The Epigravettian and the Magdalenian in Poland: New chronological data and an old problem

Andrzej Wiśniewski; Marta Połtowicz-Bobak; Dariusz Bobak; Zdzisław Jary; Piotr Moska

Open Access

The Epigravettian and the Magdalenian in Poland: New chronological data and an old problem

Andrzej Wiśniewski

Marta Połtowicz-Bobak

and

| Mar 30, 2017

Volume 44 (2017): Issue 1 (January 2017)

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Page range: 16 - 29

Received: Aug 30, 2016

Accepted: Nov 15, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0052

Keywords
chronological records, Bayesian method, recolonization, Epigravettian, Magdalenian, Poland

© 2016 A. Wiśniewski.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Location of sites mentioned in the text. 1: Balcarova skála, 2: Brno Štýřice III (formerly known as Brno, Videňska st. 3), 3: Brzoskwinia, 4: Deszczowa Cave, 5: Dzierżysław 35, 6: Hłomcza, 7: Keblice, 8: Klementowice-Kolonia 20, 9: Komarowa Cave, 10: Koněpruská Cave, 11: Kraków, Spadzista St. C2, 12: Krucza Skała Cave, 13: Mamutowa Cave, 14: Maszycka Cave, 15: Mosty 13, 16: Nová Drátenicka, 17: Pekárna Cave, 18: Putim, 19: Sowin 7, 20: Stránská skála IV, 21: Svobodné Dvory, 22: Targowisko 10, 23: Wierzawice 31, 24: Wilczyce 10, 25: Wołowice, 26: Zalas Cave, 27: Zawalona Cave, 28: Žitného Cave. Legend items: a: Magdalenian sites, b: Epigravettian sites, c: LGM range, d: Pommeranian phase range.

Bayesian models of the chronology of Epigravettian and Magdalenian on the background of palaeoclimatic event record of NGRIP oxygen isotope curve (GICC05modelext timescale, by Rasmussen et al., 2014). Probability distributions for dates and modelled events shown with 95,4% confidence level.

Two models of probabilities of possible chronological relationships between Epigravettian and late Magdalenian, based on the results of the OxCal Order query (Bronk Ramsey, 2009a), generated by prob.phases.relatr script (Alberti, 2016). E – Epigravettian, M – late Magdalenian, startE – start of Epigravettian, startM – start of late Magdalenian, endE, – end of Epigravettian, endM – end of late Magdalenian.

Results of Bayesian age modelling of two discussed models of Epigravettian and Magdalenian settlement chronology. Amodel: model agreement index, Aoverall: overall agreement index, %: probability distribution range, C: convergence integral.

Model	Name	Modelled (BP)
Model	Name	from	to	%	from	to	%	C
Model 1 (A_model=80.0, A_overall=75.7)	Phase

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Epiqravettian	21940	20820	68.2	22950	20460	95.4	95.6

	Phase Epigravettian

	Boundary End Epigravettian	16810	15130	68.2	17370	13890	95.4	96.8

	Span Epigravettian	4400	6660	68.2	3670	8260	95.4	97.0

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Maszycka	18500	18220	68.2	18850	18130	95.4	98.2

	Phase Maszycka

	Boundary End Maszycka	18260	17950	68.2	18320	17560	95.4	97.9

	Span Maszycka	0	480	68.2	0	1180	95.4	97.5

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Magdalenian	16300	16060	68.2	16470	15960	95.4	99.7

	Phase Magdalenian

	Boundary End Magdalenian	13080	12860	68.2	13150	12680	95.4	99.6

	Span Magdalenian	3050	3410	68.2	2920	3640	95.4	99.7

	Order

	=End Magdalenian	13080	12860	68.2	13150	12680	95.4	99.6

	=Start Magdalenian	16300	16060	68.2	16470	15960	95.4	99.7

	=End Maszycka	18260	17950	68.2	18320	17560	95.4	97.9

	=Start Maszycka	18500	18220	68.2	18850	18130	95.4	98.2

	=End Epigravettian	16810	15130	68.2	17370	13890	95.4	96.8

	=Start Epigravettian	21940	20820	68.2	22950	20460	95.4	95.6

	Difference End Epigravettian – Start Magdalenian	−620	1060	68.2	−1200	2320	95.4	97.5

Model 2 (A_model=82.4, A_overall=78.9)	Phase

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Epigravettian	22020	20840	68.1	23410	20480	95.4	96.4

	Phase Epigravettian

	Boundary End Epigravettian	17800	17030	68.2	17910	15680	95.4	99.1

	Span Epigravettian	3310	4990	68.2	2840	7060	95.4	98.6

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Maszycka	18500	18220	68.2	18850	18130	95.4	96.0

	Phase Maszycka

	Boundary End Maszycka	18270	17950	68.2	18320	17550	95.4	96.4

	Span Maszycka	0	470	68.2	0	1170	95.4	96.6

	Sequence

	Boundary Start Magdalenian	16300	16060	68.2	16470	15960	95.4	99.8

	Phase Magdalenian

	Boundary End Magdalenian	13080	12860	68.2	13150	12690	95.4	98.7

	Span Magdalenian	3050	3410	68.2	2920	3640	95.4	99.7

	Order

	=End Magdalenian	13080	12860	68.2	13150	12690	95.4	98.7

	=Start Magdalenian	16300	16060	68.2	16470	15960	95.4	99.8

	=End Maszycka	18270	17950	68.2	18320	17550	95.4	96.4

	=Start Maszycka	18500	18220	68.2	18850	18130	95.4	96.0

	=End Epigravettian	17800	17030	68.2	17910	15680	95.4	99.1

	=Start Epigravettian	22020	20840	68.1	23410	20480	95.4	96.4

	Difference End Epigravettian – Start Magdalenian	−1670	−780	68.2	−1810	580	95.4	98.9

List of analysed Epigravettian, middle and late Magdalenian dates from the territory of Poland. The last column indicates if the date was considered as outlier and rejected from the further analysis.

