A Survey of Artificial Intelligence Techniques Employed for Adaptive Educational Systems within E-Learning Platforms

[1] L. A. James, Evaluation of an Adaptive Learning Technology as a Predictor of Student Performance in Undergraduate Biology, (Master’s thesis), Appalachian State University, North Carolina, USA, May 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[2] A.Ohle, N. McElvany, Teachers’ diagnostic competences and their practical relevance. Special Issue Editorial, Journal for Educational Research Online, vol. 7, no. 2, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

[3] B. Bloom, The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-toone tutoring, Educ. Res., vol. 13, pp. 4-16, 1984.10.3102/0013189X013006004Search in Google Scholar

[4] T. Kidd, Online Education and Adult Learning. New York: Hershey, 2010.10.4018/978-1-60566-830-7Search in Google Scholar

[5] M. Vandewaetere, P. Desmet, and G. Clarebout, The contribution of learner characteristics in the development of computer-based adaptive learning environments, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 118-130, 2011.10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.038Search in Google Scholar

[6] C. Zhao, and L. Wan, A shortest learning path selection algorithm in e-learning, in Proc. 6th IEEE Int’l. Conf. on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), 94-95, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[7] I. E. Allen, and J. Seaman, Staying the Course: Online Education in the United States. Sloan-C, Needham, MA: Sloan Consortium, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Ambient Insight Research, US Self-Paced e- Learning Market. Monroe, WA: Ambient Insight Research, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

[9] S. Adkins, The Worldwide Market for Self-paced eLearning Products and Services: 2011-2016 Forecast and Analysis, Ambient Insight Premium Report, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[10] D. Ryan, E - learning Modules: DLR Associates Series, Author House, 2012Search in Google Scholar

[11] R.C. Clark and R.E. Mayer, E-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning, 3rd ed., San Francisco, USA: JohnWiley & Sons, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

[12] H. Beetham and R.Sharpe, Rethinking pedagogy for a digital age:Designing for 21st century learning, New York, NY:Routledge, 2013.10.4324/9780203078952Search in Google Scholar

[13] S.Selvakumarasamy and D.Dekson, “Architecture of Adaptive E-Learning Ecosystem, International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[14] B. Ciloglugil, and M. Inceoglu, User modeling for adaptive e-learning systems, Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA 2012), vol. 7335, pp. 5561, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[15] F. Essalmi, L. J. B. Ayed, M. Jemni, Kinshuk, and S. Graf, A fully personalization strategy of Elearning scenarios, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 581-591, 2010.10.1016/j.chb.2009.12.010Search in Google Scholar

[16] Image from http://languageteachingtips.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/learningdeliverycontinuum.jpg, Retrieved Feburary 8, 2016Search in Google Scholar

[17] V. J. Shute, and D. Zapata-Rivera, Adaptive educational systems, in P. Durlach (Ed.), Adaptive Technologies for Training and Education (pp. 7-27). New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.10.1017/CBO9781139049580.004Search in Google Scholar

[18] S. Oxman, and W. Wong, White paper: Adaptive Learning Systems, A white paper from DVX/ De- Vry Education Group and Integrated Education Solutions, 2014.Search in Google Scholar

[19] I. Adaptive Learning,White paper based upon the Speak Up 2011 national findings, Leveraging Intelligent Adaptive Learning to Personalize Education, Intelligent Adaptive Learning: Speak Up Reports, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[20] C. Martins, L. Faria, and E. Carrapatoso, An adaptive educational system for higher education, Proceedings of the 14th EUNIS 08 International Conference of European University Information Systems, Denmark, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[21] S. Haggard, The maturing of the MOOC: Literature review of Massive Open Online Courses and other forms of Online Distance Learning (BIS Research Paper Number 130), Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, london uk, Research Papers Research paper number 130, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[22] X. Chen, D. Barnett, and C. Stephens, Fad or future: The advantages and challenges of massive open online courses (MOOCs), In Research-to Practice Conference in Adult and Higher Education, pp. 20-21, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

[23] D. Onah, J. Sinclair, R. Boyatt (2014), Dropout rates of massive open online courses: behavioural patterns. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, pp. 5825-5834, 2014.Search in Google Scholar

