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Helminths of Milvago chimango temucoensis (Aves: Falconiformes) from Los Ríos Region, Chile: New Records for Neotropical Raptors

P. Oyarzún-Ruiz
P. Oyarzún-Ruiz
, 
P. Muñoz-Alvarado
P. Muñoz-Alvarado
 and 
E. Raffo
E. Raffo
   | Nov 21, 2016
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Nov 21, 2016
Page range: 336 - 353
Received: Apr 27, 2016
Accepted: Sep 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0037
Keywords
© 2016 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figs. 1 – 6

Helminths isolated from chimango caracara Milvago chimango temucoensis.Figs. 1 – 2. Capillaria tenuissima. 2. Posterior end of a male, it can be noted how the spicule is going out through the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 80 μm. 3. Little spines on the surface of the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 40 μm. Fig. 3. Vulvar appendix of Pterothominx sp.. Scale bar = 40 μm. Fig. 4. Posterior end of a male of Baruscapillaria falconis, note the length of the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 80 μm. Fig. 5. Anterior end of Procyrnea spinosa. Scale bar = 100 μm. Fig. 6. Anterior end of a female of Cosmocephalus obvelatus with its cephalic cordons covered with rectangular plates. Scale bar = 80 μm.
Helminths isolated from chimango caracara Milvago chimango temucoensis.Figs. 1 – 2. Capillaria tenuissima. 2. Posterior end of a male, it can be noted how the spicule is going out through the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 80 μm. 3. Little spines on the surface of the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 40 μm. Fig. 3. Vulvar appendix of Pterothominx sp.. Scale bar = 40 μm. Fig. 4. Posterior end of a male of Baruscapillaria falconis, note the length of the spicule sheath. Scale bar = 80 μm. Fig. 5. Anterior end of Procyrnea spinosa. Scale bar = 100 μm. Fig. 6. Anterior end of a female of Cosmocephalus obvelatus with its cephalic cordons covered with rectangular plates. Scale bar = 80 μm.

Figs. 7 – 12

Figure 7. Anterior end of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta. Scale bar = 80 μm.Fig. 8. Anterior end of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) sp., with anastomosed cephalic cordons and cuticular plates on the surface of the cordons. Scale bar = 80 μm. Figs. 9–10. Skrjabinoclava sp. 9. Anterior end and the presence of a double row of spines in each side of the body. Scale bar = 80 μm. 10. Presence of eggs. Scale bar = 80 μm. Fig. 11. Anterior end of Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato. Scale bar = 70 μm. Fig. 12. Polymorphus mutabilis. A. Broad trunk with proboscis receptable caudal to the small proboscis. Scale bar= 800 μm. B. Proboscis covered with rows of small hooks. Scale bar = 200 μm.
Figure 7. Anterior end of Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta. Scale bar = 80 μm.Fig. 8. Anterior end of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) sp., with anastomosed cephalic cordons and cuticular plates on the surface of the cordons. Scale bar = 80 μm. Figs. 9–10. Skrjabinoclava sp. 9. Anterior end and the presence of a double row of spines in each side of the body. Scale bar = 80 μm. 10. Presence of eggs. Scale bar = 80 μm. Fig. 11. Anterior end of Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato. Scale bar = 70 μm. Fig. 12. Polymorphus mutabilis. A. Broad trunk with proboscis receptable caudal to the small proboscis. Scale bar= 800 μm. B. Proboscis covered with rows of small hooks. Scale bar = 200 μm.

Checklist of helminths isolated in Neotropical raptors of the genus Milvagol; M. chimango and M. chimachima

Host and helminthsAnatomical locationCountryReferences
Milvago chimango
TREMATODA
Ophiosoma microcephalumIArgentinaBoero & Led (1971)
NEMATODA
Procyrnea spinosaPr; GiChileSan Martín et al. (2006)
Capillaria tenuissimaIChileSan Martín et al. (2006)
Porrocaecum depressumIChileSan Martín et al. (2006)
Synhimantus milvagoiStArgentinaBoero & Led (1971)
Milvago chimachima
TREMATODA
Strigea falconis brasilianaSmIArgentinaDrago et al. (2014)
Athesmia heterolecithodesBiDuArgentina; BrazilLunaschi & Drago (2009); Travassos et al. (1969)
Lubens lubensGaBlBrazilTravassos et al. (1969)
NEMATODA
Pelecitus sp.TarTendBrazilVicente et al. (1995); Pinto & Noronha (2003)
Skrjabinura spiralisSt; IBrazilMagalhães et al. (1994); Vicente et al. (1995)
Contracaecum caballeroiIBrazilMagalhães et al. (1994); Vicente et al. (1995)
Synhimantus (Synhimantus) rectusSt; GiBrazilMagalhães et al. (1994); Vicente et al. (1995)
Procyrnea leptopteraGiBrazilMagalhães et al. (1994); Vicente et al. (1995)
Thelazia sp.EyBrazilVicente et al. (1995)
Thelazia aquilinaEyBrazilMagalhães et al. (1994); Vicente et al. (1995);Rodrigues (1996)

