Geological and geochemical implications of the genesis of the Qolqoleh orogenic gold mineralisation, Kurdistan Province (Iran)

Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L. & Mouthereau, F., 2005. Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94, 401-419.10.1007/s00531-005-0481-4Search in Google Scholar

Alavi, M., 1994. Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations. Tectonophysics 229, 211-238.10.1016/0040-1951(94)90030-2Search in Google Scholar

Alavi, M., 2004. Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros folded-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304, 1-20.10.2475/ajs.304.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Alavi, M., 2007. Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. American Journal of Science 307, 1064-1095.10.2475/09.2007.02Search in Google Scholar

Aliyari, F., Rastad, E. & Zengqian, H., 2007. Orogenic gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh gold deposit, Northwestern Iran. Resource Geology 57, 262-289.10.1111/j.1751-3928.2007.00022.xSearch in Google Scholar

Aliyari, F., Ebrahim, R., Mohammad, M. & Greg, B.A., 2009. Geology and geochemistry of D-O-C isotope systematics of the Qolqoleh gold deposit, Northwestern Iran: Implications for ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews 36, 306-314.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.06.003Search in Google Scholar

Aliyari, F., Ebrahim, R., Goldfarb, R. & Sharif, j.A., 2012. Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit in the northern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.001.10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.001Search in Google Scholar

Arvin, M., Pan, Y., Dargahi, S., Malekizadeh, A. & Babaei, A., 2007. Petrochemistry of the Siah-Kuh granitoid stock southwest of Kerman, Iran: implications for initiation of Neotethys subduction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 474-489.10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.01.001Search in Google Scholar

Azizi, H. & Moinevaziri, H., 2009. Review of the tectonic setting of Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism in northwestern Iran. Journal of Geodynamics 47, 167-179.10.1016/j.jog.2008.12.002Search in Google Scholar

Baharifar, A., Moinevaziri, H., Bellon, H. & Pique, A., 2004. The crystalline complexes of Hamadan (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, western Iran): metasedimentary Mesozoic sequences affected by late Cretaceous tectono-metamorphic and plutonic events. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 336, 1443-1452.10.1016/j.crte.2004.09.014Search in Google Scholar

Bailey, C.M., Simpson, C. & De Paor, D.G., 1994. Volume loss and tectonic flattening strain in granitic mylonites from the Blue Ridge province, central Appalachians. Journal of Structural Geology 16, 1403-1416.10.1016/0191-8141(94)90005-1Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, R.J., 1997. Clathrates: computer programs to calculate fluid inclusion V-X properties using clathrate melting temperatures. Computer Geosciences 23, 1-18.10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00073-8Search in Google Scholar

Bakker, R.J., 1999. Optimal interpretation of microthermometrical data from fluid inclusions: thermodynamic modeling and computer programming. Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, 50 pp. (in German) Bau, M., 1991. Rare-earth elements mobility during hydrothermal and metamorphic fluid-rock interaction and the significance of the oxidation state of Europium. Chemical Geology 93, 219-230.10.1016/0009-2541(91)90115-8Search in Google Scholar

Berberian, M., 1976. Seismotectonic Map of Iran, 1:2500000. Geological Survey of Iran.Search in Google Scholar

Berberian, F. & Berberian, M., 1981. Tectono-plutonic episodes in Iran. [In:] Gupta, H.K. & Delany, F.M. (Eds), Zagros-Hijndu Kush-Himalaya geodynamic evolution. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamic Series 3, 5-32.10.1029/GD003p0005Search in Google Scholar

Berberian, M. & King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18, 210-26.10.1139/e81-019Search in Google Scholar

Berberian, M., 1983. The Southern Caspian: A Compressional Depression Floored by a Trapped, Modified Oceanic Crust. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20, 163-83.10.1139/e83-015Search in Google Scholar

Berberian, M., 1995. Master blind thrust faults hidden under the Zagros folds: active basement tectonics and surface morphotectonics. Tectonophysics 241, 193-224.10.1016/0040-1951(94)00185-CSearch in Google Scholar

Bierlein, F.P., Hughes, M., Dunphy, J., McKnight, S., Reynolds, P.R. & Waldron, H.M., 2001. Trace element geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar ages, Sm-Nd systematics and tectonic implications of mafic- intermediate dykes associated with orogenic lode gold mineralisation in central Victoria, Australia. Lithos 58, 1-31.10.1016/S0024-4937(01)00050-0Search in Google Scholar

