<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_fon-2018-0031_s_006_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c17b1Aa"><h3>Objective</h3><p>Toothache was reported as a reason for school absenteeism, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite, and seeking dental treatment among children. These represented some impacts of dental problems on health, quality of life, and socioeconomic problems. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of toothache among 12–14-year-old children in Indonesia and their family characteristics and to analyze the associations of family characteristics on the toothache.</p></sec><sec id="j_fon-2018-0031_s_007_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c17b2Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed the data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 in 2014–2015. A total of 2,377 children aged 12–14 years were included in this survey. This age is the early stage of eruption of all permanent teeth. Children were asked about their experience on toothache in the last 4 weeks as a dependent variable. The independent variables were the family socioeconomic characteristics including father's and mother's highest educational level, family income, and the number of children in the family. A logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship of family characteristics with toothache experience of children.</p></sec><sec id="j_fon-2018-0031_s_008_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c17b3Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>Toothache experience was reported from 13.9% of the respondents. Descriptive statistics showed that higher percentages of toothache were experienced by male children and children from family with lower parental education and economic position as well as from bigger family. However, logistic regression showed that only the number of children in the family had a statistically positive association with self-reported toothache of the children. Children living in the family with more than four children were more likely reported toothache than living in the family with one or two children (P=0.012; odds ratio [OR]=1.53). Children living with more siblings may experience less attention from their parents on oral health hygiene. Poor oral health habits could result in dental pain.</p></sec><sec id="j_fon-2018-0031_s_009_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1aab1c17b4Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Descriptive statistics showed that a higher percentage of toothache was experienced by children from lower socioeconomic families, although the only significant association was the number of children in the family.</p></sec></abstract>

ObjectiveToothache was reported as a reason for school absenteeism, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite, and seeking dental treatment among children. These represented some impacts of dental problems on health, quality of life, and socioeconomic problems. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of toothache among 12–14-year-old children in Indonesia and their family characteristics and to analyze the associations of family characteristics on the toothache.MethodsWe analyzed the data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 in 2014–2015. A total of 2,377 children aged 12–14 years were included in this survey. This age is the early stage of eruption of all permanent teeth. Children were asked about their experience on toothache in the last 4 weeks as a dependent variable. The independent variables were the family socioeconomic characteristics including father's and mother's highest educational level, family income, and the number of children in the family. A logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationship of family characteristics with toothache experience of children.ResultsToothache experience was reported from 13.9% of the respondents. Descriptive statistics showed that higher percentages of toothache were experienced by male children and children from family with lower parental education and economic position as well as from bigger family. However, logistic regression showed that only the number of children in the family had a statistically positive association with self-reported toothache of the children. Children living in the family with more than four children were more likely reported toothache than living in the family with one or two children (P=0.012; odds ratio [OR]=1.53). Children living with more siblings may experience less attention from their parents on oral health hygiene. Poor oral health habits could result in dental pain.ConclusionsDescriptive statistics showed that a higher percentage of toothache was experienced by children from lower socioeconomic families, although the only significant association was the number of children in the family.

Family characteristics on self-reported toothache among Indonesian children aged 12–14 years

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

ObjectiveToothache was reported as a reason for school absenteeism, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite, and seeking dental treatment among children. These...

Variables	Toothache		Logistic Significance
	Yes	No	OR	Significance
Sex
Male	176(14.3%)	1,055 (85.7%)	0.931	0.548
Female	155(13.5%)	991 (86.5%)
Mother's highest education
≤Primary education (Ref)	156(15.0%)	887 (85.0%)	0.905	0.567
High schools	152(13.5%)	977 (86.5%)	0.739	0.490
University	23(11.2%)	182(88.8%)		0.305
Father's highest education
≤Primary education (Ref)	135(14.4%)	800 (85.6%)	1.055	0.814
High school	160(13.7%)	1,009 (86.3%)	1.175	0.712
University	36(13.2%)	237 (86.8%)		0.525
Household income
≤Rp. 36.5 million/year (Ref)	270(14.3%)	1,619(85.7%)	0.892	0.491
>Rp. 36.5 million/year	61 (12.5%)	427 (87.5%)
Number of children in the family
2 children (Ref)	117(12.3%)	835 (87.7%)	1.156	0.043
3–4 children	146(13.9%)	902(86.1%)	1.531	0.278
≥5 children	68(18.0%)	309 (82.0%)		0.012
Total	331 (13.9%)	2,046(86.1%)

Variable	N (%)
Sex
Male	1,231 (51.8)
Female	1,146 (48.2)
Age
12years	783 (33.0)
13years	771 (32.4)
14years	823 (34.6)
Mother's highest education
≤Primary education	1,043 (43.9)
High schools	1,129 (47.5)
University	205 (8.6)
Father's highest aducarion
≤Primary education	935 (39.3)
High school	1,169 (49.2)
University	237 (11.5)
Household income
≤Rp. 36.5 million/year	1,889 (79.5)
>Rp. 36.5 million/year	488 (20.5)
Nvmber of children in the famio/
≤2 children	952 (40.0)
3-4 children	1,048 (44.1)
≥children	377 (15.9)
Total	2,377 (100)

Family characteristics on self-reported toothache among Indonesian children aged 12–14 years

Article Category: Original Article

Published Online: Oct 25, 2018

Page range: 235 - 239

Received: Dec 22, 2017

Accepted: Feb 13, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fon-2018-0031

Keywords
toothache, children, family characteristics

© 2018 Elyda Akhya Afida Misrohmasari et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Association between toothache in the last 4 weeks and socioeconomic characteristics using logistic regression model (n=2,377).

Characteristics of the respondents (n=2,377).

Family characteristics on self-reported toothache among Indonesian children aged 12–14 years

Article Category: Original Article

Published Online: Oct 25, 2018

Page range: 235 - 239

Received: Dec 22, 2017

Accepted: Feb 13, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fon-2018-0031

Keywordstoothache, children, family characteristics

© 2018 Elyda Akhya Afida Misrohmasari et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Association between toothache in the last 4 weeks and socioeconomic characteristics using logistic regression model (n=2,377).

Characteristics of the respondents (n=2,377).

Keywords
toothache, children, family characteristics