Conservation Value, Management and Restoration of Europe’S Semi‑Natural Open Landscapes

Albert, A.-J., Kelemen, A., Valko, O., Miglecz, T., Csecserits, A., Redei, T., Deak, B., Tothmeresz, B. & Torok, P. 2014: Secondary succession in sandy old fields: a promising example of spontaneous grassland recovery. Applied Vegetation Science 17: 214-224.10.1111/avsc.12068Search in Google Scholar

Apostolova, I., Dengler, J., Di Pietro, R., Gavilan, R. & Tsiripidis, I. 2014: Dry grasslands of Southern Europe: syntaxonomy, management and conservation. Hacquetia 13: 5-18.Search in Google Scholar

Bartha, S., Szentes, S., Horvath, A., Hazi, J., Zimmermann, Z., Molnar, C., Dancza, I., Margoczi, K., Pal, R. W., Purger, D., Schmidt, D., Ovari, M., Komoly, C., Sutyinszki, Z., Szabo, G., Csatho, A. I., Juhasz, M., Penksza, K. & Molnar, Z. 2014: Impact of mid-successional dominant species on the diversity and progress of succession in regenerating temperate grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science 17: 201-213.10.1111/avsc.12066Search in Google Scholar

Batary, P., Baldi, A. & Erdős, S. 2007a: Grassland versus non-grassland bird abundance and diversity in managed grasslands: local, landscape and regional scale effects. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 871-881. Batary, P., Orci, K. M., Baldi, A., Kleijn, D., Kisbenedek, T. & Erdős, S. 2007b: Effects of local and landscape scale and cattle grazing intensity on Orthoptera assemblages of the Hungarian Great Plain. Basic and Applied Ecology 8: 280-290.Search in Google Scholar

Baumbach, H. & Pfutzenreuter, S. (eds.) 2013: Steppenlebensraume Europas - Gefahrdung, Erhaltungsmasnahmen und Schutz. Thuringer Ministerium fur Landwirtschaft, Forsten, Umwelt und Naturschutz, Erfurt, 456 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Bobbink, R., Hicks, K., Galloway, J. Spranger, T. Alkemade, R., Ashmore, M., Bustamante, M., Cinderby, S., Davidson, S., Dentener, F., Emmett, B., Erisman, J.-W., Fenn, M., Gilliam, F., Nordin, A., Pardo, L. & WallisDeVries, M. 2010: Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. Ecological Applications 20: 30-59.10.1890/08-1140.120349829Search in Google Scholar

Britton, A. J., Pakeman, R. J., Carey, P. D. & Marrs, R. H. 2001: Impacts of climate, management and nitrogen deposition on the dynamics of lowland heathland. Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 797-806.Search in Google Scholar

Brockway, D. G., Gatewood, R. G. & Paris, R. B. 2002: Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons. Journal of Environmental Management 65: 135-152.10.1006/jema.2002.054012197076Search in Google Scholar

Caldwell, B. A. 2006: Effects of invasive scotch broom on soil properties in a Pacific coastal prairie soil. Applied Soil Ecology 32: 149-152.10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.11.008Search in Google Scholar

Carroll, J. A., Caporn, S. J. M., Johnson, D., Morecroft, M. D. & Lee, J. A. 2003: The interactions between plant growth, vegetation structure and soil processes in semi-natural acidic and calcareous grasslands receiving long-term inputs of simulated pollutant nitrogen deposition. Environmental Pollution 121: 363-376.Search in Google Scholar

Dengler, J., Bergmeier, E., Willner, W. & Chytry, M. 2013: Towards a consistent classification of European grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science 16: 518-520.10.1111/avsc.12041Search in Google Scholar

Dengler, J., Janišova, M., Torok, P. & Wellstein, C. 2014: Biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands: a synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 182: 1-14.Search in Google Scholar

Dostalek, J. & Frantik, T. 2008: Dry grassland plant diversity conservation using low-intensity sheep and goat grazing management: case study in Prague (Czech Republic). Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 1439-1454.10.1007/s10531-008-9352-1Search in Google Scholar

Dostalek, J. & Frantik, T. 2015: Dry heathland restoration in the Zlatnice Nature Reserve (Czech Republic): an assessment of the effectiveness of grazing and sod-cutting. Hacquetia 14: 113-121.Search in Google Scholar

Dover, J. W., Spencer, S., Collins, S., Hadjigeorgiou, I. & Rescia, A. 2011: Grassland butterflies and low intensity farming in Europe. Journal of Insect Conservation 15: 129-137.10.1007/s10841-010-9332-0Search in Google Scholar