[24] H. Fournier, R. Kop, and H. Sitlia, The Value of Learning Analytics to Networked Learning on a Personal Learning Environment, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, New York, NY, USA, 2011, pp. 104-109.10.1145/2090116.2090131Search in Google Scholar

[25] S. Fauvel and H. Yu, A Survey on Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining for MOOCs, SciRate, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

[26] L. C. Lin and . A. J. Prez, Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics: differences, similarities, and time evolution,” Rev. Univ. Soc. Conoc., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 98-112, 2015.10.7238/rusc.v12i3.2515Search in Google Scholar

[27] G. Siemens and R. S. J. d. Baker, Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining: Towards Communication and Collaboration, in Proceedings of the 2Nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, New York, NY, USA, 2012, pp. 252-254.10.1145/2330601.2330661Search in Google Scholar

[28] T. Daradoumis Haralabus, J. Faulin, . A. Juan Prez, F. J. Martnez, I. Rodrguez-Ardura, and F. Xhafa, Customer Relationship Management applied to higher education: developing an e-monitoring system to improve relationships in electronic learning environments, International Journal of Services Technology and Management, vol.14(1), pp. 103-125, 2010.10.1504/IJSTM.2010.032887Search in Google Scholar

[29] T. Daradoumis, A. A. Juan, F. Lera-Lpez, and J. Faulin, Using Collaboration Strategies to Support the Monitoring of Online Collaborative Learning Activity, in Technology Enhanced Learning. Quality of Teaching and Educational Reform, M. D. Lytras, P. O. D. Pablos, D. Avison, J. Sipior, Q. Jin,W. Leal, L. Uden, M. Thomas, S. Cervai, and D. Horner, Eds. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 271-277.Search in Google Scholar

[30] A. A. Juan, T. Daradoumis, J. Faulin, and F. Xhafa, A data analysis model based on control charts to monitor online learning processes, Int. J. Bus. Intell. Data Min., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 159-174, 2009.10.1504/IJBIDM.2009.026906Search in Google Scholar

[31] B. R. Prakash, D. M. Hanumanthappa, and V. Kavitha, Big Data in Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics, Int. J. Innov. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng, Vol. 2, Issue 12, 201410.15680/IJIRCCE.2014.0212044Search in Google Scholar

[32] C. Romero and S. Ventura, Data Mining in Education, Wiley Int Rev Data Min Knowl Disc, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 12-27, 2013.10.1002/widm.1075Search in Google Scholar

[33] C. Romero and S. Ventura, Educational data mining: A survey from 1995 to 2005, Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 135-146, 2007.10.1016/j.eswa.2006.04.005Search in Google Scholar

[34] C. Romero and S. Ventura, Educational Data Mining: A Review of the State of the Art, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 601-618, 2010.10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2053532Search in Google Scholar

[35] A. Pea-Ayala, Review: Educational Data Mining: A Survey and a Data Mining-based Analysis of Recent Works, Expert Syst Appl, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1432-1462, 2014.Search in Google Scholar

[36] A. M and Z. R. A. M. J. Md, A Comprehensive Survey on Educational Data Mining and Use of Data Mining Techniques for Improving Teaching and Predicting Student Performance, 2015, pp. 59-88Search in Google Scholar

[37] R. Baker, Data Mining for Education, In: McGaw B, Peterson P, Baker E(eds) International Encyclopedia of Education (3rd edition), 7:112-118. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

[38] R. Agrawal, T. Imielinski, and A. Swami, Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Databases, in: Proceedings Of The 1993 Acm Sigmod International Conference On Management Of Data, Washington DC (USA, 1993, pp. 207-216.10.1145/170036.170072Search in Google Scholar

[39] E. Garca, C. Romero, S. Ventura, and T. Calders, Drawbacks and solutions of applying association rule mining in learning management systems, 2007, pp. 15-25.Search in Google Scholar

[40] C. Romero, S. Ventura, M. Pechenizkiy, and R. S. J. d Baker, Handbook of Educational Data Mining. CRC Press, 201010.1201/b10274Search in Google Scholar

