The Competitiveness of Business Groups and Their Affiliates in International Operations

[1] Amsden, A.H., Hikino, T., 1994. Project execution capability, organizational know-how and conglomerate corporate growth in late industrialization. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(1), p.111. 10.1093/icc/3.1.111Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[2] Barney, J., 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), pp.99-120. 10.1177/014920639101700108Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[3] Birkinshaw, J., Hood, N., Jonsson, S., 1998. Building firm-specific advantages in multinational corporations: the role of subsidiary initiative. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), pp.221-242. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<221::AID-SMJ948>3.0.CO;2-POpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[4] Bonaglia, F., Goldstein, A., Mathews, J.A., 2007. Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets' multinationals: The case of the white goods sector. Journal of World Business, 42(4), pp.369-383. 10.1016/j.jwb.2007.06.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Buckley, P., Cross, A., Tan, H., Xin, L., Voss, H., 2008. Historic and emergent trends in Chinese outward direct investment. Management International Review, 48(6), pp.715-748. 10.1007/s11575-008-0104-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[6] Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E., Heugens, P., Van Essen, M., Van Oosterhout, J., 2011. Business group affiliation, performance, con-text, and strategy: a meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), pp.437-460. 10.5465/AMJ.2011.61967812Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[7] Chacar, A., Vissa, B., 2005. Are Emerging Economies Less Efficient? Performance Persistence and the Impact of Business Group Affiliation. Strategic Management Journal, 26(10), pp.933-946. 10.1002/smj.478Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[8] Chandler, A.D., 1990. Scale and scope: Cambridge Univ Press. 10.4159/9780674029385Search in Google Scholar

[9] Chang, S.J., 2006. Business groups in East Asia: Post-crisis restructuring and new growth. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(4), 407-417. 10.1007/s10490-006-9013-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] Chang, S.J., Choi, U., 1988. Strategy, structure and performance of Korean business groups: A transactions cost approach. The Journal of Industrial Economics, pp.141-158. 10.2307/2098561Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[11] Chang, S.J., Hong, J., 2000. Economic performance of group-affiliated companies in Korea: Intragroup resource sharing and internal business transactions. Academy of Management Journal, pp.429-448. 10.2307/1556403Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[12] Chittoor, R., Ray, S., 2007. Internatio-nalization paths of Indian pharma-ceutical firms A strategic group analysis. Journal of International Manage-ment, 13(3), pp.338-355. 10.1016/j.intman.2007.05.008Search in Google Scholar

[13] Colpan, A., Hikino, T., 2010. Foundations of Business Groups: Towards an Integrated Framework In A. M. Colpan, J. R. Lincoln & T. Hikino (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of business groups: Oxford Univ Pr. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552863.003.0002Search in Google Scholar

[14] Colpan, A., Hikino, T., Lincoln, J., 2010. The Oxford handbook of business groups: Oxford Univ Pr. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552863.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

[15] Contractor, F., 2013. Punching above their weight. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 8(4), 304-328. 10.1108/IJoEM-06-2013-0102Search in Google Scholar

[16] Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Genc, M., 2008. Transforming disadvantages into advantages: developing -country MNEs in the least developed countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), pp.957-979. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400390Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[17] Cuervo‐Cazurra, A., 2012. Extending theory by analyzing developing country multinational companies: solving the goldilocks debate. Global Strategy Journal, 2(3), pp.153-167. 10.1111/j.2042-5805.2012.01039.xSearch in Google Scholar

[18] Delios, A., Ma, X., 2010. Diversification strategy and business groups. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, J.R. Lincoln (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups, pp.718-742. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552863.003.0026Search in Google Scholar

[19] Demsetz, H., 1988. Theory of the Firm Revisisted, The. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, 4, p.141. Search in Google Scholar

[20] Dierickx, I., Cool, K., 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35(12), pp.1504-1511. 10.1287/mnsc.35.12.1504Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[21] Douma, S., George, R., Kabir, R., 2006. Foreign and domestic ownership, business groups, and firm performance: evidence from a large emerging market. Strategic Management Journal, 27(7), pp.637-657. 10.1002/smj.535Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[22] Dunning, J., 1980. Towards an eclectic theory of international production: some empirical tests. Journal of International Business Studies, 11(1), pp.9-31. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490593Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[23] Dunning, J., 2000. The eclectic paradigm of international production. The Nature of the Transnational Firm, p.119. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Dyer, J., Singh, H., 1998. The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), pp.660-679. 10.5465/amr.1998.1255632Search in Google Scholar

