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Effect of magnesium substitution on structural and dielectric properties of LiNiPO4

K. Anand
K. Anand
, 
B. Ramamurthy
B. Ramamurthy
, 
V. Veeraiah
V. Veeraiah
 and 
K. Vijaya Babu
K. Vijaya Babu
   | Feb 24, 2017
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Published Online: Feb 24, 2017
Page range: 66 - 80
Received: Mar 31, 2016
Accepted: Nov 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0008
Keywords
© 2017 K. Anand, B. Ramamurthy, V. Veeraiah, K. Vijaya Babu
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

XRD spectra of LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15).
XRD spectra of LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15).

SEM image of LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15); (a) LiNiPO4; (b) LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO4; (c) LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO4; (d) LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO4.
SEM image of LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15); (a) LiNiPO4; (b) LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO4; (c) LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO4; (d) LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO4.

EDS spectra for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15); (a) LiNiPO4; (b) LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO4; (c) LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO4; (d) LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO4.
EDS spectra for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15); (a) LiNiPO4; (b) LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO4; (c) LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO4; (d) LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO4.

FT-IR spectra for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15).
FT-IR spectra for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15).

Nyquist plots for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Nyquist plots for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of Z′ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of Z′ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of Z″ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of Z″ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of real part of dielectric permittivity (ε′) with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of real part of dielectric permittivity (ε′) with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of imaginary part of dielectric permittivity (ε″) with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of imaginary part of dielectric permittivity (ε″) with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of tanδ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of tanδ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of AC conductivity with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of AC conductivity with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Variation of M′ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Variation of M′ with frequency for the compounds LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Arrhenius plots for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.
Arrhenius plots for LiNi1–xMgxPO4 (a) x = 0, (b) x = 0.05, (c) x = 0.1, (d) x = 0.15.

Vibrational spectra data (cm–1) and band assignments in LiNi1–xMgxPO4(x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15).

Infrared wave number [cm–1]
x = 0x = 0.05x = 0.1x = 0.15Assignment
477457446446v (Li–O)
525525529527v (Ni–O)
547548548548v2 (PO4)3–
580569568568v2 (PO4)3–
653649649649v4 (PO4)3–
940937949949v1 (PO4)3–
1057106010641035v3 (PO4)3–
1100109110901094v3 (PO4)3–
1150113911401134v3 (PO4)3–

Activation energies for different compounds at 100 kHz.

CompoundAC conductivity [S/cm]Activation energy [eV]
LiNiPO49.47 × 10–100.47
LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO42.95 × 10–90.56
LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO49.62 × 10–100.52
LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO49.80 × 10–100.66

Lattice parameters, space group and cell volume for different compounds.

Compounda[Å]b [Å]c [Å]Space groupCell volume [Å]3
LiNiPO410.03455.85244.6629Pnma273.8411
LiNi0.95Mg0.05PO410.03415.87624.6669Pnma275.1785
LiNi0.90Mg0.10PO410.05335.85614.6554Pnma274.0853
LiNi0.85Mg0.15PO410.04015.85984.6682Pnma275.1785
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