[41] B. K. Baradwaj and S. Pal, Mining Educational Data to Analyze Students’ Performance, ArXiv12013417 Cs, Jan. 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[42] E. Frias-Martinez, G. Magoulas, S. Chen, and R Macredie, Recent soft computing approaches to user modeling in adaptive hypermedia, In Adaptive Hypermedia and AdaptiveWeb-Based Systems, the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3137, pp. 104-114, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

[43] FM. Cin, and AF. Baba, Assessment of English proficiency by fuzzy logic approach, In International Educational Technology Conference, pp. 355-359. 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[44] H. Gamboa, Designing Intelligent Tutoring Systems : A Bayesian Approach, Proc. of Ana Fred 3rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS’2001), 2001, pp. 452-458.Search in Google Scholar

[45] A. Gertner, and K.VanLehn, Andes: A coached problem solving environment for physics, In Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol.1839, pp. 133-142, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. Search in Google Scholar

[46] J. Ma and D. N. Zhou, Fuzzy set approach to the assessment of student centered learning, IEEE Trans. Educ., vol. 33, pp. 237-241, 2000.10.1109/13.848079Search in Google Scholar

[47] H. Seridi-Bouchelaghem, T. Sari, and M. Sellami, A Neural Network for Generating Adaptive Lessons, Journal of Computer Science 1, no. 2, pp. 232-243, 2005.10.3844/jcssp.2005.232.243Search in Google Scholar

[48] R. Sripan and B. Suksawat, Propose of Fuzzy Logic-Based Students’ Learning Assessment, Proceedings in the International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, pp. 414-417, Gyeonggido, Korea, 2010.10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669786Search in Google Scholar

[49] S. Venkatesan, and S. Fragomeni, Evaluating learning outcomes in PBL using fuzzy logic techniques, 19th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education: To Industry and Beyond; Proceedings of the. Institution of Engineers, Australia, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[50] H. Cha, Y. Kim, S. Park, T. Yoon, Y. Jung, and J. Lee, Learning Style Diagnosis Based on User Interface Behavior for the Customization of Learning Interfaces in an Intelligent Tutoring System, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4053, pp. 513-524, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[51] N. Idris, N. Yusof, and P. Saad, Adaptive course sequencing for personalization of learning path using neural network, International Journal of Advanced Soft Computing and Its Applications, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 49-61, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

[52] S. Gutierrez-Santos, J. Mayor-Berzal, C. Fernandez-Panadero, and CR. Kloos, Authoring of Probabilistic Sequencing in Adaptive Hypermedia with Bayesian Networks, Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol.16, no. 19, pp. 2801-2820, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

[53] F. Moreno, A. Carreras, M. Moreno and E. R. Royo, Using Bayesian Networks in the Global Adaptive E-learning Process, EUNIS 2005, Manchester, pp. 1-4, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[54] D. Xu, H. Wang and K. Su, Intelligent student profiling with fuzzy models, in Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Science (HICSS 2002), Hawaii, U.S.A, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

[55] P. Brusilovsky, and E. Milln. User models for adaptive hypermedia and adaptive educational systems, The AdaptiveWeb, the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4321, pp. 3-53, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

[56] A. Ahmad, O. Basir, and K. Hassanein, Adaptive user interfaces for intelligent e-Learning: issues and trends, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB2004), Xiyuan Hotel, Beijing, China, pp. 925-934, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

[57] L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Inf. Control, vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965.10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-XSearch in Google Scholar

[58] J. Bih, Paradigm shift -an introduction to fuzzy logic, IEEE Potentials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 6-21, 2006.10.1109/MP.2006.1635021Search in Google Scholar

[59] J. Mendel, Fuzzy logic system for engineering: A tutorial, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1995, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 345-374.10.1109/5.364485Search in Google Scholar

[60] J. Mendel, Uncertain Rule-Based Fuzzy Logic Systems, Prentice Hall 2001.Search in Google Scholar

[61] J. Mendel, H. Hagras, W. Tan, W. Melek, and H. Ying, Introduction to Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control, John Wiley and IEEE Press,Hoboken, NJ, 201410.1002/9781118886540Search in Google Scholar

[62] A. Jameson, Numerical uncertainty management in user and student modeling: An overview of systems and issues, Use Modeling and User-adapted Interaction, vol. 5(3-4), pp. 103-251, 1996.10.1007/BF01126111Search in Google Scholar