Site	Method	Lab code	Measured age (BP)	Is outlier?
		Epigravettian

Deszczowa Cave	¹⁴C	Gd-10212	17480 ± 310	no

Deszczowa Cave	¹⁴C	GdA-964	16150 ± 280	no

Kraków - Spadzista C2	¹⁴C	Ly-2541	17400 ± 310	no

Targowisko	¹⁴C	Poz-14691	14820 ± 70	no

Targowisko	¹⁴C	Poz-14692	14790 ± 80	no

Targowisko	¹⁴C	Poz-14695	14720 ± 70	no

Targowisko	¹⁴C	Poz-14694	14520 ± 70	no

Targowisko	¹⁴C	Poz-14693	13720 ± 70	yes

Zawalona Cave	¹⁴C	n.a.	15380 ± 340	no

Zawalona Cave	¹⁴C	n.a.	14060 ± 340	no

Sowin 7	OSL	GdTL-2497	16204 ± 916	no

Sowin 7	OSL	GdTL-2496	15474 ± 857	no

		Maszycka Cave (Middle Magdalenian)

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	Ly-2454	15490 ± 319	no

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	KIA-39228	15115 ± 60	no

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	KIA-39226	15025 ± 50	no

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	KIA-39227	15015 ± 50	no

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	KIA-39225	14855 ± 60	no

Maszycka Cave	¹⁴C	Ly-2453	14520 ± 240	no

		Late Magdalenian

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-27245	12970 ± 60	no

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-1138	12520 ± 70	no

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-27261	12480 ± 60	no

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-1139	11980 ± 70	no

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Lod-407	11450 ± 200	no

Krucza Skała Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-1141	11210 ± 80	no

W Zalasie Cave	¹⁴C	OxA-6625	12820 ± 80	no

W Zalasie Cave	¹⁴C	OxA-6591	12530 ± 110	no

Klementowice 20	¹⁴C	Poz-54822	12730 ± 90	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	OxA-16728	13180 ± 60	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	OxA-26545	13155 ± 65	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	OxA-26546	13125 ± 65	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-14891	13020 ± 60	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-19048	13000 ± 110	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-3914	12960 ± 60	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	OxA-16729	12870 ± 60	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-3927	12840 ± 70	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-14892	12770 ± 120	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-3926	12620 ± 60	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-14463	12550 ± 80	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-14384	12480 ± 70	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-14385	12390 ± 100	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Ua-20413	12315 ± 90	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Ua-20412	12110 ± 90	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-19046	11960 ± 140	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Ua-15723	11890 ± 105	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-19049	11870 ± 120	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Ua-15722	11665 ± 135	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Ua-15720	11400 ± 135	no

Wilczyce 10	¹⁴C	Poz-19047	11340 ± 60	no

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	Poz-10136	14150 ± 70	yes

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	GdA-69	13500 ± 80	no

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	GdA-193	13370 ± 80	no

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	GdA-70	13220 ± 70	no

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	Poz-10135	13180 ± 60	no

Dzierżysław 35	¹⁴C	Poz-7318	12150 ± 70	yes

Sowin 7	OSL	GdTL-2494	14711 ± 856	no

Sowin 7	OSL	GdTL-2495	13830 ± 895	no

Komarowa Cave	¹⁴C	Poz-6621	12260 ± 60	no

Mosty	¹⁴C	Lod-107	11290 ± 280	no

Wierzawice	¹⁴C	Poz-36901	11560 ± 40	no

Wierzawice	¹⁴C	Poz-41200	11080 ± 130	no

eISSN:: 1897-1695
Language:: English

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The Epigravettian and the Magdalenian in Poland: New chronological data and an old problem

Published Online: Mar 30, 2017

Page range: 16 - 29

Received: Aug 30, 2016

Accepted: Nov 15, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0052

Keywords
chronological records, Bayesian method, recolonization, Epigravettian, Magdalenian, Poland

© 2016 A. Wiśniewski.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Results of Bayesian age modelling of two discussed models of Epigravettian and Magdalenian settlement chronology. Amodel: model agreement index, Aoverall: overall agreement index, %: probability distribution range, C: convergence integral.

List of analysed Epigravettian, middle and late Magdalenian dates from the territory of Poland. The last column indicates if the date was considered as outlier and rejected from the further analysis.

The Epigravettian and the Magdalenian in Poland: New chronological data and an old problem

Published Online: Mar 30, 2017

Page range: 16 - 29

Received: Aug 30, 2016

Accepted: Nov 15, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0052

Keywordschronological records, Bayesian method, recolonization, Epigravettian, Magdalenian, Poland

© 2016 A. Wiśniewski.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Results of Bayesian age modelling of two discussed models of Epigravettian and Magdalenian settlement chronology. Amodel: model agreement index, Aoverall: overall agreement index, %: probability distribution range, C: convergence integral.

List of analysed Epigravettian, middle and late Magdalenian dates from the territory of Poland. The last column indicates if the date was considered as outlier and rejected from the further analysis.

Keywords
chronological records, Bayesian method, recolonization, Epigravettian, Magdalenian, Poland