Ellenberg, H. & Leuschner, C. 2010: Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in okologischer, dynamischer und historischer Sicht. 6th ed. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1333 pp. European Commission (ed.) 2013: Forest resources in the EU. URL: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-806_en.htm (accessed 22 June 2015).Search in Google Scholar

Giarrizzo, E., Burrascano, S., Zavattero, L. & Blasi, C. 2015: New methodological insights for the assessment of temporal changes in seminatural dry grasslands plant species composition based on field data from N Apennines. Hacquetia 14: 19-32.Search in Google Scholar

Habel, J. C., Dengler, J., Janišova, M., Torok, P., Wellstein, C. & Wiezik, M. 2013: European grassland ecosystems: Threatened hotspots of biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 22: 2131-2138.10.1007/s10531-013-0537-xSearch in Google Scholar

Hardtle, W., Niemeyer, M., Niemeyer, T., Assmann, T. & Fottner, S. 2006: Can management compensate for atmospheric nutrient deposition in heathland ecosystems? Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 759-96.10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01195.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hardtle, W., von Oheimb, G., Niemeyer, M., Niemeyer, T., Assmann, T. & Meyer, H. 2007: Nutrient leaching in dry heathland ecosystems: effects of atmospheric deposition and management. Biogeochemistry 86: 201-215.10.1007/s10533-007-9156-5Search in Google Scholar

Hartel, T. & Pleininger, T. (eds.) 2014: European wood-pastures in transition: a social-ecological approach. Earthscan/Routledge, Abingdon, 303 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Isermann, M., Diekmann, M. & Heeman, S. 2007: Effects of the expansion by Hippophae rhamnoides on plant species richness in coastal dunes. Applied Vegetation Science 10: 33-42.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00501.xSearch in Google Scholar

Janišova, M., Bartha, S., Kiehl, K. & Dengler, J. 2011: Advances in the conservation of dry grasslands - introduction to contributions from the 7th European Dry Grassland Meeting. Plant Biosystems 145: 507-513.10.1080/11263504.2011.603895Search in Google Scholar

Janišova, M., Boch, S., Ruprecht, E., Reitalu, T. & Becker, T. 2014: Continental dry grasslands from range margin to range centre - Editorial to the 9th Dry Grassland Special Feature. Tuexenia 34: 347-353.Search in Google Scholar

Jirova, A., Klaudisova, A. & Prach, K. 2012: Spontaneous restoration of target vegetation in old-fields in a central European landscape: a repeated analysis after three decades. Applied Vegetation Science 15: 245-252.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2011.01165.xSearch in Google Scholar

Johnston, F. H, Henderson, S. B., Chen, Y., Randerson, J. T., Marlier, M., DeFries, R. S., Kinney, P., Bowman, D. M. J. S. & Brauer, M. 2012: Estimated global mortality attributable to smoke from landscape fires. Environmental Health Perspectives 120: 695-701.10.1289/ehp.1104422Search in Google Scholar

Ketner-Oostra, R. & Sykora, K. V. 2004: Decline of lichen diversity in calcium poor coastal dune vegetation since the 1970s, related to grass encroachment. Phytocoenologia 35: 521-549.Search in Google Scholar

Kirby, K. J. 2015: What might a sustainable population of trees in wood-pasture sites look like? Hacquetia 14: 43-52.10.1515/hacq-2015-0010Search in Google Scholar

Klotzli, F., Dietl, W., Marti, K., Schubiger- Bossard, C. & Walther, G.-R. 2010: Vegetation Europas. Das Offenland im vegetationskundlich- okologischen Uberblick unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Schweiz. Ott, Bern, 1190 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Labadessa, R., Forte, L. & Mairota, P. 2015: Exploring life forms for linking orthopteran assemblage and grassland plant community. Hacquetia 14: 33-42.10.1515/hacq-2015-0012Search in Google Scholar

Losey, J. E. & Vaughan, M. 2006: The economic value of ecological services provided by insects. Bioscience 56: 311-323.10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[311:TEVOES]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Mantilla-Contreras, J., Schirmel, J. & Zerbe, S. 2012: Influence of soil and microclimate on species composition and grass encroachment in heath succession. Journal of Plant Ecology 5: 249-259.10.1093/jpe/rtr031Search in Google Scholar

