Cite

1. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD. 2016. Goldcopd.org.Search in Google Scholar

2. Barnes PJ, Shapiro SD, Pauwels RA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms. Eur Respir J. 2003;22(4):672-688.10.1183/09031936.03.00040703Search in Google Scholar

3. Hogg JC. Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in COPD. Lancet. 2004;364:709-721.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16900-6Search in Google Scholar

4. Holguin F, Folch E, Redd SC, Mannino DM. Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. Chest. 2005;128:2005-2011.10.1378/chest.128.4.200516236848Search in Google Scholar

5. Garcia-Rio F, Miravitlles M, Soriano JB, et al. Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study. Respir Res. 2010;11:63.10.1186/1465-9921-11-63289167720500811Search in Google Scholar

6. Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al. Susceptibility to Exacerbation in COPD, ECLIPSE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1128-1138.10.1056/NEJMoa090988320843247Search in Google Scholar

7. Hurst JR, Wedzicha JA. The biology of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Clin Chest Med. 2007;28:525-536.10.1016/j.ccm.2007.05.00317720041Search in Google Scholar

8. Miravitlles M, Kruesmann F, Haverstock D, Perroncel R, Choudhri SH, Arvis P. Sputum colour and bacteria in chronic bronchitis exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2012;39:1354-1360.10.1183/09031936.0004211122034649Search in Google Scholar

9. Liesker JJ, Bathoorn E, Postma DS et al. Sputum inflammation predicts exacerbations after cessation of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Respir Med. 2011;105:1853-1860.10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.00221802933Search in Google Scholar

10. Agusti A, Sin DD. Biomarkers in COPD. Clin Chest Med. 2014;35:131-141.10.1016/j.ccm.2013.09.00624507841Search in Google Scholar

11. Koutsokera A, Kostikas K, Nicod LP, Fitting JW. Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review. Respir Res. 2013;14:111.10.1186/1465-9921-14-111401498924143945Search in Google Scholar

12. Barnes P, Chowdhury B, Kharitonov S, et al. Pulmonary biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(1):6-14.10.1164/rccm.200510-1659PP16556692Search in Google Scholar

13. Sethi S, Muscarella K, Evans N, Klingman KL, Grant BJ, Murphy TF. Airway inflammation and etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest. 2000;118:1557-1565.10.1378/chest.118.6.155711115440Search in Google Scholar

14. M Cazzola, G Novelli. Biomarkers in COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2010;23(6):493-500.10.1016/j.pupt.2010.05.00120471487Search in Google Scholar

15. PM Ridker. CRP, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Among Those at Intermediate RiskMoving an Inflammatory Hypothesis Consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(21):2129-2138.10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.05217531663Search in Google Scholar

16. Piehl-Aulin K, Jones I, Lindvall B, Magnuson A, Abdel-Halim SM. Increased serum inflammatory markers in the absence of clinical and skeletal muscle inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2009;78(2):191-196.10.1159/00020779319270439Search in Google Scholar

17. Kanazawa H, Asai K, Nomura S. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a non-invasive marker of pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with bronchitis-type of COPD. Respir Res. 2007;8(1):22.10.1186/1465-9921-8-22182805317343763Search in Google Scholar

18. Valipour A, Schreder M, Wolzt M, et al. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and systemic inflammatory markers in stable and exacerbated COPD. Clin Sci. 2008:115(7):225-232.10.1042/CS2007038218307413Search in Google Scholar

19. Brekke PH, Omland T, Holmedal SH, et al. Troponin T elevation and long-term mortality after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:563-570.10.1183/09031936.0001580718032444Search in Google Scholar

20. Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM, et al. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in COPD. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(10):1005-12.10.1056/NEJMoa02132214999112Search in Google Scholar

21. Devaraj S, Singh U, Jialal I. The evolving role of CRP in atherothrombosis. Clin Chem. 2009;55:229-238.10.1373/clinchem.2008.108886266284619095731Search in Google Scholar

22. Pinto-Plata VM, Müllerova H, Toso JF, et al. C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers and non-smokers. Thorax. 2006;61:23-28.10.1136/thx.2005.042200208071416143583Search in Google Scholar

