Cite

[1] European Communities. Pollutants in urban waste water and sewage sludge. Final Report. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities; 2001. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/waste/sludge/pdf/sludge_pollutants_xsum.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Eriksson E, Christensen N, Schmidt JE, Ledin A. Potential priority pollutants in sewage sludge. Desalination. 2008;226:371-388. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.019.10.1016/j.desal.2007.03.019Search in Google Scholar

[3] Samolada MC, Zabaniotou AA. Comparative assessment of municipal sewage sludge incineration, gasification and pyrolysis for a sustainable sludge-to-energy management in Greece. Waste Manage. 2014;34(2):411-420. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.11.003.10.1016/j.wasman.2013.11.00324290971Search in Google Scholar

[4] Karvelas M, Katsoyiannis A, Samara C. Occurrence and fate of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process. Chemosphere. 2003;53(10):1201-1210. DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.230.10.2166/wst.2008.23018495995Search in Google Scholar

[5] Ustün GE. Occurrence and removal of metals in urban wastewater treatment plants. J Hazard Mater. 2009;172(2-3):833-838. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.073.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.07319683867Search in Google Scholar

[6] Houhou J, Lartiges BS, Montarges-Pelletier E, Sieliechi J, Ghanbaja J, Kohler A. Sources, nature, and fate of heavy metal-bearing particles in the sewer system. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(23):6052-6062. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.019.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.08.01919735936Search in Google Scholar

[7] Chanpiwat P, Sthiannopkao S, Kim KW. Metal content variation in wastewater and biosludge from Bangkok's central wastewater treatment plants. Microchem J. 2010;95:326-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.01.013.10.1016/j.microc.2010.01.013Search in Google Scholar

[8] Grűbel K, Machnicka A, Nowicka E, Wacławek S. Mesophilic-thermophilic fermentation process of waste activated sludge after hybrid disintegration. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2014;21(1):125-136. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2014-0011.10.2478/eces-2014-0011Search in Google Scholar

[9] Spanos T, Ene A, Karadjova IB. Assessment of toxic elements Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, As and hexavalent chromium in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants by combined spectroscopic techniques. Romanian J Phys. 2015;60(1-2):237-245. http://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2015_60_1-2/0237_0245.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Van de Velden M, Dewil R, Baeyens J, Josson L, Lanssens P. The distribution of heavy metals during fluidized bed combustion of sludge (FBSC). J Hazard Mater. 2008;151(1):96-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.056.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.05617601665Search in Google Scholar

[11] Fytili D, Zabaniotou A. Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods - A review. Renew Sustain Energ Rev. 2008;12:116-140. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2006.05.014.10.1016/j.rser.2006.05.014Search in Google Scholar

[12] Barrera-Diaz C, Martínez-Barrera G, Gencel O, Bernal-Martínez LA, Brostow W. Processed wastewater sludge for improvement of mechanical properties of concretes. J Hazard Mater. 2011;192(1):108-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.103.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.10321616593Search in Google Scholar

[13] Werle S, Dudziak M. Influence of wastewater treatment and the method of sludge disposal on the gasification process. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2014;21(2):255-268. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2014-0020.10.2478/eces-2014-0020Search in Google Scholar

[14] Singh RP, Agrawal M. Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge. Waste Manage. 2008;28(2):347-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.010.10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.01017320368Search in Google Scholar

[15] Karagiannidis A, Samaras P, Kasampalis T, Perkoulidis, G, Ziogas P, Zorpas A. Evaluation of sewage sludge production and utilization in Greece in the frame of integrated energy recovery. Desalin Water Treat. 2011;33(1-3):185-193. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2011.2613.10.5004/dwt.2011.2613Search in Google Scholar

[16] Chen H, Yan SH, Ye ZL, Meng HJ, Zhu YG. Utilization of urban sewage sludge: Chinese perspectives. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2012;19(5):1454-1463. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0760-0.10.1007/s11356-012-0760-022743994Search in Google Scholar

[17] Goi D, Tubaro F, Dolcetti G. Analysis of metals and EOX in sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants: A case study. Waste Manage. 2006;26(2):167-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.03.006.10.1016/j.wasman.2005.03.00615905082Search in Google Scholar

[18] García-Delgado M, Rodríguez-Cruz MS, Lorenzo LF, Arienzo M, Sánchez-Martín MJ. Seasonal and time variability of heavy metal content and of its chemical forms in sewage sludges from different wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ. 2007;382(1):82-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.00910.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.04.00917532025Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kelessidis A, Stasinakis AS. Comparative study of the methods used for treatment and final disposal of sewage sludge in European countries. Waste Manage. 2012;32(6):1186-1195. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.012.10.1016/j.wasman.2012.01.01222336390Search in Google Scholar

[20] Latosinka J, Gawdzik J. The impact of combustion technology of sewage sludge on mobility of heavy metals in sewage sludge ash. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2014;21(3):465-475. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2014-0034.10.2478/eces-2014-0034Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kalderis D, Aivalioti M, Gidarakos E. Options for sustainable sewage sludge management in small wastewater treatment plants on islands: The case of Crete. Desalination. 2010;260(1-3):211-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.030.10.1016/j.desal.2010.04.030Search in Google Scholar