Bodnar, R.J., 1983. A method of calculating fluid inclusion volumes based on vapor bubble diameters and P-V-T-X properties on inclusion fluid. Economic Geology 78, 535-542.10.2113/gsecongeo.78.3.535Search in Google Scholar

Brown, P.E., 1989. FLINCOR: A microcomputer program for the reduction and investigation of fluid-inclusion data. American Mineralogist Journal 74, 1390-1393.Search in Google Scholar

Brown, P.E. & Hagemann, S.G., 1995. MacFlincor and its application to fluids in Archean lodegold deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta 59, 3943-3952.10.1016/0016-7037(95)00254-WSearch in Google Scholar

Burrows, D.R. & Spooner, E.T.C ., 1989. Pb isotope geochemistry of the Silidor and Launay gold deposits; implications for the source of Archean Au in the Abitibi Subprovince. Economic Geology 88, 1722-1730.10.2113/gsecongeo.88.6.1722Search in Google Scholar

Cameron, E.M., 1988. Archean gold: relation to granulite formation and redox zoning in the crust. Geology 16, 109-112.10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0109:AGRTGF>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Cameron, E.M., 1989. Scouring of gold from the lower crust. Geology 17, 26-29.10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0026:SOGFTL>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Clayton, R.N., O,Neil, L.R. & Mayeda, T.K., 1972. Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water. Journal of Geophysical Research 77, 3057-3067.10.1029/JB077i017p03057Search in Google Scholar

Colvine, A.C., 1989. An empirical model for the formation of Archean gold deposits: Products of final cratonization of the Superior Province, Canada, [In:] Keys, R.R., Ramsay, W.R.H. & Groves, D.I. (Eds), The Geology of Gold Deposits: The Perspective in 1988. Economic Geology Monograph 6, 37-53.10.5382/Mono.06.03Search in Google Scholar

Condie, K.C. & Sinha, A.K., 1996. Rare earth and other trace element mobility during mylonitization: a comparison of the Brevard and Hope Valley shear zones in the Appalachian mountains, USA. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 14, 213-226.10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.05899.xSearch in Google Scholar

De Ronde, C.E.J., Faure, K., Bray, C.J. & Whitford, D.J., 2000. Round Hill shear zone-hosted gold deposit, Macraes flat, Otago, New Zealand: evidence of a magmatic ore fluid. Economic Geology 95, 1025-1048.10.2113/gsecongeo.95.5.1025Search in Google Scholar

Diamond, L.W., 2003. Systematics of H2O inclusions. [In:] Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D. (Eds) Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course 32, 55-79.Search in Google Scholar

Dickin, A.P., 1988. Evidence for limited REE leaching from the Roffna Gneiss, Switzerland - a discussion of the paper by Vocke et al. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 99, 273-275.10.1007/BF00371468Search in Google Scholar

Dipple, G.M., Wintsch, R.P. & Andrews, M.S., 1990. Identification of the scales of differential element mobility in a ductile shear zone. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 8, 645-661.10.1111/j.1525-1314.1990.tb00493.xSearch in Google Scholar

Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., 1973. The Mahabad Quadrangle Map, 1:250000. Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran.Search in Google Scholar

Eftekhar-Nezhad, J., 1981. Tectonic division of Iran with respect to sedimentary basins. Journal of Iranian Petroleum Society 82, 19-28 (in Farsi).Search in Google Scholar

Felsche, J. & Herrmann, A.G., 1978. Yitrium and lanthanides. [In:] Wedpohl, K. (Ed.), Handbook of Geochemistry. Springer-Verlag, New York, 57-71.Search in Google Scholar

Fourcade, S., Marquer, D. & Javoy, M., 1989. 18O/16O variations and fluid circulation in a deep shear zone: the case of the alpine ultramylonites from the Aar massif (Central Alps, Switzerland). Chemical Geology 77, 119-131.10.1016/0009-2541(89)90137-XSearch in Google Scholar

Ghasemi, A. & Talbot, C.J., 2006. A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26, 683-693.10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.01.003Search in Google Scholar