23. Shaaban R, Kony S, Driss F, et al. Change in Creactive protein levels and FEV1 decline: a longitudinal population-based study. Respir Med. 2006;100(12):2112-2120.10.1016/j.rmed.2006.03.02716650972Search in Google Scholar

24. Donaldson GC. C-reactive Protein: does it predict mortality? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(3):209-210.10.1164/rccm.200610-1565ED17234909Search in Google Scholar

25. Aksu F, Çapan N, Aksu K, et al. C-reactive protein levels are raised in stable COPD patients independent of smoking behavior and biomass exposure. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5(4):414-421.Search in Google Scholar

26. Higashimoto Y, Iwata T, Okada M, Satoh H, Fukuda K, Tohda Y. Serum biomarkers as predictors of lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2009;103(8):1231-1238.10.1016/j.rmed.2009.01.02119249197Search in Google Scholar

27. Man SF, Connett JE, Anthonisen NR, et al. C-reactive protein and mortality in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2006;61:849-853.10.1136/thx.2006.059808210475516738034Search in Google Scholar

28. Shaker SB, von Wachenfeldt KA, Larsson S, et al. (2008), Identification of patients with COPD by measurement of plasma biomarkers. Clin Respir J. 2008;2(1):17-25.10.1111/j.1752-699X.2007.00032.x20298300Search in Google Scholar

29. Sin DD, Man SF, Marciniuk DD, et al. The effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:1207-1214.10.1164/rccm.200709-1356OC18310480Search in Google Scholar

30. Groenewegen KH, Postma DS, Hop WC, Wielders PL, Schlösser NJ, Wouters EF. COSMIC Study Group. Increased systemic inflammation is a risk factor for COPD exacerbations. Chest. 2008;133:350-357.10.1378/chest.07-134218198263Search in Google Scholar

31. Dahl M, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Vestbo J, Lange P, Nordestgaard BG. Elevated plasma fibrinogen associated with reduced pulmonary function and increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1008-1011.10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.201006711587987Search in Google Scholar

32. Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Patel IS, et al. Airway and systemic inflammation and decline in lung function in COPD. Chest. 2005;128(4):1995-2004.10.1378/chest.128.4.1995717240516236847Search in Google Scholar

33. Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli B, et al. Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) investigators. Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir Res. 2010;11:122.10.1186/1465-9921-11-122Search in Google Scholar

34. Bafadhel M, McKenna S, Terry S, et al. Blood eosinophils to direct corticosteroid treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186:48-55.10.1164/rccm.201108-1553OCSearch in Google Scholar

35. Tokman S, Schuetz P, Bent S. Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for COPD exacerbations. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2011;9(6):727-735.10.1586/eri.11.45Search in Google Scholar

36. Afshari A, Harbarth S. Procalcitonin as diagnostic biomarker of sepsis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(5):382-384.10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70026-4Search in Google Scholar

37. Soreng K, Levy HR. Procalcitonin: an Emerging Biomarker of Bacterial Sepsis. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 2011;33(22):171-178.10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2011.10.004Search in Google Scholar

38. Valipour A, Schreder M, Wolzt M, et al. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and systemic inflammatory markers in patients with stable and exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008;115(7):225-32.10.1042/CS2007038218307413Search in Google Scholar

39. Crouch EC. Surfactant protein-D and pulmonary host defense. Respir Res. 2000;1(2):93-108.10.1186/rr195954911667972Search in Google Scholar

40. Sin DD, Pahlavan PS, Man SF. Surfactant protein D: a lung specific biomarker in COPD? Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2008;2(2):65-74.10.1177/175346580808890319124360Search in Google Scholar

41. 41.Vestbo J, Anderson W, Coxson HO, et al. Evaluation of COPD longitudinally to identify predictive surrogate end-points (ECLIPSE). Eur Respir J. 2008;31:869-873.10.1183/09031936.0011170718216052Search in Google Scholar

42. Hodge S, Hodge G, Nairn J, et al. Increased airway granzyme B and perforin in current and ex-smoking COPD subjects. COPD. 2006;3(4):179-187.10.1080/1541255060097686817361498Search in Google Scholar

