Open Access

Description and developmental biology of the predatory diplogastrid Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962 (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

S. Ahlawat
S. Ahlawat
 and 
Q. Tahseen
Q. Tahseen
   | Apr 22, 2016
Helminthologia's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Apr 22, 2016
Page range: 142 - 154
Received: Jun 30, 2015
Accepted: Dec 04, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0005
© 2016 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Entire female, B – Entire male, C – Female anterior end, D – Female pharyngeal region, E – Female anterior genital branch, F – Female posterior region, G – Male posterior region
Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Entire female, B – Entire male, C – Female anterior end, D – Female pharyngeal region, E – Female anterior genital branch, F – Female posterior region, G – Male posterior region

Fig. 2

Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – C: Anterior end, D, E: Female pharyngeal region, F, G: Female anterior genital branch, H: Cuticular markings, I: Female posterior region, J – L: Male cloacal region, M: Spicule, N: Gubernaculum (Scale bar: 10 μm)
Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – C: Anterior end, D, E: Female pharyngeal region, F, G: Female anterior genital branch, H: Cuticular markings, I: Female posterior region, J – L: Male cloacal region, M: Spicule, N: Gubernaculum (Scale bar: 10 μm)

Fig. 4

Embryonic lineage in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962 up to seven cleavage division
Embryonic lineage in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962 up to seven cleavage division

Fig. 3

Embryonic stages in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Single-celled stage, B – Two-celled stage, C – Four-celled stage, D – Fivecelled stage, E – Eight-celled stage, F – Morula stage, G – Early blastula stage, H – Late blastula stage, I – Gastrula stage, J – Lima bean stage, K – Comma stage, L – Tadpole stage, M – Plum stage, N – Loop stage, O, P – Pretzel stage (Scale bar: 10 μm)
Embryonic stages in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Single-celled stage, B – Two-celled stage, C – Four-celled stage, D – Fivecelled stage, E – Eight-celled stage, F – Morula stage, G – Early blastula stage, H – Late blastula stage, I – Gastrula stage, J – Lima bean stage, K – Comma stage, L – Tadpole stage, M – Plum stage, N – Loop stage, O, P – Pretzel stage (Scale bar: 10 μm)

Fig. 5

Gonad development in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Newly hatched second stage juvenile, B, C – Genital primordiun in second stage juvenile, D, E – Genital primordiun in third stage female juvenile, H – Genital primordiun in third stage male juvenile, F, G – Genital primordiun in fourth stage juvenile, J – Genital primordium in early fourth stage male juvenile, I – Cloacal region in undifferentiated second stage juvenile, K, L – Cloacal region in third and fourth stage male juveniles respectively with spicular primordium, M – Anal region in fourth stage female juvenile (Scale bar: 10 μm)
Gonad development in Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962: A – Newly hatched second stage juvenile, B, C – Genital primordiun in second stage juvenile, D, E – Genital primordiun in third stage female juvenile, H – Genital primordiun in third stage male juvenile, F, G – Genital primordiun in fourth stage juvenile, J – Genital primordium in early fourth stage male juvenile, I – Cloacal region in undifferentiated second stage juvenile, K, L – Cloacal region in third and fourth stage male juveniles respectively with spicular primordium, M – Anal region in fourth stage female juvenile (Scale bar: 10 μm)

Morphometrics of Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962 as provided by different investigators over the time

CharacterSteiner (1914) (from mud of ditch)Weingartner (1955) (from compost)Gagarin (2002)(from sewage)Gagarin (2002) (from cow manure)Andrassy (2005)(from dung)Mahamood (2014) (from sewage)Present population (from leaf litter)
FEMALE
Body Length579 - 699540-1260741-938610-736700-1050552 - 72699-701
Body width22-28~26-4538-42~36 - 38~35-4023-3426-31
a20.8-28.020.6-27.419-2216-2020-2620.2-25.222.6-24.1
b5.0-5.55.4-8.85.4-6.45.7-6.85.0-7.25.1-6.36.6-6.8
c2.8-3.22.9-4.32.9-3.42.4-2.92.9-4.32.7-3.32.7-3.3
c'--~12.411.5-15.410.9-13.811.5-1511.5-16.314.0-15.8
V~<5038.6-41.039.2-44.336.2-38.839-4138.7-42.138.3-42.0
Stoma length--118.5-11.08.5-10.09-119-108-9
Pharynx length112-126-14510126-147102-118~140-145104-12198-102
Tail length187-220~186-293238-287240 - 281240-281240179-238213-253
MALE
Body length558 - 565470 - 920650-780487 - 575470-800480-611567 - 591
Body width22-25~21 - 30~31-36~21-30-2620-2620-2622-24
a22.3-26.021.5-30.618-2516-221-3121.5-26.324.4-24.7
b4.8-5.25.9-7.65.1-5.75.2-6.34.8-7.04.9-5.55.2-6.3
c2.8-3.23.3-5.63.4-4.22.6-3.23.0-5.63.2-3.83.2-3.8
c'~11.5~7.1-8.27.1-9.47.6-11.07-97.6-9.47.6-11.0
Pharynx length108-115~79-120122-13790-109~98-11487-11191-96
Tail length173-198~142-164168-210161-217170-20126-175161-217
Spicule length~31~36 - 3835-3932-3635-4028-3529-32
Gubernaculum length~252~22-2528-3122-2828-3022-2524-25

Morphometrics of present population of Acrostichus nudicapitatus (Steiner, 1914) Massey, 1962

CharactersFemale (n=10)Male (n=8)
Body length700.0 ±1.0 (699–701)579.3 ±10.0 (567–591)
Body diameter28.2 ±2.1 (26–31)23.0 ± 0.7 (22–24)
a23.3 ±0.7 (22.6–24.1)25.2 ±0.6 (24.4–24.7)
b6.7 ±0.1 (6.6–6.8)6.1 ±0.1(5.9–6.3)
c3.0 ±0.2 (2.7–3.3)3.6 ±0.1 (3.4–3.8)
c'14.9 ±0.9 (14.0–15.8)8.5 ±0.7 (8.1–9.0)
V/T40.1 ±1.8(38.3–42.0)47.9 ±1.3 (46.2–49.9)
G127.6 ±3.0 (24.6–30.6)–
G229.1 ±2.5(26.6–31.6)–
Lip region height2.2 ±0.3 (2–3)2.2 ±0.4 (2–3)
Lip region diameter7.0 ±0.9 (7–8)6.1 ±0.4(6–7)
Stoma length8.5 ±0.2 (8–9)7.4 ±0.9 (7–9)
Stoma diameter3.5 ±0.5 (3–4)3.2 ±0.4 (2–3)
Pharynx length100.5 ±1.6 (98–102)93.7 ±1.9 (91–96)
Nerve ring - anterior end74.0 ±1.0 (73–75)70.5 ±0.8 (70–72)
Secretory-excretory pore - anterior end91.7 ±2.6 (89–95)86.0 ±1.1(85–87)
Rectum length22.1± 1.5(20–24)27.1 ±1.7(25–29)
Anal body diameter16.0 ±1.2(15–18)18.7 ±1.3(17–20)
Tail length230.6 ±16.9 (213–253)160.2 ±7.2 (148–167)
Spicule length-30.5 ± 1.1 (29–32)
Gubernaculum length-24.7 ±0.4 (24–25)
eISSN:
1336-9083
ISSN:
0440-6605
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Zoology, Ecology, other, Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Microbiology, Virology and Infection Epidemiology
Journal RSS Feed