU J., CHASSARD D., ALLAOUCHICHE B. Alveolar and serum procalcitonin diagnostic and prognostic value in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Anesthesiol 2002; 96(1):74-9.10.1097/00000542-200201000-0001811753005Search in Google Scholar

22. RAMIREZ P., GARCIA M., FERRER M., AZNAR J., VALENCIA M., SAHUQUILLO J., et al. Sequential measurements of procalcitonin levels in diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. EurRespir J 2008; 31(2):356-62.10.1183/09031936.0008670717959634Search in Google Scholar

23. LINSSEN CF., BAKERS O., DRENT M., JACOBS JA. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann clin biochem 2008; 45(3):293-8.10.1258/acb.2007.00713318482918Search in Google Scholar

24. MONTON C., TORRES A., El-EBIARY M., FILELLA X., XAUBET A., DELA BELLACASA JP. Cytokine expression in severe pneumonia: a bronchoalveolar lavage study. Crit care med 1999; 27(9):1745-53.10.1097/00003246-199909000-0000810507593Search in Google Scholar

25. HASANJANI ROUSHAN MR., BAYANI M., SOLEIMANI AMIRI S., MOHAMMADNIA-AFROUZI M., NOURI HR., EBRAHIMPOUR S. Evaluation of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells during treatment of patients with brucellosis. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2016; 30:675-682.Search in Google Scholar