Glazner, A.F. & Bartley, J.M., 1991. Volume loss fluid flow and state of strain in the extensional mylonites from the central Mojave Desert, California. Journal of Structural Geology 5, 587-594.10.1016/0191-8141(91)90045-KSearch in Google Scholar

Goddard, J.V. & Evans, J.P., 1995. Chemical changes and fluid-rock interaction in faults of crystalline thrust sheets, northwestern Wyoming, USA. Journal of Structural Geology 17, 533-547.10.1016/0191-8141(94)00068-BSearch in Google Scholar

Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I. & Gardoll, S., 2001. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geology Reviews 18, 1-75.10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6Search in Google Scholar

Goldfarb, R.J., Ayuso, R., Miller, M.L., Ebert, S.W., Marsh, E.E., Petsel, S.A., Miller, L.D., Bradley, D., Johnson, G. & Mcclelland, W., 2004. The Late Cretaceous Donlin Creek Gold Deposit, Southwestern Alaska: Controls on Epizonal Ore Formation. Economic Geology 99, 643-671.10.2113/gsecongeo.99.4.643Search in Google Scholar

Goldfarb, R.J., Baker, T., Dube, B., Groves, D.I., Hart, C.J.R. & Gosselin, P., 2005. Distribution, character and genesis of gold deposits in metamorphic terranes. Economic Geology 100th Anniv., 407-450.10.5382/AV100.14Search in Google Scholar

Grant, J.A., 1986. The isocon diagram - a simple solution to Gresens’ equation for metasomatic alteration. Economic Geology 81, 1976-1982.10.2113/gsecongeo.81.8.1976Search in Google Scholar

Grant, J.A., 2005. Isocon analysis: A brief review of the method and applications. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 30, 997-1004.10.1016/j.pce.2004.11.003Search in Google Scholar

Gresens, R.L., 1967. Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism. Chemical Geology 2, 47-65.10.1016/0009-2541(67)90004-6Search in Google Scholar

Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre, M.M., Hagemann, S.G. & Robert, F., 1998. Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Reviews 13, 7-27.10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00012-7Search in Google Scholar

Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Knox-Robinson, C.M., Ojala, J., Gardoll, S., Yun, G. & Holyland, P., 2000. Late-kinematic timing of orogenic gold deposits and significance for computer-based exploration techniques with emphasis on the Yilgarn block, Western Australia. Ore Geology Reviews 17, 1-38.10.1016/S0169-1368(00)00002-0Search in Google Scholar

Guilbert, J.M. & Park, C.F., 1997. The geology of ore deposits. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 985pp.Search in Google Scholar

Haas, J.R., Shock, E.L. & Sassani, D.C., 1995. Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems: estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 4329-4350.10.1016/0016-7037(95)00314-PSearch in Google Scholar

Hagemann, S.G., Gebre-Mariam, G. & Groves, D.L., 1994. Surface-water influx in shallow-level Archean lode gold deposits in Western Australia. Geology 22, 1067-1070.10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1067:SWIISL>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Hippertt, J.F., 1998. Breakdown of feldspar, volume gain and lateral mass transfer during mylonitization of granitoid in a low metamorphic grade shear zone. Journal of Structural Geology 20, 175-193.10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00083-7Search in Google Scholar

Ingles, J., Lamouroux, C., Soula, J.C., Guerrero, N. & Debat, P., 1999. Nucleation of ductile shear zone in a granodiorite under greenschist facies conditions, Néouvielle massif, Pyrenees, France Journal of Structural Geology 21, 555-576.10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00042-5Search in Google Scholar

Irvine, T.N. & Baragar, W.R.A., 1971. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 523-548.10.1139/e71-055Search in Google Scholar

Kerrich, R., Allison, I., Barnett, R.L., Moss, S. & Starkey, J., 1980. Microstructural and chemical transformations accompanying deformation of granite in a shear zone at Mieville, Switzerland; with implications for stress corrosion cracking and superplastic flow. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 73, 221-241.10.1007/BF00381442Search in Google Scholar

Kesler, S.E., 2005. Ore-forming fluids. Elements 1, 13-18.10.2113/gselements.1.1.13Search in Google Scholar