43. Inoue Y, Kawayama T, Iwanaga T, et al. High plasma BNP levels in stable COPD without pulmonary hypertension or Cor pulmonale. Intern Med. 2009;48:503-512.10.2169/internalmedicine.48.170119336951Search in Google Scholar

44. Stanescu D, Sanna A, Veriter C et al. Airways obstruction, chronic expectoration and rapid decline in FEV1 in smokers are associated with increased levels of sputum neutrophils. Thorax. 1996;51(3):267-271.10.1136/thx.51.3.26710906378779129Search in Google Scholar

45. O’Donnell R, Breen D, Wilson S, Djukanovic R. Inflammatory cells in the airways in COPD. Thorax. 2006;61(5):448-454.10.1136/thx.2004.024463211119216648353Search in Google Scholar

46. Dragonieri S, Tongoussouva O, Zanini A, Imperatori A, Spanevello A. Markers of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases assessed by induced sputum. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2009;71(3):119-126.Search in Google Scholar

47. Liesker JJ, Bathoorn E, Postma DS, Vonk JM, Timens W, Kerstjens HA. Sputum inflammation predicts exacerbations after cessation of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Respir Med. 2011;105(12):1853-1860.10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.00221802933Search in Google Scholar

48. Miravitlles M, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Calle M, Soriano JB. Treatment of COPD by clinical phenotypes: putting old evidence into clinical practice. Eur Respir J. 2013;41:1252-1256.10.1183/09031936.0011891223060631Search in Google Scholar

49. Antus B, Barta I, Horvath I, Csiszer E. Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and treatment response in COPD patients with exacerbations. Respirology. 2010;15(3):472-477.10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01711.x20210889Search in Google Scholar

50. Koczulla AR, Noeske S, Herr C, et al. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is elevated in exhaled breath condensate and serum in exacerbated COPD patients. Respir Med. 2012;106:120-126.10.1016/j.rmed.2011.06.01521872457Search in Google Scholar

51. Carpagnano GE, Resta O, Foschino-Barbaro MP, et al. Exhaled interleukine-6 and 8-isoprostane in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys). Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;505(1-3):169-175.10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.00715556150Search in Google Scholar

52. Goh F, Shaw JG, Savarimuthu Francis SM, et al. Personalizing and targeting therapy for COPD: the role of molecular/clinical biomarkers. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2013;7(6):593-605.10.1586/17476348.2013.84246824160750Search in Google Scholar

53. Wu L, Ma L, Nicholson LF, Black PN. Advanced glycation end product and its receptor RAGE are increased in patients with COPD. Respire Med. 2011;105(3):329-336.10.1016/j.rmed.2010.11.00121112201Search in Google Scholar

54. Lomas DA, Silverman EK, Edwards LD, et al. Evaluation of serum CC-16 as a biomarker for COPD in the ECLIPSE cohort. Thorax. 2008;63:1058-1063.10.1136/thx.2008.10257418757456Search in Google Scholar

55. Pilette C, Godding V, Kiss R, et al. Reduced epithelial expression of secretory component in small airways correlates with airflow obstruction in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:185-194.10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.991213711208645Search in Google Scholar

56. Stolz D, Christ-Crain M, Morgenthaler NG, et al. Copeptin, C-Reactive Protein, and Procalcitonin as Prognostic Biomarkers in Acute Exacerbation of COPD. Chest. 2007;131(4):1058-1067.10.1378/chest.06-233617426210Search in Google Scholar

57. Yoon HI, Li Y, Man SF, et al. The complex relationship of serum adiponectin to COPD outcomes COPD and adiponectin. Chest. 2012;142:893-899.10.1378/chest.11-217322207678Search in Google Scholar

58. Nicholas BL, Skipp P, Barton S, et al. Identification of lipocalin and apolipoprotein A1 as biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181:1049-1060.10.1164/rccm.200906-0857OC287444820110559Search in Google Scholar

59. Stockley RA. Biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: confusing or useful? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:163-177.Search in Google Scholar

60. Shaw JG, Vaughan A, Dent AG, et al. Biomarkers of progression of COPD. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6(11):1532-1547.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2501-8132
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, other, Internal Medicine, Surgery, Emergency Medicine and Intensive-Care Medicine