Helminths isolated in the digestive tract of chimango caracara Milvago chimango temucoensis (n=14) from Los Ríos Region, Chile

Helminth speciesAnatomical locationTotalP (%)IM
NEMATODA
Capillaridae
Capillaria sp.E; Cr; I1735.703.40
Capillaria tenuissimaI119771.40119.70
Pterothominx sp.I10435.7020.80
Baruscapillaria falconisI48242.9080.33
Habronematidae
Procyrnea spinosaGlu; SbG; Gi; I828.602.00
Acuariidae
Cosmocephalus obvelatusCr27.102.00
Synhimantus (Dispharynx) sp.Cr57.105.00
Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasutaGlu57.105.00
Synhimantus (Synhimantus) sp.Glu414.302.00
Skrjabinoclava sp.Glu27.102.00
Paracuaria aduncaGlu27.102.00
Ascarididae
Porrocaecum depressumGlu; I2035.704.00
Anisakidae
Contracaecum rudolphiisensu latoGlu2414.3012.00
Undetermined NematodaGlu; SbG1128.602.75
PLATYHELMINTHES
Echinostomatidae
Stephanoprora sp.I27.102.00
ACANTHOCEPHALA
Polymorphidae
Polymorphus mutabilisI47.104.00

Measurements of the nematodes of the family Acuariidae isolated from the chimango caracara in the present study

CosmocephalusobvelatusParacuaria aduncaSynhimantus (D.)nasutaSynhimantus (D.) sp.Synhimantus (Synhimantus) sp.Skrjabinoclava sp.
♀ (n=1)♂ (n=2)♂ (n=5)♀ (n=3)♂ (n=2)♀ (n=4)♀ (n=2)
BL13.23 mm9.07 – 9.35 mm4.26 – 9.12 mm22.99 – 23.58 mm10.32 – 19.80 mm9.22 – 11.11 mm4.14 – 4.44 mm
ETL4.60 mm2.59 – 2.99 mm2.34 – 3.10 mm5.02 – 6.30 mm3.54 – 4.71 mm3.57 – 4.05 mm1.37 – 1.44 mm
VL453.0151.9 – 175.4112.5 – 180.0360.0 – 522.0309.0 – 375.0157.5 – 198.0120.0 – 150.0
VW15.08.4 – 9.77.5 – 9.030.0 – 39.018.0 – 22.515.0 – 18.06.0
GEL3.60 mm1.60 – 1.98 mm1.80 – 2.49 mm3.60 – 4.99 mm2.91 – 3.75 mm2.83 – 3.34 mm1.13 – 1.17 mm
GEW135.028.6 – 34.190.0 – 97.5217.5 – 234.0105.0 – 150.0142.5 – 165.048.0 – 54.0
MEL1.00 mm0.98 – 1.00 mm0.41 – 0.60 mm0.97 – 1.42 mm0.62 – 0.96 mm0.69 – 0.73 mm0.24 – 0.27 mm
MEW60.022.7 – 23.837.5 – 60.0142.5 – 162.075.0 – 105.060.0 – 82.5030.0
DCL495.0–202.5 – 345.02.39 – 3.11 mm0.87 – 1.47 mm457.5 – 517.545.0
RCL414.0–90.0 – 225.01.08 – 1.54 mm262.5 – 600.0330.0 – 397.5–
DAN450.0168.8 – 198.2105.0 – 180.0427.5 – 525.0315.0 – 435.0172.5 – 210.0120.0 – 157.5
DAD502.5221.3 – 228.4165.0 – 330.00.74 – 1.41 mm570.0 – 862.5352.5 – 480.052.5 – 60.0
DAE585.0189.4 – 280.4180.0 – 330.01.10 – 1.26 mm0.67 – 1.01 mm405.0 – 480.0172.5 – 202.5
DAV6.30 mm––12.39 – 12.93 mm–5.34 – 6.69 mm3.87 – 4.16 mm
DPCL216.0161.1 – 175.1126.0 – 240.0180.0 – 240.0288.00 – 372.090.0 – 105.075.0 – 82.5
DPPH34.6––21.0 – 24.0–15.0 – 27.0–
BWNR204.068.2 – 69.997.5 – 135.0345.0 – 510.0165.0 – 225.0135.0 – 157.582.5
BWD204.073.8 – 76.2112.5 – 150.0495.0 – 517.5165.0 – 255.0172.5 – 195.060.0
BWEI273.0103.5 – 123.5157.5 – 210.0472.5 – 630.0210.0 – 330.0292.5 – 367.5112.5 – 127.5
BWV285.0––607.5 – 720.0–300.0 – 345.0112.5 – 120.0
BWCL126.074.9 – 82.2105.0 – 150.0150.0 – 255.0127.5 – 202.575.0 – 150.045.0 – 52.5
EL18.0 – 21.0––42.0 – 48.0–33.0 – 36.027.0 – 33.0
EW12.0 – 15.0––21.0 – 24.0–24.018.0 – 21.0
LSL–388.2 – 397.5510.0 – 622.5–615.0 – 622.5––
RSL–119.6 – 127.1157.5 – 172.5–202.5 – 225.0––
RMEL/GEL0.2770.505 – 0.6120.227 – 0.2400.269 – 0.2840.213 – 0.2560.218 – 0.2430.212 – 0.230
RRSL/LSL–0.308 – 0.3190.277 – 0.308–0.329 – 0.361––

