Life-Time Risk, Screening and The Cost of Cardiovascular Comorbidities in CKD Patients

1. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Coresh J. Conceptual model of CKD: applications and implications. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009; 53: S4-16.10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.07.048Search in Google Scholar

2. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002; 39: S1-266.Search in Google Scholar

3. Zhang QL, Rothenbacher D. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based studies: systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 117.10.1186/1471-2458-8-117Search in Google Scholar

4. Tonelli M, Riella M. Chronic kidney disease and the ageing population. Lancet. 2014; 383: 1278-1279.10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60155-0Search in Google Scholar

5. Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013; 382: 339-352.10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4Search in Google Scholar

6. Grams ME, Juraschek SP, Selvin E et al. Trends in the prevalence of reduced GFR in the United States: a comparison of creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimates. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62: 253-260.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.013Search in Google Scholar

7. Zoccali C. Cardiorenal risk as a new frontier of nephrology: research needs and areas for intervention. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002; 17 Suppl 11: 50-54.10.1093/ndt/17.suppl_11.50Search in Google Scholar

8. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106: 3143-3421.10.1161/circ.106.25.3143Search in Google Scholar

9. Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A et al. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study. Lancet. 2012; 380: 807-814.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60572-8Search in Google Scholar

10. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014; 129: S1-45.Search in Google Scholar

11. Grams ME, Chow EK, Segev DL, Coresh J. Lifetime incidence of CKD stages 3-5 in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013; 62: 245-252.10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.03.009372371123566637Search in Google Scholar

12. Hoerger TJ, Wittenborn JS, Segel JE et al. A health policy model of CKD: 2. The cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010; 55: 463-473.10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.11.01720116910Search in Google Scholar

13. Fink HA, Ishani A, Taylor BC et al. Screening for, monitoring, and treatment of chronic kidney disease stages 1 to 3: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and for an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 156: 570-581.10.7326/0003-4819-156-8-201204170-0000822508735Search in Google Scholar

14. Qaseem A, Hopkins RH, Jr., Sweet DE et al. Screening, monitoring, and treatment of stage 1 to 3 chronic kidney disease: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159: 835-847.10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-0000924297193Search in Google Scholar

15. Hill NR, Lasserson D, Fatoba S et al. The Oxford Renal (OxRen) cross-sectional study of chronic kidney disease in the UK. BMJ Open. 2013; 3: e004265.10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004265388462424345903Search in Google Scholar

16. Meisinger C, Doring A, Lowel H. Chronic kidney disease and risk of incident myocardial infarction and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women from the general population. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27: 1245-1250.10.1093/eurheartj/ehi88016611670Search in Google Scholar

17. Reinhold T, Lindig C, Willich SN, Bruggenjurgen B. The costs of myocardial infarction - a longitudinal analysis using data from a large German health insurance company. J Public Health 19, 579-586. 2011.10.1007/s10389-011-0420-8Search in Google Scholar

18. Icks A, Haastert B, Gandjour A et al. Costs of dialysis-- a regional population-based analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010; 25: 1647-1652.10.1093/ndt/gfp67220008830Search in Google Scholar

19.http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/File:Gross_domestic_product_at_market_prices_2011.png. Eurostat. 2014.Search in Google Scholar