Velocity Field Characteristics at the Inlet to a Pipe Culvert

Abt S. R., Ruff J. F., Doehring F. K. (1985) Culvert slope effects on outlet scour, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 111 (10), 1363-1367.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1985)111:10(1363)Search in Google Scholar

Abt S. R., Ruff J. F., Doehring F.K., Donnell C. A. (1987) Influence of culvert shape on outlet scour, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 113 (2), 393-400.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1987)113:3(393)Search in Google Scholar

Bennett S. J., Best J. L. (1995) Mean flow and turbulence structure over fixed, two-dimensional dunes: implications for sediment transport and bedform stability, Sedimentology, 42 (3) , 491-514.10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb00386.xSearch in Google Scholar

Day R. A. (1997) Preliminary observations of turbulent flow at culvert inlets, J. Hydraul. Eng., 123 (2), 116-124.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:2(116)Search in Google Scholar

Doehring F. K., Abt S. R. (1994) Drop height influence on outlet scour, J. Hydraul. Eng., 120 (12), 1470-1476.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:12(1470)Search in Google Scholar

Ead S. A., Rajaratnam N., Katopodis C., Ade F. (2000) Turbulent Open-Channel Flow in Circular Corrugated Culverts, J. Hydraul. Eng., 126 (10), 750-757.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:10(750)Search in Google Scholar

Feurich R., Boubée J., Olsen N. R. B. (2012) Improvement of fish passage in culverts using CFD, Ecological Engineering, 47, 1-8.10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.013Search in Google Scholar

House M. R., Pyles M. R., White D. (2005) Velocity distributions in streambed simulation culverts used for fish passage, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 41 (1), 209-217.10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03729.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hunt M., Shawn Clark S., Tkach R. (2012) Velocity distributions near the inlet of corrugated steel pipe culverts, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 39 (12), 1243-1251, 10.1139/l2012-112.Search in Google Scholar

Kubrak E., Kubrak J. (2004) Technical Hydraulics: examples of calculations, Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa (in Polish).Search in Google Scholar

Lemmin U. and Rolland T. (1997) Acoustic velocity profiler for laboratory and field studies, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123 (12), 1089-1099.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:12(1089)Search in Google Scholar

Liriano S. L., Day R. A., WhiteW. R. (2002) Scour at culvert outlets as influenced by the turbulent flow structure, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 40 (3), 367-376.10.1080/00221680209499951Search in Google Scholar

Mays L. W. (2005), Water Resources Engineering, John Willey and Sons, New York.Search in Google Scholar

Mih W. C., Hooley J. A. (1972) Mean and turbulent velocities for plane jet, J. of Hyd. Div., Proc. ASCE, 98 (HY7), 1275-1294.Search in Google Scholar

Schall J. D., Thompson P. L., Zerges S. M., Kilgore R. T., Morris J. L. (2012) Hydraulic design of highway culverts, Report No. FHWA-HIF-12-026 HDS 5, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.Search in Google Scholar

Shields A. (1936) Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed-load movement, Heft 26 (Rep.) Mitt. der Preuss, Versuchsamt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau, Berlin, Translated by Ott W. P. and van Uchelen J. C.Search in Google Scholar

Szpakowski W. (2013) Estimation of real capacity of road culvert, Drogownictwo, 6, 189-192 (in Polish).Search in Google Scholar

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1987) Design of small dams, 3rd edition, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington DC.Search in Google Scholar

Van Rijn L. C. (1984) Sediment transport. Part I: Bed load transport, J. Hydraul. Eng., 110 (10), 1431-1456.Search in Google Scholar

Wielgat P. (2012) Three-dimensional flow field in an open channel at the culvert inlet, Undergraduate thesis, Gdansk University of Technology (in Polish). Search in Google Scholar