Mohamed, A., Hardtle, W., Jirjahn, B., Niemeyer, T. & von Oheimb, G. 2007: Effects of prescribed burning on plant available nutrients in dry heathland ecosystems. Plant Ecology 189: 279-289.10.1007/s11258-006-9183-7Search in Google Scholar

Morgan, J. W. 1999: Defining grassland fire events and the response of perennial plants to annual fire in temperate grasslands of south-eastern Australia. Plant Ecology 144: 127-14410.1023/A:1009731815511Search in Google Scholar

Niemeyer, M., Niemeyer, T., Fottner, S., Hardtle, W. & Mohamed, A. 2007: Impact of sod-cutting and choppering on nutrients budgets of dry heathlands. Biological Conservation 134: 344-353.10.1016/j.biocon.2006.07.013Search in Google Scholar

Olsson, E. G. A., Austrheim, G. & Grenne, S. N. 2000: Landscape change patterns in mountains, land use and environmental diversity, mid-Norway 1960-1993. Landscape Ecology 15: 155-170.Search in Google Scholar

Paracchini, M. L., Petersen, J.-E., Hoogeveen, Y., Bamps, C., Burfield, I. & van Swaay, C. 2008: High Nature Value Farmland in Europe: An estimate of the distribution patterns on the basis of land cover and biodiversity data. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 87 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Pauw, A. 2007: Collapse of a pollination web in small conservation areas. Ecology 88: 1759-176910.1890/06-1383.117645022Search in Google Scholar

Piessens, K., Honnay, O. & Hermy, M. 2005: The role of fragment area and isolation in the conservation of heathland species. Biological Conservation 122: 61-69.10.1016/j.biocon.2004.05.023Search in Google Scholar

Pietzsch, D., Ochsner, S., Mantilla-Contreras, J. & Hampicke, U. 2013: Low-intensity husbandry as a cost efficient way to preserve dry grasslands. Landscape Research 38: 523-539.10.1080/01426397.2012.741223Search in Google Scholar

Polchaninova, N. 2015: Recovery of spider communities after a spontaneous summer fire in the forb-bunchgrass steppe of eastern Ukraine. Hacquetia 14: 79-96.10.1515/hacq-2015-0015Search in Google Scholar

Potts, S. G., Biesmeijer, J. C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O. & Kunin, W. E. 2010: Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25: 345-353.Search in Google Scholar

Prach, K. & Hobbs, R. J. 2008: Spontaneous succession versus technical reclamation in the restoration of disturbed sites. Restoration Ecology 16: 363-366.10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00412.xSearch in Google Scholar

Prach, K., Řehounkova, K., Lencova, K., Jirova, A., Konvalinkova, P., Mudrak, O., Študent, V., Vaněček, Z., Tichy, L., Petřik, P., Šmilauer, P. & Pyšek, P. 2014: Vegetation succession in restoration of disturbed sites in Central Europe: the direction of succession and species richness across 19 seres. Applied Vegetation Science 17: 193-200.10.1111/avsc.12064Search in Google Scholar

Prevosto, B., Kuiters, L., Bernhardt-Romermann, M., Dolle, M., Schmidt, W., Hoffmann, M., Van Uytvanck, J., Bohner, A., Kreiner, D., Stadler, J., Klotz, S. & Brandl, R. 2011: Impacts of land abandonment on vegetation: Successional pathways in European habitats. Folia Geobotanica 46: 303-325.10.1007/s12224-010-9096-zSearch in Google Scholar

Ruhs, M. & Hampicke, U. 2010: The economics of large-scale livestock grazing in the German low mountain ranges. In: Plachter, H. & Hampicke, U. (eds.): Large-scale livestock grazing - a management tool for nature conservation. Springer, Berlin, pp. 349-342.Search in Google Scholar

Santoro, R., Jucker, T., Prisco, I., Carboni, M., Battisti, C. & Acosta, A. 2012: Effects of trampling limitation on coastal dune plant communities. Environmental Management 49: 534-54210.1007/s00267-012-9809-622302225Search in Google Scholar

Sengl, P., Wagner, V. & Magnes, M. 2015: Semidry grass land restoration in the SE Alpine foreland of Austria - a study of early spontaneous colonisation patterns. Hacquetia 14: 97-112. 10.1515/hacq-2015-0006Search in Google Scholar

Southwood, T. R. E., Brown, V. K. & Reader, P. M. 1979: The relationships of plant and insect diversities in succession. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 12: 327-34810.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00063.xSearch in Google Scholar

