Effect of the Propolis Components, Cinnamic Acid and Pinocembrin, on Apis Mellifera and Ascosphaera Apis

AVID X (1998) Arbeitskreis Veterinärmedizinische Infektionsdiagnostik Resistenzbestimmung. AVIDMethodensammlung. 22 pp. Available at: http://www.dvg.net/avid/methoden/resistensbestimmung--x-xixii-1998-1999-2000.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Aronstein K., Murray P. (2010) Chalkbrood disease in honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 103(Supplement): 20-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.01810.1016/j.jip.2009.06.01819909969Search in Google Scholar

Borchert A. (1974) Schädigung der Bienenzucht durch Krankheit, Vergiftung und Schädlinge. S. Hirzel Verlag. Leipzig, Deutschland. 366 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Boudegga H., Boughalleb N., Barbouche N.,Hamouda M. H. B., El Mahjoub M. (2010) In vitro inhibitory actions of some essential oils on Ascosphaera apis, a fungus responsible for honey bee chalkbrood. Journal of Apiculture Research 49(3): 236-242. DOI: 103896/ibra.1.49.3.02.10.3896/IBRA.1.49.3.02Search in Google Scholar

DPMA (1997) DE 196 11 825 A1 “Holzschutzmittel”. Deutsches Patent-und Markenamt. Ifi Claims Patent Services. Düsseldorf, Deutschland. 4 pp. Available at: https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/pat/PatSchrifteneinsicht?docId=DE19611825A1Search in Google Scholar

EMA (2008) Guideline on veterinary medicinal products controlling Varroa destructor parasitosis in bees. EMA/CVMP/EWP/459883/2008. European Medicines Agency. London, United Kingdom. 9 pp. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/11/WC500099137.pdf Search in Google Scholar

EUCAST (2012) Method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungal agents for yeast. European Comittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 21 pp. Available at: http://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/AFST/EUCAST_EDef_7_2_revision.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Gardana C., Scaglianti M., Pietta P., Simonetti P. (2007) Analysis of the polyphenolic fraction of propolis from different sources by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 45(3): 390-399. DOI: 10.1016/j. jpba.2007.06.022Search in Google Scholar

Heath L. A. F., Gaze B. M. (1987) Carbon dioxide activation of spores of the chalkbrood fungus Ascospheara apis. Journal of Apicultural Research 26(4): 243-246.10.1080/00218839.1987.11100768Search in Google Scholar

Jensen A. B., Aronstein K., Flores M. F., Vojvodic S., Palacio m. a., Spivak M. (2013) Standard methods for fungal brood disease research. Journal of Apicultural Research 52(1): 1-20. DOI: 10.3896/ibra. 1.52.1.13Search in Google Scholar

Kettering M. (2005) Pilzmetabolite als chemische Botenstoffe und Inhibitoren der Infektions-relevanten Morphogenese bei Phytopathogenen. Tenea Verlag. Berlin. 51 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Marcucci M. C. (1995) Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie 26 (2): 83-99. DOI:10.1051/apido19950202Search in Google Scholar

Mitro S. (1996) Information zu Honig und anderen Bienenprodukten aus medizinischer und mikrobiologischer Sicht. Tierärztliche Umschau 51: 232-240.Search in Google Scholar

Miyakado M., Kato T., Ohne N., Mabry T. J. (1976) Pinocembrin and (+)-ß-eudesmol from Hymenoclea monogyra and Baccharis glutinosa. Phytochemistry 15(5): 846.Search in Google Scholar

OECD (2007) Guidance Document on the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Brood test under Semi-Field Conditions, Envioroment, Health and Safety Puplication Series on Testing Assessment No.75, ENV/JM/MONO 22. Paris. 27 pp. Available at: http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2007)22&doclanguage=en Search in Google Scholar

Popova M. P., Chinou I. B., Marekov I. N., Bankova V. S. (2009) Terpenes with antimicrobial activity from Cretan propolis. Phytochemistry 70(10): 1262-1271. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.02510.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.02519698962Search in Google Scholar

Ritter W. (1994) Bienenkrankheiten. Ulmer Verlag. Stuttgart, Deutschland. 128 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Snodgrass R. E. (1925) Anatomy and Physiology of the honeybee. McGraw-Hill Book Company. Michigan, USA. 172 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Spiltoir C. F. (1955) Life Cycle of Ascosphaera apis (Pericystis apis). American Journal of Botany 42(6): 501-508.10.1002/j.1537-2197.1955.tb11154.xSearch in Google Scholar

SPSS SigmaStat® Version 3.0. Systat Software Inc.Search in Google Scholar

Stock I., Wiedemann B. (1998) Bestimmung der natürlichen Antibiotika- Empfindlichkeit. Chemotherapie Journal 7(4): 127-135. Search in Google Scholar

van Bergen A. (2012) Mit Zimtsäure gegen Bazillen. Biocom AG Biotechnologie. Deutschland. Available at: https://www.biotechnologie.de/BIO/Navigation/DE/Foerderung/foerderbeispiele,did=148418.html?view=renderPrint Search in Google Scholar

Winston L. M. (1987) The Biology of the Honey Bee. Harvard University Press Cambridge. Massachusetts, London. 281 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Yoder J. A., Jajack A. J., Cornacchione W. S., Dunn A. L., Cunningham E. G., Matchett C. L., Rosselot A. E. (2014) In vitro evaluation of sugar syrups, antibiotics, and miticides on growth of honey bee pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: Emphasis for chalkbrood prevention is on keeping bees healthy. Apidologie 45(5): 568-578. DOI: 10.1007/ s13592-014-0274-510.1007/s13592-014-0274-5Search in Google Scholar