[63] A. Kavi, R. Pedraza-Jimnez, H. Molina-Bulla, F.J. Valverde-Albacete, J. Cid-Sueiro, and A. Navia- Vzquez, Student Modelling Based on Fuzzy Inference Mechanisms, Proceedings of the IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003, Computer as a Tool, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

[64] D. Chang, and C. Sun (1993), Fuzzy Assessment Learning Performance of Junior High School Students, Proceedings of the 1993 First National Symposium on Fuzzy Theory and Applications, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China, pp. 1-10, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

[65] S. Chen, and C. Lee, New methods for students’ evaluating using fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.104, pp. 209-218, 1999.10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00208-XSearch in Google Scholar

[66] O. Nyknen, Inducing fuzzy models for student classification, Journal of Educational Technology and Society, vol.9, pp. 223-234,2006.Search in Google Scholar

[67] S. Weon, J. Kim, Learning achievement evaluation strategy using fuzzy membership function, In Proceedings of the 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers In Education Conference,Reno, NV (pp. 19-24),2001.Search in Google Scholar

[68] A. Kavi, Fuzzy user modeling for adaptation in educational hypermedia, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 439-449, 2004.10.1109/TSMCC.2004.833294Search in Google Scholar

[69] K. Almohammadi and H. Hagras, An Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Based System for Customised Knowledge Delivery within Pervasive E-Learning Platforms, Proceeings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 2872-2879, 2013. Search in Google Scholar

[70] K. Almohammadi and H. Hagras, An adaptive fuzzy logic based system for improved knowledge delivery within intelligent E-Learning platforms, Proccedings of the the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), pp. 1-8, 2013.10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622350Search in Google Scholar

[71] K. Almohammadi, B. Yao, and H. Hagras, An interval type-2 fuzzy logic based system with user engagement feedback for customized knowledge delivery within intelligent E-learning platforms, Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), pp. 808-817, 2014.10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2014.6891663Search in Google Scholar

[72] K. Almohammadi, H. Hagras, B. Yao, A. Alzahrani, D.Alghazzawi, and G. Aldabbagh, A Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Recommendation System for Adaptive Teaching, Journal of Soft Computing, 2015.10.1007/s00500-015-1826-ySearch in Google Scholar

[73] T. M. Lakshmi, A. Martin, R. M. Begum, and V. P. Venkatesan, An Analysis on Performance of Decision Tree Algorithms using Student’s Qualitative Data, I.J.Modern Education and Computer Science, vol. 5, pp. 18-27, 2013.10.5815/ijmecs.2013.05.03Search in Google Scholar

[74] Margret H. Dunham, Data Mining: Introductory and advance topic, Pearson Education India, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

[75] J.R.Quinlan, Induction of Decision Tree, Journal of Machine learning, Morgan Kaufmann Vol.1, 1986, pp. 81-106.10.1007/BF00116251Search in Google Scholar

[76] C.-M. Chen, Intelligent Web-based Learning System with Personalized Learning Path Guidance, Comput. Educ., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 787-814, 2008.10.1016/j.compedu.2007.08.004Search in Google Scholar

[77] C. F. Lin, Y.-C. Yeh, Y. H. Hung, and R. I. Chang, Data Mining for Providing a Personalized Learning Path in Creativity: An Application of Decision Trees, Comput Educ, vol. 68, pp. 199-210, 2013.10.1016/j.compedu.2013.05.009Search in Google Scholar

[78] B. Kumar Baradwaj, S. Pal, Mining Educational Data to Analyze Students’ Performance, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Volume 2, No. 6, 2011, pp 63-69.10.14569/IJACSA.2011.020609Search in Google Scholar

[79] Adhatrao K, Gaykar A, Dhawan A, Jha R, Honrao V, Predicting Students’ Performance using ID3 and C4.5 classification algorithms,International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process, Volume 3, No. 5, pp 39-52, 2013, DOI :10.5121/ijdkp.2013.3504.10.5121/ijdkp.2013.3504Search in Google Scholar

