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New luminescence-based geochronology framing the last two glacial cycles at the southern limit of European Pleistocene loess in Stalać (Serbia)

Janina Bösken
Janina Bösken
, 
Nicole Klasen
Nicole Klasen
, 
Christian Zeeden
Christian Zeeden
, 
Igor Obreht
Igor Obreht
, 
Slobodan B Marković
Slobodan B Marković
, 
Ulrich Hambach
Ulrich Hambach
 and 
Frank Lehmkuhl
Frank Lehmkuhl
   | Jun 14, 2017
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Published Online: Jun 14, 2017
Page range: 150 - 161
Received: Aug 25, 2016
Accepted: Mar 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0062
Keywords
© 2016 J. Bösken.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Distribution of loess and loess derivates modified after Haase et al. (2007), Lindner et al, (2017), and Vandenberghe et al. (2014) (A). Red square indicates the extent and location of map B. Map B shows a simplified geological map (Boljevac, 1968; Dolić et al., 1980;Krstić et al., 1978; and Rakić et al., 1975). The location of the Stalać section is indicated by a white circle.
Distribution of loess and loess derivates modified after Haase et al. (2007), Lindner et al, (2017), and Vandenberghe et al. (2014) (A). Red square indicates the extent and location of map B. Map B shows a simplified geological map (Boljevac, 1968; Dolić et al., 1980;Krstić et al., 1978; and Rakić et al., 1975). The location of the Stalać section is indicated by a white circle.

Figure 2

Sketch of composite profile, showing the nomenclature of paleosols and loess (after Marković et al., 2015) and the investigated luminescence samples.
Sketch of composite profile, showing the nomenclature of paleosols and loess (after Marković et al., 2015) and the investigated luminescence samples.

Figure 3

Top shows a plot of De as a function of preheat temperature for five aliquots per temperature of the quartz fraction of sample C-L3787. The standard error is shown. Bottom shows a dose recovery test of the same sample using different preheat temperatures. Aliquots were bleached and given a dose of ~150 Gy. Area between dashed lines displays the desired ratio. Error bars show standard deviation.
Top shows a plot of De as a function of preheat temperature for five aliquots per temperature of the quartz fraction of sample C-L3787. The standard error is shown. Bottom shows a dose recovery test of the same sample using different preheat temperatures. Aliquots were bleached and given a dose of ~150 Gy. Area between dashed lines displays the desired ratio. Error bars show standard deviation.

Figure 4

Response to a testdose (Tx) normalized to the testdose response of the natural signal (Tn) throughout the PHT measurements of sample C-L3787 showing the sensitivity changes occurring during the SAR-cycle.
Response to a testdose (Tx) normalized to the testdose response of the natural signal (Tn) throughout the PHT measurements of sample C-L3787 showing the sensitivity changes occurring during the SAR-cycle.

Figure 5

Relative photoionisation cross sections of medium (top) and slow (bottom) components with regard to the fast component at different preheat temperatures during the PHT of C-L3787. Note that only one aliquot per preheat temperature is shown and that aliquots do not behave equally. Horizontal lines show the values observed by Jain et al. (2003).
Relative photoionisation cross sections of medium (top) and slow (bottom) components with regard to the fast component at different preheat temperatures during the PHT of C-L3787. Note that only one aliquot per preheat temperature is shown and that aliquots do not behave equally. Horizontal lines show the values observed by Jain et al. (2003).

Figure 6

Normalized luminescence signal (Lx/Tx) of the natural signal (N) and the regeneration dose points (indicated in Gy) during the different preheat temperature measurements. All points are normalized to the 280°C data point.
Normalized luminescence signal (Lx/Tx) of the natural signal (N) and the regeneration dose points (indicated in Gy) during the different preheat temperature measurements. All points are normalized to the 280°C data point.

Figure 7

Top shows prior IR stimulation temperature plotted against measured dose. Dose of C-L3787 can be viewed at the right hand axis, while dose of C-L3780 can be viewed at the left hand axis. Standard errors are shown. Bottom shows dose recovery tests of C-L3780, C-L3784 and C-L3787. Recovered to given doses are shown as mean and standard error of at least three aliquots per sample. Given doses were 194 Gy for C-L3787, 617 Gy for C-L3784 and 645 Gy for C-L3780. Residual doses, after bleaching for 24h in a solar simulator, were subtracted.
Top shows prior IR stimulation temperature plotted against measured dose. Dose of C-L3787 can be viewed at the right hand axis, while dose of C-L3780 can be viewed at the left hand axis. Standard errors are shown. Bottom shows dose recovery tests of C-L3780, C-L3784 and C-L3787. Recovered to given doses are shown as mean and standard error of at least three aliquots per sample. Given doses were 194 Gy for C-L3787, 617 Gy for C-L3784 and 645 Gy for C-L3780. Residual doses, after bleaching for 24h in a solar simulator, were subtracted.

Summary of the De, dose rate and age data. Water content is the one obtained in the laboratory. For alpha efficiency a 10% error was applied when standard deviation was smaller than 10%, otherwise standard deviation was used. Dose rates are calculated as described in Section 5 - Dose Rate and Age Calculation. Standard errors are indicated. Ages are expressed with a 1-sigma error range.

SamplenameLabcodeGrainsize(μm)Depth(m)Watercontent(%)U(Bq/kg)Th(Bq/kg)K(%)Cosmic doserate(Gy/ka)AlphaefficiencyTotal doserate(Gy/ka)No. ofaliquotsDemean(Gy)Age(ka)
St 1C-L37784-11714.5 ± 7.333.78 ± 1.5844.44 ± 2.261.69 ± 0.030.101 ± 0.010.134 ± 0.0133.77 ± 0.210630 ± 32139 ± 11
St 3C-L37804-11611.8 ± 5.934.23 ± 1.6245.86 ± 2.351.83 ± 0.030.111 ± 0.010.128 ± 0.0134.07 ± 0.213650 ± 36136 ± 10
St 7C-L37844-114.58.6 ± 4.333.49 ± 1.6042.96 ± 2.211.76 ± 0.030.130 ± 0.010.149 ± 0.0154.06 ± 0.213622 ± 32123 ± 8
St 9C-L37864-116.38.0 ± 4.030.88 ± 1.6342.65 ± 2.491.48 ± 0.020.108 ± 0.010.102 ± 0.0133.71 ± 0.210245 ± 1259.9 ± 4.0
St 10C-L37874-11710.7 ± 5.430.42 ± 1.7348.07 ± 2.91.75 ± 0.020.101 ± 0.010.108 ± 0.0263.97 ± 0.214191 ± 1043.0 ± 3.6
St 11C-L37884-1157.8 ± 3.936.06 ± 1.6845.82 ± 2.341.77 ± 0.030.123 ± 0.010.143 ± 0.0304.26 ± 0.210149 ± 828.5 ± 2.3
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