Kikawada, Y., 2001. Experimental studies on the mobility of lanthanides accompanying alteration of andesite by acidic hot spring water. Chemical Geology 176, 137-149.10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00375-2Search in Google Scholar

Kwon, S., Park, Y., Park, C. & Kim, H.S., 2009. Mass-balance analysis of bulk-rock chemical changes during mylonitization of a megacryst- bearing granitoid, Cheongsan shear zone, Korea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 35, 489-501.10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.02.011Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, A.J., Palmer, M.R., Sturchio, N.C. & Kemp, A.J., 1997. The rare earth element geochemistry of acid-sulphate and acid-sulphate-chloride geothermal systems from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, 695-706.10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00384-5Search in Google Scholar

Lottermoser, B.G., 1992. Rare earth elements and hydrothermal ore formation processes. Ore Geology Reviews 7, 25-41.10.1016/0169-1368(92)90017-FSearch in Google Scholar

McCuaig, T.C. & Kerrich. R., 1998. P-T-t-deformation- fluid characteristics of lode gold deposits: evidence from alteration systematics. Ore Geology Reviews 12, 381-453.10.1016/S0169-1368(98)00010-9Search in Google Scholar

Michard, A., 1989. Rare earth element systematic in hydrothermal fluid. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 745-750.10.1016/0016-7037(89)90017-3Search in Google Scholar

Mohajjel, M., 1997. Structure and tectonic evolution of Palaeozoic-Mesozoic rocks, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran. University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 284 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Mohajjel, M., 2000. Geological map of the Qolqoleh and Kervian gold deposits, 1:5000. Geological Survey of Iran.Search in Google Scholar

Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L. & Sahandi, M.R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, 397-412.10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00035-4Search in Google Scholar

Moinevaziri, H., 1985. Volcanisme Tértiaire et Quatérnaire en Iran. [Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism in Iran]. University Paris-Sud, Paris, 290 pp. (in French) Murray, R.W., Brink, M.R., Jones, D.L., Gerlach, D.C. & Russ, G.P., 1990. REE as indicators of deffrent marine depositional environments in chert and shale. Geology 18, 268-271.10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0268:REEAIO>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Nakamura, N., 1974. Determination of REE, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na and K in carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites. Geochimical Acta 38, 757-775.10.1016/0016-7037(74)90149-5Search in Google Scholar

Nesbitt, B.E., Muehlenbachs, K. & Murrowchick, J.B., 1989. Genetic implications of the stable isotope characteristics of mesothermal Au deposits and related Sb and Hg deposits in the Canadian Cordillera. Economic Geology 84, 1489-1506.10.2113/gsecongeo.84.6.1489Search in Google Scholar

Newman, J. & Mitra, G., 1993. Lateral variations in mylonite zone thickness as influenced by fluid- rock interactions, Linville Falls fault, North Carolina. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 849-863.10.1016/0191-8141(93)90180-ISearch in Google Scholar

Niroomand, S., Goldfarb, R.J., Moore, F., Mohajjel, M. & Marsh, E.E., 2011. The Kharapeh orogenic gold deposit: geological, structural, and geochemical controls on epizonal ore formation in West Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran. Mineralium Deposita 46, 409-428. O’Hara, K., 1988. Fluid flow and volume loss during mylonitization: an origin for phyllonites in an overthrust setting, North Carolina. USA. Tectonophysics 156, 21-36.10.1007/s00126-011-0335-xSearch in Google Scholar

O’Hara, K. & Blackburn, W.H., 1989. Volume-loss model for trace-element enrichments in mylonites. Geology 17, 524-527.10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0524:VLMFTE>2.3.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

O’Hara, K., 1990. State of strain in mylonites from the western Blue Ridge province, southern Appalachians: the role of volume loss. Journal of Structural Geology 12, 419-430.10.1016/0191-8141(90)90031-SSearch in Google Scholar

Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., Mathieu, B., Prouteau, G. & Jolivet, L., 2008. Arc-magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran. A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences. Lithos 106, 380-398.10.1016/j.lithos.2008.09.008Search in Google Scholar

Pattrick, R.A.D., Boyce, A. & MacIntyre, R.M., 1988. Gold and silver mineralization at Tyndrum, Scotland. Mineralogy and Petrology 38, 61-76.10.1007/BF01162482Search in Google Scholar

Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.W. & Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 956-983.10.1093/petrology/25.4.956Search in Google Scholar

Pirajno, F., 2009. Hydrothermal mineral deposits, principle and fundamental concept for the exploration geologist. Springer, 706 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Roedder, E., 1984. Fluid inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy 12, 644.10.1515/9781501508271Search in Google Scholar

Rolland, Y., Cox, S., Boullier, A.M., Pennacchioni, G. & Mancktelow, N., 2003. Rare earth and tracen element mobility in mid-crustal shear zones: insights from the Mont Blanc Massif (Western Alps). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 214, 203-219.10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00372-8Search in Google Scholar

Rollinson, H.R., 1993. Using geochemical data: evolution, presentation, interpretation. Longman, London, 652 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Sarkarinejad, K. & Alizadeh, A., 2009. Dynamic model for the exhumation of the Tutak gneiss dome within a bivergent wedge in the Zagros Thrust System of Iran. Journal of Geodynamics 47, 201-209. 10.1016/j.jog.2008.09.003Search in Google Scholar

Selverstone, J., Morteani, G. & Stuade, J.M., 1991. Fluid channelling during ductile shearing: transformation of granodiorite into aluminous schist in the Tauern Window, eastern Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9, 419-431.10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00536.xSearch in Google Scholar

Shahabpour, J., 2005. Tectonic evolution of the orogenic belt in the region located between Kerman and Neyriz. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 24, 405-17.10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.11.007Search in Google Scholar

Sheikholeslami, M.R., Pique, A., Mobayen, P., Sabzehei, M., Bellon, H. & Hashem Emami, M., 2008. Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Neyriz metamorphic complex, Quri-Kor-e-Sefid area (Sanandaj- Sirjan Zone, SW Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 31, 504-521.10.1016/j.jseaes.2007.07.004Search in Google Scholar

Shepherd, T.J., Rankin, A.H. & Alderton, D.H.M., 1985. A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies. Blackie, Glasgow, 239 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Sinha, A.K., Hewitt, D.A. & Rimstidt, J.D., 1986. Fluid interaction and element mobility in the development of ultramylonites. Geology 14, 883-886.10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<883:FIAEMI>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

So, C.S. & Yun, S.T., 1997. Jurassic mesothermal gold mineralization of the Samhwanghak mine, Youngdong area, Republic of Korea: constraints on hydrothermal fluid chemistry. Economic Geology 92, 60-80.10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.60Search in Google Scholar

Sterner, S.M. & Bodnar, R.J., 1984. Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. I. Compositional types synthesized and applications to experimental geochemistry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48, 2659-2668.10.1016/0016-7037(84)90314-4Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, S.R. & McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Touret, J. & Dietvorst, P., 1983. Fluid inclusions in high-grade anatectic metamorphites. Journal of the Geological Society of London 140, 635-649.10.1144/gsjgs.140.4.0635Search in Google Scholar

Touret, J.L.R., 2001. Fluids in metamorphic rocks Lithos 55, 1-26.10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00036-0Search in Google Scholar

Vance, R.K. & Condie, K.C., 1987. Geochemistry of footwall alteration associated with the early Proterozoic United Veerde massive sulfide deposit, Jerome, Arizona. Economic Geology 82, 571-586.10.2113/gsecongeo.82.3.571Search in Google Scholar

Wendlandt, R.F. & Harrison, W.J., 1979. Rare earth partitioning between immiscible carbonate and silicate liquids and CO2 vapour: results and implications for the formation of light rare- earth-enriched rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69, 409-419.10.1007/BF00372266Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, J.J., 2001. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos 55,229-272.10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5Search in Google Scholar

Wood, S.A., 1990. The aqueous geochemistry of the rare-earth elements and Yttrium. 2. Theoretical predictions of speciation in hydrothermal solutions to 350°C at saturation water vapour pressure. Chemical Geology 88, 99-125.10.1016/0009-2541(90)90106-HSearch in Google Scholar

Zhang, X.H., Liu, Q., Ma, Y.J. & Wang, H., 2005. Geology, fluid inclusions, isotope geochemistry, and geochronology of the Paishanlou shear zone-hosted Gold Deposit, North China Craton. Ore Geology Reviews 26, 325-348. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.03.001Search in Google Scholar