ACL Primary Repair with Bone Marrow Stimulation and Growth Factors. A Review of Literature

1. Kraeutler MJ, Wolsky RM, Vidal AF, Bravman JT. Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Native and Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Surgical Implications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99:438-445.10.2106/JBJS.16.0075428244915Search in Google Scholar

2. Petersen W, Zantop T. Anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament with regard to its two bundles. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;454:35-47.10.1097/BLO.0b013e31802b4a5917075382Search in Google Scholar

3. Costa-Paz M, Ayerza MA, Tanoira I, Astoul J, Muscolo DL. Spontaneous Healing in Complete ACL Ruptures: A Clinical and MRI Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470: 979-985.10.1007/s11999-011-1933-8329395321643922Search in Google Scholar

4. Roe J, Salmon L, Waller A, Linklater J, Pinczewski L. Spontaneous Healing of the Ruptured Anterior Cruciate Ligament. A Case Series of 21 Patients. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4:2325967116S00080.10.1177/2325967116S00080Search in Google Scholar

5. Swedish ACL Register. Annual Report 2014. Available at: https://www.artroclinic.se/info/rapport2014en.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

6. Samitier G, Marcano AI, Alentorn-Geli E, Cugat R, Farmer KW, Moser MW. Failure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2015;3:220-240.Search in Google Scholar

7. Ménétrey J, Duthon VB, Laumonier T, Fritschy D. “Biological failure” of the anterior cruciate ligament graft. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008;16:224-231.10.1007/s00167-007-0474-x18183368Search in Google Scholar

8. Claes S, Verdonk P, Forsyth R, Bellemans J. The “ligamentization” process in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: what happens to the human graft? A systematic review of the literature. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:2476-2483.10.1177/036354651140266221515806Search in Google Scholar

9. Rizzello G, Longo UG, Petrillo S, et al. Growth Factors and Stem Cells for the Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears. Open Orthop J. 2012;6:525-530.10.2174/1874325001206010525352209623248722Search in Google Scholar

10. Bissell L, Tibrewal S, Sahni V, Khan WS. Growth factors and platelet rich plasma in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2015;10:19-25.10.2174/1574888X09666140710102002Search in Google Scholar

11. Laver L, Marom N, Dnyanesh L, Mei-Dan O, Espregueira-Mendes J, Gobbi A. PRP for Degenerative Cartilage Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Cartilage. 2016:1947603516670709.10.1177/1947603516670709561389228317389Search in Google Scholar

12. Andriolo L, Di Matteo B, Kon E, Filardo G, Venieri G, Marcacci M. PRP Augmentation for ACL Reconstruction. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:371746.10.1155/2015/371746443062926064903Search in Google Scholar

13. Mirzatolooei F, Alamdari MT, Khalkhali HR. The impact of platelet-rich plasma on the prevention of tunnel widening in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled autologous hamstring tendon: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2013;95:65-69.10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.30487Search in Google Scholar

14. Vadalà A, Iorio R, De Carli A. Platelet-rich plasma: does it help reduce tunnel widening after ACL reconstruction? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:824-829.Search in Google Scholar

15. Orrego M, Larrain C, Rosales J. Effects of platelet concentrate and a bone plug on the healing of hamstring tendons in a bone tunnel. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:1373-1380.10.1016/j.arthro.2008.07.016Search in Google Scholar

16. de Almeida AM, Demange MK, Sobrado MF, Rodrigues MB, Pedrinelli A, Hernandez A J. Patellar tendon healing with platelet-rich plasma: a prospective randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012;40:1282-1288.10.1177/0363546512441344Search in Google Scholar

17. Cervellin M, de Girolamo L, Bait C, Denti M, Volpi P. Autologous plateletrich plasma gel to reduce donor-site morbidity after patellar tendon graft harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized, controlled clinical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20:114-120.10.1007/s00167-011-1570-5Search in Google Scholar

18. Jang KM, Lim HC, Bae JH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhancing Biologic Healing after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2015;10:535-547.10.2174/1574888X10666150528153025Search in Google Scholar

19. Cheng KH, Kuo TL, Kuo KK, Hsiao CC. Human adipose-derived stem cells: Isolation, characterization and current application in regeneration medicine. Genomic Med Biomarkers Health Sci. 2011;3:53-62.10.1016/j.gmbhs.2011.08.003Search in Google Scholar

20. Dominici M, Le blanc K, Mueller I, et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006;8:315-317.10.1080/14653240600855905Search in Google Scholar

21. Kanaya A, Deie M, Adachi N, Nishimori M, Yanada S, Ochi M. Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stromal cells in partially torn anterior cruciate ligaments in a rat model. Arthroscopy. 2007;23:610-617.10.1016/j.arthro.2007.01.013Search in Google Scholar

22. Silva A, Sampaio R, Fernandes R, Pinto E. Is there a role for adult noncultivated bone marrow stem cells in ACL reconstruction? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014;22:66-71.Search in Google Scholar

23. Soon MY, Hassan A, Hui JH, Goh JC, Lee EH. An analysis of soft tissue allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model: a short-term study of the use of mesenchymal stem cells to enhance tendon osteointegration. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:962-971.10.1177/0363546507300057Search in Google Scholar

24. Lim JK, Hui J, Li L, Thambyah A, Goh J, Lee EH. Enhancement of tendon graft osteointegration using mesenchymal stem cells in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2004;20:899-910.10.1016/S0749-8063(04)00653-XSearch in Google Scholar

25. Cheng MT, Liu CL, Chen TH, Lee OK. Comparison of potentials between stem cells isolated from human anterior cruciate ligament and bone marrow for ligament tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering—Part A. 2010;16:2237-2253.10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0664Search in Google Scholar

26. Proffen BL, Perrone GS, Gordon R. Bridge-Enhanced ACL Repair: A Review of the Science and the Pathway through FDA Investigational Device Approval. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015;43:805-818.10.1007/s10439-015-1257-zSearch in Google Scholar

27. Dunn MG, Liesch JB, Tiku ML, Zawadsky JP. Development of fibroblastseeded ligament analogs for ACL reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res. 1995;29:1363-1371.10.1002/jbm.820291107Search in Google Scholar

28. Bellincampi LD, Closkey RF, Prasad R, Zawadsky JP, Dunn MG. Viability of fibroblast-seeded ligament analogs after autogenous implantation. J Orthop Res. 1998;16:414-420.10.1002/jor.1100160404Search in Google Scholar

29. Murray MM, Spector M. The migration of cells from the ruptured human anterior cruciate ligament into collagen-glycosaminoglycan regeneration templates in vitro. Biomaterials. 2001;22:2393-2402.10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00426-9Search in Google Scholar

30. Panas-Perez E, Gatt CJ, Dunn MG. Development of a silk and collagen fiber scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013;24:257-265.10.1007/s10856-012-4781-5Search in Google Scholar

31. Altman GH, Horan RL, Lu HH, et al. Silk matrix for tissue engineered anterior cruciate ligaments. Biomaterials. 2002;23:4131-4141.10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00156-4Search in Google Scholar

32. Fan H, Liu H, Toh SL, Goh JC. Anterior cruciate ligament regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and silk scaffold in large animal model. Biomaterials. 2009;30:4967-4977.10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.04819539988Search in Google Scholar

33. Cardwell RD, Dahlgren LA, Goldstein AS. Electrospun fibre diameter, not alignment, affects mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into the tendon/ligament lineage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2014;8:937-945.10.1002/term.158923038413Search in Google Scholar