Measurements of the nematodes of the families Habronematidae, Ascarididae and Anisakidae isolated from the chimango caracara in the present study

Procyrnea spinosaPorrocaecum depressumContracaecum rudolphii s. lato
♀ (n=5)♂ (n=3)♀ (n=2)♂ (n=1)♂ (n=2)
BL10.01 – 15.26 mm8.76 – 10.33 mm95.00 – 106.00 mm73.00 mm12.58 – 14.94 mm
ETL3.81 – 4.94 mm3.55 – 3.90 mm3.66 – 4.90 mm3.63 mm1.86 – 2.27 mm
ICL––2.19 – 3.67 mm3.05 mm1.25 – 1.47 mm
IL––127.5 – 180.0113.738.6 – 51.4
VEL––0.76 – 1.05 mm570.0634.5 – 759.9
VL37.5 – 45.030.0–––
VW12.06.0 – 9.0–––
GEL3.36 – 4.41 mm3.06 – 3.45 mm–––
GEW127.5 – 180.0150.0 – 180.0–––
MEL0.45 – 0.60 mm0.45 – 0.49 mm–––
MEW30.0 – 48.027.0 – 36.0–––
DAN315.0 – 354.0276.0 – 315.0–––
DAD162.0 – 180.0147.0 – 204.0–255.0–
DAE414.0 – 471.0360.0 – 408.0––172.5
DAV8.23 – 8.48 mm–26.00 – 31.00 mm––
DPCL127.5 – 157.5172.5 – 210.0645.0 – 720.0282.0180.0 – 195.0
DPPH24.0 – 27.0–75.0 – 82.5––
BWNR150.0 – 157.0127.5 – 157.5–––
BWD105.0 – 135.0112.5 – 135.0–––
BWEI382.5 – 405.0270.0 – 360.0–––
BWEVE––1.29 – 1.51 mm1.17 mm337.5 – 450.0
BWV435.0 – 465.0–1.88 – 1.94 mm––
BWCL165.0 – 180.0122.3 – 127.2592.5 – 780.0322.5165.0
EL36.0 – 42.0–99.8 – 107.9––
EW18.0 – 24.0–67.0 – 84.7––
LSL–1.54 – 1.59 mm–1.24 mm5.82 – 7.09 mm
RSL–0.36 – 0.39 mm–1.15 mm5.58 – 6.33 mm
ML––15.015.0–
RMEL/GEL0.133 – 0.1360.142 – 0.147–––
RRSL/LSL–0.233 – 0.245–0.9270.892 – 0.958

Measurements of the nematodes of the family Capillariidae isolated from the chimango caracara in the present study

Capillaria tenuissimaPterothominx sp.Baruscapillaria falconis
♀ (n=10)♂ (n=24)♀ (n=11)♀ (n=6)♂ (n=6)
BL8.35 – 14.06 mm6.19 – 11.87 mm11.25 – 14.67 mm8.47 – 12.41 mm9.14 – 12.61 mm
ETL3.09 – 5.47 mm3.06 – 5.54 mm3.99 – 5.67 mm3.57 – 4.95 mm3.76 – 5.18 mm
EW12.09.0 – 12.012.0 – 15.09.0 – 12.09.0 – 12.0
DAN186.0 – 336.0240.0 – 414.0252.0 – 444.0307.5 – 510.0267.0 – 390.0
DAV3.32 – 5.79 mm–4.42 – 6.07 mm3.96 – 5.34 mm–
DEV6.0 – 30.0–12.0 – 54.045.0 – 90.0–
DPCL3.0 – 18.012.0 – 33.012.0 – 27.012.0 – 18.024.0 – 27.0
BWNR18.0 – 24.018.0 – 30.012.0 – 39.015.0 – 22.518.0 – 21.0
BWEI45.0 – 67.037.5 – 67.560.0 – 82.537.5 – 52.539.0 – 48.0
BWV45.0 – 67.1–60.0 – 82.537.5 – 52.5–
BWCL30.0 – 36.024.0 – 54.036.0 – 45.030.0 – 33.024.0 – 27.0
EL57.0 – 69.0–66.0 – 72.051.0 – 60.0–
EW30.0 – 33.0–33.0 – 39.027.0 – 30.0–
SL–0.84 – 1.30 mm––0.33 – 1.13 mm
SW–6.0 – 18.0––6.0 – 9.0
SSL–69.0 – 258.0––1.35 – 4.59 mm
SSW–12.0 – 27.0––12.0 – 15.0
LW–6.0 – 18.0––9.0
RSSL/BL–0.011 – 0.021––0.142 – 0.357
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