Life history trait differences in isolated populations of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker

Anderson, D. R. 2008. Model-based inference in the life sciences: a primer on evidence. - Springer, New York, NY10.1007/978-0-387-74075-1Search in Google Scholar

Badyaev, A. V. & Ghalambor, C. K. 2001. Evolution of life histories along elevational gradients: trade-off between parental care and fecundity. - Ecology 82: 2948-2960. DOI: 10.2307/267997310.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2948:EOLHAE]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. 2015. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. - Journal of Statistical Software 67: 1-48.10.18637/jss.v067.i01Search in Google Scholar

Bears, H., Martin, K. & White, G. C. 2009. Breeding in high-elevation habitat results in shift to slower life-history strategy within a single species. - Journal of Animal Ecology 78: 365-375. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01491.x10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01491.xSearch in Google Scholar

Blanc, L. A. & Walters, J. R. 2008. Cavity-nest webs in a longleaf pine ecosystem. - The Condor 110: 80-92. DOI: 10.1525/cond.2008.110.1.8010.1525/cond.2008.110.1.80Search in Google Scholar

Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information- theoretic approach. 2nd ed. - Springer, New York, NYSearch in Google Scholar

Carter III. J., Stamps, R. T. & Doerr, P. D. 1983. Status of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker in the North Carolina Sandhills. - Red-cockaded Woodpecker symposium II. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, FL, pp. 24-29.Search in Google Scholar

Clutton-Brock, T. H. 1991. The evolution of parental care. - Princeton University Press10.1515/9780691206981Search in Google Scholar

Conner, R. N., Rudolph, D. C. & Walters, J. R. 2001. The Red-cockaded Woodpecker: Surviving in a firemaintained ecosystem. - University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.10.7560/712348Search in Google Scholar

Conner, R. N., Saenz, D., Schaefer, R. R., McCormick, J. R., Rudolph, D. C. & Burt, D. B. 2004. Group size and nest success in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the West Gulf Coastal Plain: helpers make a difference. - Journal of Field Ornithology 75: 74-78. DOI: 10.1648/0273-8570-75.1.7410.1648/0273-8570-75.1.74Search in Google Scholar

Engstrom, R. T. & Evans, G. W. 1990. Hurricane damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees. - The Auk 107: 608-610.Search in Google Scholar

Harding, S. R. & Walters, J. R. 2004. Dynamics of cavity excavation by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - In: Costa, R. & Daniels, S. J. (eds.) Red-cockaded Woodpecker: Road to Recovery - Hancock House Publishing, Blaine, WA., pp. 412-422.Search in Google Scholar

Heppell, S. S., Walters, J. R. & Crowder, L. B. 1994. Evaluating management alternatives for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: A modeling approach. - Journal of Wildlife Management 58: 479-487. DOI: 10.2307/380931910.2307/3809319Search in Google Scholar

Hoyt, J. S. & Hannon, S. J. 2002. Habitat associations of Black-backed and Three-toed Woodpeckers in the boreal forest of Alberta. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1881-1888. DOI: 10.1139/ x02-10910.1139/x02-109Search in Google Scholar

James, F. C., Hess, C. A. & Kufrin, D. 1997. Species-centered environmental analysis: indirect effects of fire history on Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - Ecological Applications 7: 118-129. DOI: 10.2307/226941110.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0118:SCEAIE]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Lack, D. 1947. The significance of clutch-size. - Ibis 89: 302-352. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1947. tb04155.xSearch in Google Scholar

Lennartz, M., Hooper, R. & Harlow, R. 1987. Sociality and cooperative breeding of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers, Picoides borealis. - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20: 77-88.Search in Google Scholar

Letcher, B. H., Priddy, J. A., Walters, J. R. & Crowder, L.B. 1998. An individual-based, spatially-explicit simulation model of the population dynamics of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picoides borealis. - Biological Conservation 86: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-610.1016/S0006-3207(98)00019-6Search in Google Scholar

Ligon, J. D. 1970. Behavior and breeding biology of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. - The Auk 87: 255-278. DOI: 10.2307/408391910.2307/4083919Search in Google Scholar

