Open Access

The Effect of Cocoa Beans Heavy and Trace Elements on Safety and Stability of Confectionery Products


Cite

1. Andújar, I., Recio, M. C., Giner, R. M., & Ríos, J. L. (2012). Cocoa Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits for Human Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012 (906252), 1-23. DOI:10.1155/2012/906252.10.1155/2012/906252348841923150750Search in Google Scholar

2. Bruna, C., Eichholz, L., Rohn, S., Kroh, L.W., & Huyskens-Keil, S. (2010). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of cocoa hulls (Theobroma cocoa L.) from different origins. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 83(1), 9-13.Search in Google Scholar

3. European Food Safety Authority (2006). Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsarep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

4. European Food Safety Authority (2012). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to cocoa flavonols and maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vasodilatation pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://www.acticoa.com/uploads/EFSA_opinion.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

5. Erickson, M.C. (2002). Chemistry and function of phospholipids. In C.C. Akoh & D.B. Min (Eds.), Food lipids chemistry, nutrition, and biotechnology (pp. 39-55). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.Search in Google Scholar

6. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. (2006). European Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006. Brussels: Official Journal of European Union L364/5.Search in Google Scholar

7. Maximum levels of cadmium in foodstuffs. (2014). European Commission Regulation No. 488 amending Regulation No.1881/2006. Brussels: Official Journal of the European Union L 138.Search in Google Scholar

8. Fennema, O. (1985). Chemical changes in food during processing - an overview. In T.Richardson (Ed.), Chemical changes in food during processing (pp. 1-10). New York: Springer Science, Business Media LLC.Search in Google Scholar

9. Fold, N. (2008). Transnational sourcing practices in Ghana’s perennial crop sectors. Journal of Agrarian change, 8 (1), 94-122. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2007.00164.x.10.1111/j.1471-0366.2007.00164.xSearch in Google Scholar

10. Matiseks, R., Snepels, F.M., & Steinere, G.(1998). Analytical chemistry of food. Riga: University of Latvia (in Latvian).Search in Google Scholar

11. Ministry of Health. (2008). The recommended dose of energy and nutrients of Latvian citizens. Latvia: Health Ministry's Decree No.174 from 15 October 2008.Search in Google Scholar

12. Pokorny, J. (2006). Production, separation and modification of phospholipids for use in food. In F.D. Gustone (Ed.), Modifying lipids for use in food (pp.369-387). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited.Search in Google Scholar

13. Powel, S.R. (2000). The antioxidant properties of zinc. Journal of Nutrition, 120 (5), 1447-1454.10.1093/jn/130.5.1447S10801958Search in Google Scholar

14. Rankin, C.W., Nriagu, J. O., Aggarwal, J. K., Arowolo, T. A., Adebayo, K., Flegal, A. R. (2005). Lead contamination in cocoa and cocoa products: Isotopic evidence of global contamination. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113 (10), 1344-1348. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8009.10.1289/ehp.8009128127716203244Search in Google Scholar

15. Schinella, G., Mosca, S., Cienfuegos-Jovellanos, E., Pasamar, M.A., Muguerza, B., & Ramon, D. (2010). Antioxidant properties of polyphenol- rich cocoa products industrially processed. Food Research International, 43(6), 1614-1623. DOI:10.1016/j. foodres.2010.04.032.Search in Google Scholar

16. Thomas, E. Y. (2015). Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration and Fractionation in Selected Dumpsite Soils within Ibadan Metropolis Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 4 (3), 117-127. DOI: 10.9734/JAERI/ 2015/17855.Search in Google Scholar

17. Vitola, V., & Strautnieks A. (2004). Biological activity of confectionery industry by- product - cocoa shell. Innovation development trends of food products: International scientific - practical conference, 12 May 2004 (pp.129-135). Jelgava, Latvia: Latvia University of Agriculture.Search in Google Scholar

18. Vitola, V., Karklina, D., & Strautnieks, A. (2005). Antioxidant activity of extracts from processed cocoa bean products. Accessing useful Technologies optimizing food safety and nutrition: 4th International Congress on Food Technology, 18-19 February 2005 (pp.274-278). Athens, Greece: Hellenic Association of Food Technologists & Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Athens.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2256-0939
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Ecology, Plant Science