Legitimation of the Referendum - the Standard Mechanism of Participatory Democracy

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[2] Direct Democracy, when people are self-governed; Representative democracy, when power, which cannot be exercised directly by the people or the nation, requires representation, delegation to act in the name of the power-holder, the people; Within it, the people delegate their sovereignty to some principals, who have the capacity to decide on their behalf; Semi-representative democracy, a form of government resulting from the mitigation of the negative consequences of ultra-representativeness; semi-direct democracy, characterized by the coexistence of representative democracy with direct democracy.Search in Google Scholar

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[16] An example of this is Chile and its famous dictator, accused of crimes against humanity, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. The 1981 state constitution, written by Pinochet’s military junta and approved by popular referendum, stipulated that at the end of Pinochet’s 8-year term, the junta would elect a candidate and the voters would be called upon to support or reject it. Junta chose Pinochet, but the referendum of October 5, 1988 had an unexpected result: Of 92% of the participants, 55% responded with no. Pinochet accepted the outcome, and in 1989, after a democratic election, which had been disputed among several candidates, Chile had a new presidentSearch in Google Scholar

[17] This is the case of Belgium in 1950 on the return of King Leopold III to the throne, and the case of Great Britain in 1975 on the remaining in the European Economic Community.Search in Google Scholar

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