[80] M. Pandey, V. Kumar Sharma, A Decision Tree Algorithm Pertaining to the Student Performance Analaysis and Prediction, International Journal of Computer Applications, volume 61, No. 13, Jan 2013, pp 1-5, DOI 10.5120/9985-482210.5120/9985-4822Search in Google Scholar

[81] B. K. Baradwaj and S. Pal, Mining Educational Data to Analyze Students’ Performance, ArXiv12013417 Cs, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[82] Giarratano, J., & Riley, G, Expert systemsprinciple and programming, (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

[83] M. Huang, H. Huang, and M. Chen, Constructing a personalized e-learning system based on genetic algorithm and case-based reasoning approach, Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 551-564, Oct. 2007.10.1016/j.eswa.2006.05.019Search in Google Scholar

[84] L. Fausett, Ed., Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1994.Search in Google Scholar

[85] S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

[86] A. S. Drigas, K. Argyri, and J. Vrettaros, Decade Review, Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Student Modeling, in Best Practices for the Knowledge Society. Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All, vol. 49, M. D. Lytras, P. Ordonez de Pablos, E. Damiani, D. Avison, A. Naeve, and D. G. Horner, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, pp. 552-564.10.1007/978-3-642-04757-2_59Search in Google Scholar

[87] B. Naik and S. Ragothaman, Using Neural Networks to Predict MBA Student Success, Coll. Stud. J., vol. 38, no. 1, p. 143, 2004.Search in Google Scholar

[88] Z. Ibrahim and D. Rusli, Predicting students’ academic performance: comparing artificial neural network, decision tree and linear regression, in 21st Annual SAS Malaysia Forum, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

[89] C. Gonzalez, J. Burguillo, and M. Llamas, A Qualitative Comparison of Techniques for Student Modeling in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2006, pp. 13-18.10.1109/FIE.2006.322537Search in Google Scholar

[90] Martn, J., VanLehn, K. OLAE: Progress toward a multi-activity,Bayesian student modeler. Proceedings of the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. 1993, pp. 410-417.Search in Google Scholar

[91] P. Garca, A. Amandi, S. Schiaffino, and M. Campo, Using Bayesian networks to detect students’ learning styles in a web-based education system, Proc ASAI Rosario, pp. 115-126, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[92] C. Conati, A. Gertner, and K. Vanlehn, Using Bayesian networks to manage uncertainty in student modeling, User Model. User-Adapt. Interact., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 371-417, 2002.10.1023/A:1021258506583Search in Google Scholar

[93] V. J. Shute, E. G. Hansen, and R. G. Almond, You Can’t Fatten A Hog by Weighing It - Or Can You? Evaluating an Assessment for Learning System Called ACED, Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 289-316, 2008. Search in Google Scholar

[94] K. Vanlehn, C. Lynch, K. Schulze, J. A. Shapiro, R. Shelby, L. Taylor, D. Treacy, A. Weinstein, and M. Wintersgill, The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned,Int. J. Artif. Intell. Ed, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 147-204, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

[95] C. J. Burke and M. Rosenblatt. A markovian function of a markov chain.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 1112-1122, 1958.Search in Google Scholar

[96] B. Shih, K. R. Koedinger, and R. Scheines, Discovery of Student Strategies using Hidden Markov Model Clustering, the Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. 2010.Search in Google Scholar

[97] L. Rabiner and B. Juang, An introduction to hidden Markov models, IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 4-16, 198610.1109/MASSP.1986.1165342Search in Google Scholar

[98] T. Doleck, R. B. Basnet, E. G. Poitras, and S. P. Lajoie, Mining learner-system interaction data: implications for modeling learner behaviors and improving overlay models, J. Comput. Educ., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 421-447, Aug. 2015.10.1007/s40692-015-0040-3Search in Google Scholar

[99] Morteza.S. Anari, Maryam. S. Anari, Intelligent ELearning Systems Using Student Behavior Prediction, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(12)12017-12023, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[100] X. Huang, J. Yong, J. Li, J. Gao, Prediction of student actions using weighted Markov models, IT in Medicine and Education, IEEE International Symposium on Digital Object Identifier, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

[101] S. Azough and M. B. E. H. Bouyakhf, Adaptive E-learning using Genetic Algorithms, IJCSNS Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Secur., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 237-277, 2010. Search in Google Scholar