[22] Lyberatos G, Klimantos P, Vassilakis I, Kornaros M. On the impact of land application of secondary sludge. Water Air Soil Poll Focus. 2004;4(4-5):349-357. DOI: 10.1023/B:WAFO.0000044810.38944.ff.10.1023/B:WAFO.0000044810.38944.ffSearch in Google Scholar

[23] Stefanakis AI, Tsihrintzis VA. Heavy metal fate in pilot-scale sludge drying reed beds under various design and operation conditions. J Hazard Mater. 2012;213-214:393-405. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.016.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.01622405610Search in Google Scholar

[24] Cai QY, Mo CH, Wu QT, Zeng QY, Katsoyiannis A. Concentration and speciation of heavy metals in six different sewage sludge-composts. J Hazard Mater. 2007;147(3):1063-1072. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.142.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.14217350165Search in Google Scholar

[25] Angelidis MO, Aloupi M. Assessment of sewage sludge quality in Greece. Toxicol Environ Chem. 1999;68(1-2):133-139. DOI: 10.1080/02772249909358651.10.1080/02772249909358651Search in Google Scholar

[26] Gondek K. Quantity and quality of organic matter in soil after application of various organic materials. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2014;21(3):477-485. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2014-0035.10.2478/eces-2014-0035Search in Google Scholar

[27] Gawdzik A, Gawdzik B, Gawdzik A, Gawdzik A. New indices determining heavy metals migration in a sewage sludge. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2015;22(4):637-644. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0038.10.1515/eces-2015-0038Search in Google Scholar

[28] Roig N, Sierra J, Nadal M, Marti E, Navalon Madrigal P, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Relationship between pollutant content and ecotoxicity of sewage sludges from Spanish wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ. 2012;425:99-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.018.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.01822483948Search in Google Scholar

[29] European Council Directive 86/278/EEC of 12 June 1986 (The Sewage Sludge Directive) on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. Off J Eur Communities L181, 4 July 1986,6-12. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=URISERV:l28088&from=EN.Search in Google Scholar

[30] European Commission. Working document on sludge, 3rd Draft. Brussels, 27 April 2000.Search in Google Scholar

[31] Ministerial Decision, Greek legislation 80568/4225/91 of 22 March 1991 on methods, specifications and requirements for the use in agriculture of the sludge originating from household and urban waste treatment, harmonized from European Council Directive 86/278/EEC, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

[32] Contin M, Goi D, De Nobili M. Land application of aerobic sewage sludge does not impair methane oxidation rates of soils. Sci Total Environ. 2012;441:10-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.052.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.05223134765Search in Google Scholar

[33] Andreadakis AD, Mamais D, Gavalaki E, Kampylafka S. Sludge utilisation in agriculture: possibilities and prospects in Greece. Water Sci Technol. 2002;46(10):231-238. http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/46/10/231.10.2166/wst.2002.0340Search in Google Scholar

[34] da Silva Oliveira A, Bocio A, Trevilato TMB, Takayanagui AMM, Domingo JL, Segura-Muñoz SI. Heavy metals in untreated/treated urban effluent and sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2007;14(7):483-489. DOI: 10.1065/espr2006.10.355.10.1065/espr2006.10.35518062480Search in Google Scholar

[35] Wang C, Hu X, Chen ML, Wu YH. Total concentrations and fractions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn in sewage sludge from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. J Hazard Mater. 2005;119(1-3):245-249. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.11.023.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.11.02315752872Search in Google Scholar

[36] Dai J, Xu M, Chen J, Yang X, Ke Z. PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. Chemosphere. 2007;66(2):353-361. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.072.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.07216774780Search in Google Scholar

[37] de Souza Pereira M, Kuch B. Heavy metals, PCDD/F and PCB in sewage sludge samples from two wastewater treatment facilities in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Chemosphere. 2005;60(7):844-853. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.079.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.07915992591Search in Google Scholar

[38] Walter I, Martínez F, Cala V. Heavy metal speciation and phytotoxic effects of three representative sewage sludges for agricultural uses. Environ Pollut. 2006;139(3):507-514. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.020.10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.02016112313Search in Google Scholar

[39] Rule KL, Comber SD, Ross D, Thornton A, Makropoulos CK, Rautiu R. Diffuse sources of heavy metals entering an urban wastewater catchment. Chemosphere. 2006;63(1):64-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.052.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.05216169056Search in Google Scholar

[40] Vaiopoulou E, Gikas P. Effects of chromium on activated sludge and on the performance of wastewater treatment plants: A review. Water Res. 2012;46(3):549-570. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.024.10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.02422154108Search in Google Scholar

[41] Economou-Eliopoulos M, Antivachi D, Vasilatos C, Megremi I. Evaluation of the Cr(VI) and other toxic element contamination and their potential sources: The case of the Thiva basin (Greece). Geosci Frontiers. 2012;3(4):523-539. DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2011.11.010.10.1016/j.gsf.2011.11.010Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1898-6196
Language:
English