Stampfli, A. & Zeiter, M. 1999: Plant species decline due to abandonment of meadows cannot easily be reversed by mowing. A case study from the southern Alps. Journal of Vegetation Science 10: 151-164.10.2307/3237137Search in Google Scholar

Sutcliffe, L. Akeroyd, J., Page, N. & Popa, R. 2015: Combining approaches to support High Nature Value farmland in Southern Transylvania, Romania. Hacquetia 14: 53-64.10.1515/hacq-2015-0011Search in Google Scholar

Tasser, E., Walde, J., Tappeiner, U., Teutsch, A. & Noggler, W. 2007: Land-use changes andnatural reforestation in the Eastern Central Alps. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 118: 115-129.Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, J. A., Telfer, M. G., Roy, D. B., Preston, C. D., Greenwood, J. J. D., Asher, J., Fox, R., Clarke, R. T. & Lawton, J. H. 2004: Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and global extinction crisis. Science 303: 1879-1881.Search in Google Scholar

Tongqian, Z., Zhiyun, O., Liangqing, J. & Hua, Z. 2004: Ecosystem services and their valuation of China grassland. Acta Ecologica Sinica 24: 1101-1110.Search in Google Scholar

Torok, P., Vida, E., Deak, B., Lengyel, S. & Tothmeresz, B. 2011: Grassland restoration on former croplands in Europe: an assessment of applicability of techniques and costs. Biodiversity and Conservation 20: 2311-2332.10.1007/s10531-011-9992-4Search in Google Scholar

Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Steffan- Dewenter, I. & Thies, C. 2005: Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management. Ecology Letters 8: 857-87410.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.xSearch in Google Scholar

Valderrabano, J. & Torrano, L. 2000: The potential for using goats to control Genista scorpius shrubs in European black pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management 126: 377-383.10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00108-5Search in Google Scholar

Valko, O., Torok, P., Matus, G. & Tothmeresz, B. 2012: Is regular mowing the most appropriate and cost-effective management maintaining diversity and biomass of target forbs in mountain hay meadows? Flora 207: 303-309.10.1016/j.flora.2012.02.003Search in Google Scholar

Valko, O., Torok, P., Deak, B. & Tothmeresz, B. 2013: Prospects and limitations of prescribed burning as a management tool in European grasslands. Basic and Applied Ecology 15: 26-33.10.1016/j.baae.2013.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Vanteeva, J. V. & Solodyankina, S. V. 2015: Ecosystem functions of steppe landscapes near Lake Baikal. Hacquetia 14: 65-78.10.1515/hacq-2015-0016Search in Google Scholar

Vassilev, K., Pedashenko, H., Nikolov, S.C., Apostolova, I. & Dengler, J. 2011: Effect of land abandonment on the vegetation of upland semi-natural grasslands in the Western Balkan Mts., Bulgaria. Plant Biosystems 145: 654-665.10.1080/11263504.2011.601337Search in Google Scholar

Veer, M. A. C. & Kooijman, A. M. 1997: Effects of grass-encroachment on vegetation and soil in Dutch dry dune grasslands. Plants and Soil 192: 119-128.10.1023/A:1004280300820Search in Google Scholar

Venn, S. J., Kotze, D. J., Lassila, T. & Niemela, J. K. 2013: Urban dry meadows provide valuable habitat for granivorous and xerophylic carabid beetles. Journal of Insect Conservation 17: 747-76410.1007/s10841-013-9558-8Search in Google Scholar

Verhagen, R., Klooker, J., Bakker, J. P. & van Diggelen, R. 2001: Restoration success of lowproduction plant communities on former agricultural soils after top-soil removal. Applied Vegetation Science 4: 75-82.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2001.tb00236.xSearch in Google Scholar

Vickery, J. A., Tallowin, J. R., Feber, R. E., Asteraki, E. J., Atkinson, P. W., Fuller, R. J. & Brown, V. K. 2001: The management of lowland neutral grasslands in Britain: effects of agricultural practices on birds and their food resources. Journal of Applied Ecology 38: 647-664.10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00626.xSearch in Google Scholar

Vrahnakis, M. S., Janišova, M., Rusina, S., Torok, P., Venn, S. & Dengler, J. 2013: The European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG): stewarding Europe’s most diverse habitat type. In: Baumbach, H. & Pfutzenreuter, S. (eds.): Steppenlebensraume Europas - Gefahrdung, Erhaltungsmasnahmen und Schutz. Thuringer Ministerium fur Landwirtschaft, Forsten, Umwelt und Naturschutz, Erfurt, pp. 417-434. Search in Google Scholar