[25] Elango, B., Pattnaik, C., 2007. Building Capabilities for International Operations through Networks: A Study of Indian Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), pp.541- 555. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400280Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[26] Erramilli, M.K., Agarwal, S., Kim, S.-S., 1997. Are firm-specific advantages location-specific too? Journal of International Business Studies, pp.735-757. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490117Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[27] Gammeltoft, P., Barnard, H., Madhok, A., 2010. Emerging multinationals, emerging theory: Macro- and micro-level perspectives. Journal of International Management, 16(2), pp.95-101. 10.1016/j.intman.2010.03.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[28] Garg, M., Delios, A., 2007. Survival of the foreign subsidiaries of TMNCs: The influence of business group affiliation. Journal of International Management, 13(3), pp.278-295. 10.1016/j.intman.2007.05.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[29] Ghemawat, P., Khanna, T., 1998. The nature of diversified business groups: A research design and two case studies. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 46(1), pp.35-61. 10.1111/1467-6451.00060Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[30] Goldstein, A.E., Wells, L.T., 2007. Multinational companies from emerging economies: composition, conceptualization and direction in the global economy: Palgrave Macmillan New York. 10.1057/9780230206335Search in Google Scholar

[31] Gonenc, H., Kan, O., Karadagli, E. (2007). Business Groups and Internal Capital Markets. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 43(2), pp.63-81. 10.2753/REE1540-496X430204Search in Google Scholar

[32] Granovetter, M., 1995. Coase revisited: business groups in the modern economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 4, pp.93-130. 10.1093/icc/4.1.93Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[33] Guillén, M.F., 2000. Business groups in emerging economies: a resource-based view. Academy of Management Journal, 43, pp.362- 380. 10.2307/1556400Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[34] Henisz, W.J., 2003. The Power of the Buckley and Casson Thesis: The Ability to Manage Institutional Idiosyncrasies. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(2), pp.173-184. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[35] Hennart, J.F., 1982. A Theory of Multinational Enterprise. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Hennart, J.F., 2009. Down with MNE centric theories! Market entry and expansion as the bundling of MNE and local assets. Journal of International Business Studies, 40, pp.1432- 1454. 10.1057/jibs.2009.42Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[37] Heugens, P., Zyglidopoulos, S., 2008. From social ties to embedded competencies: the case of business groups. Journal of Management & Governance, 12(4), pp.325-341. 10.1007/s10997-008-9064-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[38] Hobday, M., 1995. East Asian latecomer firms: learning the technology of electronics. World Development, 23(7), pp.1171-1193. 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00035-BOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[39] Hymer, S.,1976. The international operations of national firms: A study of Direct Foreign Investment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Johanson, J., Vahlne, J.E., 1977. The Internationalization Process of the Firm-A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), pp.23-32. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490676Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[41] Khanna, T., Palepu, K., 1997. Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 75(4), pp.41-51. Search in Google Scholar

[42] Khanna, T., Palepu, K., 2000. The future of business groups in emerging markets: longrun evidence from Chile. Academy of Management Journal, 43, pp.268-285. 10.2307/1556395Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[43] Khanna, T., Rivkin, J., 2001. Estimating the performance effects of business groups in emerging markets. Strategic Management Journal, 22(1), pp.45-74. 10.1002/1097-0266(200101)22:1<45::AID-SMJ147>3.0.CO;2-FOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[44] Kim, H., Hoskisson, R., Tihanyi, L., Hong, J., 2004. The evolution and restructuring of diversified business groups in emerging markets: The lessons from chaebols in Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(1), pp.25-48. 10.1023/B:APJM.0000024076.86696.d5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[45] Kock, C.J., Guillén, M.F., 2001. Strategy and structure in developing countries: Business groups as an evolutionary response to opportunities for unrelated diversification. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(1), pp.77- 113. 10.1093/icc/10.1.77Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[46] Kumaraswamy, A., Mudambi, R., Saranga, H., Tripathy, A., 2012. Catch-up strategies in the Indian auto components industry: Domestic firms/' responses to market liberalization. J Int Bus Stud, 43(4), pp.368-395. 10.1057/jibs.2012.4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[47] Lavie, D., 2006. The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: an extension of the resource-based view. Academy of Manage-ment Review, 31(3), pp.638-658. 10.5465/amr.2006.21318922Search in Google Scholar

