<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><bold>Introduction:</bold> The objective of this study was to describe a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach for determination of a rational dosage of ampicillin (AMP) and depletion of the antibiotic residues in milk after intramammary administration to cows.<bold>Material and Methods:</bold> The cows came from different farms from the Lublin Province area. They (n = 9) received 5 g of the drug, containing 75 mg of AMP sodium in physiological solution, through a syringe tube by intramammary administration. Following single intramammary administration, the milk samples (5 mL) were collected after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on the Agilent 1200 system connected to an AB Sciex API 4000™ mass spectrometer. The pharmacokinetic analysis of the concentrations of the antibiotic in milk was performed using software Phoenix® WinNonlin® 6.4. Calculations were made in non-compartmental (slopes, highest, amounts, and moments) and compartmental analysis.<bold>Results:</bold> The pharmacokinetic characteristics of AMP after intramammary administration indicate rapid elimination of the drug from milk. The mean residence time had a several-fold lower value than the designated elimination half-life and amounts to only 3.4 h. The concentration of the drug in the milk dropped relatively quickly and the process was very dynamic.<bold>Conclusion:</bold> The conducted research confirms the rationale of using the PK/PD model in order to verify the dosing regimen for other antibiotic groups and various indicators of the applied PK/PD model.</abstract>

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach for determination of a rational dosage of ampicillin (AMP) and depletion of the antibiotic residues in milk after intramammary administration to cows.Material and Methods: The cows came from different farms from the Lublin Province area. They (n = 9) received 5 g of the drug, containing 75 mg of AMP sodium in physiological solution, through a syringe tube by intramammary administration. Following single intramammary administration, the milk samples (5 mL) were collected after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on the Agilent 1200 system connected to an AB Sciex API 4000™ mass spectrometer. The pharmacokinetic analysis of the concentrations of the antibiotic in milk was performed using software Phoenix® WinNonlin® 6.4. Calculations were made in non-compartmental (slopes, highest, amounts, and moments) and compartmental analysis.Results: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of AMP after intramammary administration indicate rapid elimination of the drug from milk. The mean residence time had a several-fold lower value than the designated elimination half-life and amounts to only 3.4 h. The concentration of the drug in the milk dropped relatively quickly and the process was very dynamic.Conclusion: The conducted research confirms the rationale of using the PK/PD model in order to verify the dosing regimen for other antibiotic groups and various indicators of the applied PK/PD model.

Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model and ampicillin residue depletion after intramammary administration in cows

Sub-Department of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach for determination of a rational dosage of...

Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model and ampicillin residue depletion after intramammary administration in cows

Published Online: May 28, 2016

Page range: 169 - 176

Received: Dec 11, 2015

Accepted: May 16, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0025

Keywords
cows, milk, ampicillin, intramammary administration, medicinal properties, residues

© 2016 Artur Burmańczuk et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model and ampicillin residue depletion after intramammary administration in cows

Published Online: May 28, 2016

Page range: 169 - 176

Received: Dec 11, 2015

Accepted: May 16, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0025

Keywordscows, milk, ampicillin, intramammary administration, medicinal properties, residues

© 2016 Artur Burmańczuk et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
cows, milk, ampicillin, intramammary administration, medicinal properties, residues