Linden, M. & Møller, A. P. 1989. Cost of reproduction and covariation of life history traits in birds. - Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4: 367-371. DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90101-810.1016/0169-5347(89)90101-8Search in Google Scholar

Mather, J. R., Adams III. H. & Yoshioka, G. A. 1964. Coastal storms of the eastern United States. - Journal of Applied Meteorology 3: 693-706. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1964)003<0693:CSOTEU>2.0. CO;2Search in Google Scholar

McKellar, A. E., Kesler, D. C., Mitchell, R. J,. Delaney, D. K. & Walters, J. R. 2014. Geographic variation in fitness and foraging habitat quality in an endangered bird. - Biological Conservation 175: 52-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.00710.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.007Search in Google Scholar

Montague-Drake, R. M., Lindenmayer, D. B. & Cunningham, R. B. 2009. Factors affecting site occupancy by woodland bird species of conservation concern. - Biological Conservation 142: 2896-2903. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.00910.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.009Search in Google Scholar

Nilsson, J-Å. & Källander, H. 2006. Leafing phenology and timing of egg laying in Great Tits Parus major and Blue Tits P. caeruleus. - Journal of Avian Biology 37: 357-363. DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03604.x10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03604.xSearch in Google Scholar

Provencher, L., Herring, B. J., Gordon, D. R., Rodgers, H. L., Tanner, G. W., Hardesty, J. L., Brennan, L. A. & Litt, A. R. 2001. Longleaf pine and oak responses to hardwood reduction techniques in fire-suppressed sandhills in northwest Florida. - Forest Ecology and Management 148: 63-77. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team 2014. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. - R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, AustriaSearch in Google Scholar

Ricklefs, R. E. 1980. Geographical variation in clutch size among passerine birds: Ashmole’s hypothesis. - The Auk 97: 38-49.Search in Google Scholar

Schaefer, R. R., Conner, R. N., Rudolph, D. C. & Saenz, D. 2004. Red-cockaded Woodpecker nestling provisioning and reproduction in two different pine habitats. - Wilson Bulletin 116: 31-40. DOI: 10.1676/0043-5643(2004)116[0031:RWNPAR] 2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Stearns, S. C. 1976. Life-history tactics: a review of the ideas. - The Quarterly Review of Biology 51(1): 3-47.10.1086/409052Search in Google Scholar

Trainor, A., Walters, J., Morris, W., Sexton, J. & Moody, A. 2013. Empirical estimation of dispersal resistance surfaces: a case study with Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - Landscape Ecology 28: 755-767. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-013-9861-510.1007/s10980-013-9861-5Search in Google Scholar

Varner, J. M., III. & Kush, J. S. 2004. Remnant oldgrowth longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savannas and forests of the southeastern USA: Status and threats. - Natural Areas Journal 24: 141-149.Search in Google Scholar

Walters, J., Robinson, P., Starnes, W. & Goodson, J. 1995. The relative effectiveness of artificial cavity starts and artificial cavities in inducing the formation of new groups of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - In: Kulhavy, D. L., Hooper, R. G. & Costa, R. (eds.) Red-cockaded Woodpecker: recovery, ecology and management. - Center for Applied Studies in Forestry, College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA, pp. 367-371.Search in Google Scholar

Walters, J. R. 1991. Application of ecological principles to the management of endangered species: the case of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. - Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22: 505-523.10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.002445Search in Google Scholar

Walters, J. R., Copeyon, C. K. & Carter, J. H. 1992. Test of the ecological basis of cooperative breeding in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - The Auk 109: 90-97. DOI: 10.2307/408826910.2307/4088269Search in Google Scholar

Walters, J. R., Doerr, P. D. & Carter, J. H. 1988. The cooperative breeding system of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker. - Ethology 78: 275-305. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00239.x10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00239.xSearch in Google Scholar

Zera, A. J. & Harshman, L. G. 2001. The physiology of life history trade-offs in animals. - Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32: 95-126.10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006Search in Google Scholar

Zwicker, S. M. & Walters, J. R. 1999. Selection of pines for foraging by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. - The Journal of Wildlife Management 63(3): 843-852. DOI: 10.2307/380279710.2307/3802797Search in Google Scholar