TS-BTPhen as a promising hydrophilic complexing agent for selective Am(III) separation by solvent extraction

1. NEA. (2011). Potential benefi ts and impacts of advanced nuclear fuel cycles with actinide partitioning and transmutation. Issy-les-Moulineaux, France: OECD-NEA. (NEA no. 6894).Search in Google Scholar

2. McKibben, J. M. (1983). Chemistry of the PUREX process. In Americal Chemical Society 135th National Meeting, 10 March 1983. Seattle, Washington, USA.Search in Google Scholar

3. Poinssot, C., Rostaing, C., Baron, P., Warin, D., & Boullis, B. (2012). Main results of the French Program on Partitioning of Minor Actinides, a Significant Improvement Towards Nuclear Waste Reduction. Procedia Chem., 7, 358-366. DOI: 10.1016/j. proche.2012.10.056.Search in Google Scholar

4. Serrano-Purroy, D., Baron, P., Christiansen, B., Malmbeck, R., Sorel, C., & Glatz, J. P. (2005). Recovery of minor actinides from HLLW using the DIAMEX process. Radiochim. Acta, 93, 351-355. DOI: 10.1524/ ract.93.6.351.65642.10.1524/ract.93.6.351.65642Search in Google Scholar

5. Magnusson, D., Christiansen, B., Foreman, M. R. S., Geist, A., Glatz, J. P., Malmbeck, R., Modolo, G., Serrano-Purroy, D., & Sorel, C. (2009). Demonstration of a SANEX process in centrifugal contactors using the CyMe4-BTBP molecule on a genuine fuel solution. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 27, 97-106. DOI: 10.1080/07366290802672204.10.1080/07366290802672204Search in Google Scholar

6. Geist, A., Hill, C., Modolo, G., Foreman, M. R. S. J., Weigl, M., Gompper, K., Hudson, M. J., & Madic, C. (2006). 6,6ʹ-Bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl)[2,2ʹ]bipyridine, an effective extracting agent for the separation of americium(III) and curium(III) from the lanthanides. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 24, 463-483. DOI: 10.1080/07366290600761936.10.1080/07366290600761936Search in Google Scholar

7. Modolo, G., Kluxen, P., & Geist, A. (2010). Demonstration of the LUCA process for the separation of americium(III) from curium(III), californium(III), and lanthanides(III) in acidic solution using a synergistic mixture of bis(chlorophenyl)dithiophosphinic acid and tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate. Radiochim. Acta, 98, 193-201. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.1708.10.1524/ract.2010.1708Search in Google Scholar

8. Modolo, G., Wilden, A., Geist, A., Magnusson, D., & Malmbeck, R. (2012). A review of the demonstration of innovative solvent extraction processes for the recovery of trivalent minor actinides from PUREX raffinate. Radiochim. Acta, 100, 715-725. DOI: 10.1524/ract.2012.1962.10.1524/ract.2012.1962Search in Google Scholar

9. Wilden, A., Modolo, G., Kaufholz, P., Sadowski, F., Lange, S., Sypula, M., Magnusson, D., Muellich, U., Geist, A., & Bosbach, D. (2015). Laboratory-scale counter-current centrifugal contactor demonstration of an innovative-SANEX process using a water soluble BTP. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 33, 91-108. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2014.952532.10.1080/07366299.2014.952532Search in Google Scholar

10. Wilden, A., Modolo, G., Schreinemachers, C., Sadowski, F., Lange, S., Sypula, M., Magnusson, D., Geist, A., Lewis, F. W., Harwood, L. M., & Hudson, M. J. (2013). Direct selective extraction of actinides(III) from PUREX raffi nate using a mixture of CyMe4BTBP and TODGA as 1-cycle SANEX solvent. Part III: Demonstration of a laboratory-scale counter-current centrifugal contactor process. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 31, 519-537. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.775890.10.1080/07366299.2013.775890Search in Google Scholar

11. Rostaing, C., Poinssot, C., Warin, D., Baron, P., & Lorrain, B. (2012). Development and validation of the EXAm separation process for single Am recycling. Procedia Chem., 7, 367-373. DOI: 10.1016/j. proche.2012.10.057.Search in Google Scholar