[48] Leff, N., 1978. Industrial Organization and Entrepreneurship in the Developing Countries: The Economic Groups. Economic Develop-ment & Cultural Change, 26(4), pp.661. 10.1086/451052Search in Google Scholar

[49] Leibenstein, H., 1968. Entrepreneurship and development. The American Economic Review, 58(2), pp.72-83. Search in Google Scholar

[50] Li, P.P., 2007. Toward an integrated theory of multinational evolution: The evidence of Chinese multinational enterprises as late-comers. Journal of International Management, 13(3), pp.296-318. 10.1016/j.intman.2007.05.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[51] Luo, Y., Tung, R.L., 2007. International Expansion of Emerging Market Enterprises: A Springboard Perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), pp.481-498. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400275Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[52] Mahmood, I., Mitchell, W., Chung, C., 2006. The Structure of Intra-Group Ties: Innovation in Taiwanese Business Groups. Search in Google Scholar

[53] Mahmood, I., Zhu, H., Zajac, E., 2011. Where can capabilities come from? network ties and capability acquisition in business groups. Strategic Management Journal, 32(8), pp.820- 848. 10.1002/smj.911Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[54] Pananond, P., Zeithaml, C., 1998. The International Expansion Process of MNEs from Developing Countries: A Case Study of Thailand's CP Group. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 15(2), pp.163-184. 10.1023/A:1015485413835Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[55] Penrose, E., 1959. The theory of the growth of the firm: Oxford. Search in Google Scholar

[56] Ramamurti, R., 2012. What is really different about emerging market multinationals? Global Strategy Journal, 2(1), pp.41-47. 10.1002/gsj.1025Search in Google Scholar

[57] Ramamurti, R., Singh, J., 2009. Emerging multinationals in emerging markets: Cambridge University Press Cambridge. 10.1017/CBO9780511576485Search in Google Scholar

[58] Rugman, A., 1981. Inside the multinationals: the economics of the multinational enterprise: Columbia University Press, New York. Search in Google Scholar

[59] Rugman, A., 2009. Theoretical aspects of MNEs from emerging markets. In R. Ramamurti & J. V. Singh (eds.), Emerging multinationals in emerging markets: Cambridge University Press Cambridge. Search in Google Scholar

[60] Rugman, A., D'Cruz, J.R., 2000. Multinationals as flagship firms: Regional business networks: Oxford University Press, USA. Search in Google Scholar

[61] Rugman, A., Verbeke, A., 1992. A note on the transnational solution and the transaction cost theory of multinational strategic management. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(4), pp.761-771. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490287Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[62] Strachan, H., 1976. Family and other business groups in economic development : the case of Nicaragua. New York: Praeger. Search in Google Scholar

[63] Tan, D., Meyer, K., 2010). Business groups' outward FDI: A managerial resources perspective. Journal of International Management, 16(2), pp.154-164. 10.1016/j.intman.2010.03.006Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[64] Teece, D., 2014. A dynamic capabilities-based entrepreneurial theory of the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(1), pp.8-37. 10.1057/jibs.2013.54Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[65] Teece, D., Pisano, G., Shuen, A., 1997. Dynamic capabilities and strategic mana-gement. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), pp.509-533. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-ZOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[66] UNCTAD, 2010. World Investment Report. New York: United Nations. Search in Google Scholar

[67] Verbeke, A., 2009. International business strategy: Rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511808722Search in Google Scholar

[68] Williamson, O.E., 1981. The economics of organization: The transaction cost approach. American Journal of Sociology, pp.548-577. 10.1086/227496Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[69] Witt, M.A., Lewin, A.Y., 2007. Outward Foreign Direct Investment as Escape Response to Home Country Institutional Constraints. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), pp.579-594. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400285Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[70] Yaprak, A., Karademir, B., 2010. The internationalization of emerging market business groups: an integrated literature review. International Marketing Review, 27(2), pp.245- 262. 10.1108/02651331011037548Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[71] Yiu, D.W., 2011. Multinational advantages of Chinese business groups: A theoretical exploration. Management and organization review, 7(2), pp.249-277. 10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00210.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[72] Yiu, D. W., Lu, Y., Bruton, G.D., Hoskisson, R.E., 2007. Business Groups: An Integrated Model to Focus Future Research. Journal of Management Studies, 44(8), pp.1551-1579. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00735.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[73] Zaheer, S., 1995. Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), pp.341-363. 10.2307/256683Open DOISearch in Google Scholar