Peculiar traits of wood in a leaning stem of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Alméras T., Fournier M. 2009. Biomechanical design and long-term stability of trees: Morphological and wood traits involved in the balance between weight increase and the gravitropic reaction. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256 (3), 370–381.Search in Google Scholar

Bamber K.R. 2001. A general theory for the origin of growth stresses in the reaction wood: How trees stay upright. IAWA Journal, 22 (3), 205–212.10.1163/22941932-90000279Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Broda B. 1971. Metody histochemii roślinnej. Państwowy Zakład Wydawnictw Lekarskich, Warszawa.Search in Google Scholar

Du S., Yamamoto F. 2007. An overview of the biology of reaction wood formation. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 49 (2), 131–143.10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00427.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Duncker P., Spiecker H. 2008. Cross-sectional compression wood distribution and its relation to eccentric radial growth in Picea abies [L.] Karst. Dendrochronologia, 26, 195–202.10.1016/j.dendro.2008.06.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fagerstedt K.V., Mellerowicz E., Gorshkova T., Ruel K., Joseleau J.P. 2014. Cell wall polymers in reaction wood. In: The biology of reaction wood (eds.: B. Gardiner, J. Barnett, P. Saranpaa, J. Gril). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 37–106.Search in Google Scholar

Lee P.W., Eom Y.G. 1988. Anatomical comparison between compression wood and opposite wood in a branch of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). IAWA Journal, 9 (3), 275–284.10.1163/22941932-90001077Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lin J.X., Li Z.L. 1993. Comparative anatomy of normal wood and compression wood of masson pine (Pinus massoniana) (in Chinese with an English abstract). Acta Botanica Sinica, 35, 201–205.Search in Google Scholar

Pillow M.Y., Luxford R.F. 1937. Structure, occurrence, and properties of compression wood. US Department of Agriculture.Search in Google Scholar

Riech F.P., Ching K.K. 1970. Influence of bending stress on wood formation of young Douglas-Fir. Holzforschung, 24, 68–70.Search in Google Scholar

Ruelle J. 2014. Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood. In: The biology of reaction wood (eds.: B. Gardiner, J. Barnett, P. Saranpaa, J. Gril) Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 13–35.Search in Google Scholar

Sinnot E.W. 1952. Reaction wood and the regulation of tree form. American Journal of Botany, 39, 69–78.Search in Google Scholar

Steucek G.L., Kellogg R.M. 1972. The influence of a stem discontinuity on xylem development in Norway spruce, Picea abies. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2, 217–222.10.1139/x72-036Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rozkrut D. 2017. Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2017. Zakład Wydawnictw Statystycznych, Warszawa.Search in Google Scholar

Timell T.E. 1986. Compression wood in gymnosperms. Springer-Verlag, New York.10.1007/978-3-642-61616-7Search in Google Scholar

Tulik M., Jura-Morawiec J. 2011. Reaction wood and tree crown architecture (in Polish with English summary). Sylwan, 155, 808–815.Search in Google Scholar

Waterkeyn L., Caeymaex S., Decamps E. 1982. Callose in compression wood tracheids of Pinus and Larix. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique, 115 (2), 149–155.Search in Google Scholar

Westing A.H. 1961. Changes in radial symmetry in the leaders of eastern white pine following inclination. Journal of Forestry, 56, 17–19.Search in Google Scholar

Westing A.H. 1965. Formation and function of compression wood in gymnosperms. The Botanical Review, 31, 381–480.10.1007/BF02859131Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Włoch W., Hejnowicz Z. 1983. Location of laricinan in compression wood tracheids. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 52 (3/4), 201–203.10.5586/asbp.1983.022Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yumoto M., Ishida S., Fukazawa K. 1983. Studies on the formation and structure of the compression wood cells induced by artificial inclination in young trees of Picea glauca—IV. Gradation of the severity of compression wood tracheids. Research Bulletins of the College Experiment Forests, Hokkaido University, 40, 409–454.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang M., Chavan R.R., Smith B.G., McArdle B.H., Harris P.J. 2016. Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). BMC Plant Biology, 16 (1), 194.10.1186/s12870-016-0884-3501522027604684Open DOISearch in Google Scholar