12. Montuir, M., Pacary, V., Sorel, C., Baron, P., Bollesteros, M. -J., Costenoble, S., Espinoux, D., Hérès, X., & Rostaing, C. (2012). Sensitivity of americium and curium splitting fl owsheet and running procedure. Procedia Chem., 7, 275-281. DOI: 10.1016/j. proche.2012.10.044.Search in Google Scholar

13. Geist, A., Müllich, U., Magnusson, D., Kaden, P., Modolo, G., Wilden, A., & Zevaco, T. (2012). Actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) separation via selective aqueous complexation of actinides(III) using a hydrophilic 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-pyridine in nitric acid. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 30, 433-444. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2012.671111.10.1080/07366299.2012.671111Search in Google Scholar

14. Bell, K., Geist, A., McLachlan, F., Modolo, G., Taylor, R., & Wilden, A. (2012). Nitric acid extraction into TODGA. Procedia Chem., 7, 152-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.026.10.1016/j.proche.2012.10.026Search in Google Scholar

15. Bourg, S., Hill, C., Caravaca, C., Rhodes, C., Ekberg, C., Taylor, R., Geist, A., Modolo, G., Cassayre, L., Malmbeck, R., Harrison, M., de Angelis, G., Espartero, A., Bouvet, S., & Ouvrier, N. (2011). ACSEPT - Partitioning technologies and actinide science: Towards pilot facilities in Europe. Nucl. Eng. Des., 241, 3427-3435. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.03.011.10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.03.011Search in Google Scholar

16. Lewis, F. W., Harwood, L. M., Hudson, M. J., Drew, M. G. B., Hubscher-Bruder, V., Videva, V., Arnaud-Neu, F., Stamberg, K., & Vyas, S. (2013). BTBPs versus BTPhens: Some reasons for their differences in properties concerning the partitioning of minor actinides and the advantages of BTPhens. Inorg. Chem., 52, 4993-5005. DOI: 10.1021/ic3026842.10.1021/ic302684223614770Search in Google Scholar

17. Iqbal, M., Huskens, J., Verboom, W., Sypula, M., & Modolo, G. (2010). Synthesis and Am/Eu extraction of novel TODGA derivatives. Supramol. Chem., 22, 827-837. DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.506553.10.1080/10610278.2010.506553Search in Google Scholar

18. Lewis, F. W., Harwood, L. M., Hudson, M. J., Geist, A., Kozhevnikov, V. N., Distler, P., & John, J. (2015). Hydrophilic sulfonated bis-1,2,4-triazine ligands are highly effective reagents for separating actinides(III) from lanthanides(III) via selective formation of aqueous actinide complexes. Chem. Sci., 4812-4821. DOI: 10.1039/C5SC01328C.10.1039/C5SC01328C566757629142716Search in Google Scholar

19. Modolo, G., Asp, H., Schreinemachers, C., & Vijgen, H. (2007). Development of a TODGA based process for partitioning of actinides from a PUREX raffi nate Part I: Batch extraction optimization studies and stability tests. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 25, 703-721. DOI: 10.1080/07366290701634578.10.1080/07366290701634578Search in Google Scholar

20. Wilden, A., Modolo, G., Lange, S., Sadowski, F., Beele, B. B., Skerencak-Frech, A., Panak, P. J., Iqbal, M., Verboom, W., Geist, A., & Bosbach, D. (2014). Modifi ed diglycolamides for the An(III) + Ln(III) co-separation: Evaluation by solvent extraction and time-resolved laser fl uorescence spectroscopy. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 32, 119-137. DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.833791.10.1080/07366299.2013.833791Search in Google Scholar

21. Nash, K. L., Madic, C., Mathur, J. N., & Lacquement, J. (2006). The chemistry of actinide and transactinide elements. In L. R. Morss, N. M. Edelstein, J. Fuger, & J. J. Katz (Eds.), Actinide separation science and technology (Chapter 24, pp. 2622-2798). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.Search in Google Scholar

22. Bremer, A., Whittaker, D. M., Sharrad, C. A., Geist, A., & Panak, P. J. (2014). Complexation of Cm(III) and Eu(III) with CyMe4-BTPhen and CyMe4-BTBP studied by time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy. Dalton Trans., 43, 2684-2694. DOI: 10.1039/ c3dt52204k. 10.1039/C3DT52204K24336798Search in Google Scholar