Influence of Transition Metals on Animal and Human Health: A Review

ANDERSON, G.J., WANG, F.: Essential but toxic: controlling the flux of iron in the body. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol., 39(8)719-724, 2012.10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05661.x22211782Search in Google Scholar

AYANDA, O.S., ADEKOLA, F.A.: A Review of Niobium-Tantalum Separation in Hydrometallurgy. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 10(3)245-256, 2011.10.4236/jmmce.2011.103016Search in Google Scholar

BACHTHALER, M., LENHART, M., PAETZEL, C., FEUERBACH, S., LINK, J., MANKE, C.: Corrosion of tungsten coils after peripheral vascular embolization therapy: influence on outcome and tungsten load. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv., 62(3)380– 384, 2004.10.1002/ccd.2011315224308Search in Google Scholar

BARCELOUX, D.G., BARCELOUX, D.: Vanadium. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol., 37:265–278, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

BARTH, A., SCHAFFER, A.W., KONNARIS, C., BLAUENSTEINER, R., WINKER, R., OSTERODE, W., RÜDIGER, H.W.: Neurobehavioral effects of vanadium. J Toxicol Environ Health A., 65(9)677-683, 2002.10.1080/1528739025290037711996408Search in Google Scholar

BERNOT, K., BOGANI, L., CANESCHI, A., GATTESCHI, D., SESSOLI, R.: A family of rare-earth-based single chain magnets: playing with anisotropy. J Am Chem Soc., 128(24)7947–7956, 2006.10.1021/ja061101l16771509Search in Google Scholar

BOLT, A.M., MANN, K.K.: Tungsten: an Emerging Toxicant, Alone or in Combination. Curr Environ Health Rep., 3(4)405-415, 2016.10.1007/s40572-016-0106-z27678292Search in Google Scholar

BOLT, A.M., SABOURIN, V., MOLINA, M.F., POLICE, A.M., NEGRO SILVA, L.F., PLOURDE, D., LEMAIRE, M., URSINI-SIEGEL, J., MANN, K.K.: Tungsten targets the tumor microenvironment to enhance breast cancer metastasis. Toxicol Sci., 143(1)165-177, 2015.10.1093/toxsci/kfu219427438525324207Search in Google Scholar

BOLT, A.M., GRANT, M.P., WU, T. H., FLORES MOLINA, M., PLOURDE, D., KELLY, A.D., NEGRO SILVA, L.F., LEMAIRE, M., SCHLEZINGER, J.J., MWALE, F., MANN, K.K.: Tungsten Promotes Sex-Specific Adipogenesis in the Bone by Altering Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Resident Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Toxicol Sci., 150(2)333-346, 2016.10.1093/toxsci/kfw008490013326865663Search in Google Scholar

BOULASSEL, B., SADEG, N., ROUSSEL, O., PERRIN, M., BELHADJ-TAHAR, H.: Fatal poisoning by vanadium. Forensic Sci Int., 206(1-3)e79-81, 2011.10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.10.02721130588Search in Google Scholar

BROWN, P.H., RATHJEN, A.H., GRAHAM, R.D., TRIBE, D.E.: Rare earth elements in biological systems. In: Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths (K. A. Gschneidner and L. Eyring, eds.). North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp.423–452, 1990.Search in Google Scholar

BRUNOT, F.R.: The toxicity of osmium tetroxide (osmic acid). J Indust Hyg., 15:136-143, 1933.Search in Google Scholar

BUTLER, T.J., JACKSON, R.W., ROBSON, J.Y., OWEN, R.J., DELVES, H.T., SIENIAWSKA, C.E., ROSE, J.D.: In vivo degradation of tungsten embolisation coils. Br J Radiol., 73(870)601–603, 2000.10.1259/bjr.73.870.1091178210911782Search in Google Scholar

CARDIN, C.A., MASON, J.: Molybdate and tungstate transfer by rat ileum competitive inhibition by sulphate. Biochim Biophys Acta, 455(3):937-946, 1976.Search in Google Scholar

CHEN, C., SEDWICK, P.N., SHARMA, M.: Anthropogenic osmium in rain and snow reveals global-scale atmospheric contamination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106(19)7724-7728, 2009.10.1073/pnas.0811803106Search in Google Scholar

CLANCY, H.A., SUN, H., PASSANTINO, L., KLUZ, T., MUÑOZ, A., ZAVADIL, J., COSTA, M.: Gene expression changes in human lung cells exposed to arsenic, chromium, nickel or vanadium indicate the first steps in cancer. Metallomics, 4(8)784-93, 2012.10.1039/c2mt20074kSearch in Google Scholar

CUI, W., CUI, H., PENG, X., ZUO, Z., LIU, X., WU, B.: Effect of vanadium on the subset and proliferation of peripheral blood T-cell, and serum IL-2 content in Broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res., 141(1-3)192–199, 2011.10.1007/s12011-010-8737-7Search in Google Scholar

CZARNEK, K., TERPIŁOWSKA, S., SIWICKI, A.K.: Selected aspects of the action of cobalt ions in the human body. Cent Eur J Immunol., 40(2)236-242, 2015.10.5114/ceji.2015.52837Search in Google Scholar

DOMINGO, J.L.: Vanadium: a review of the reproductive and developmental toxicity. Reprod. Toxicol., 10(3)175-82, 1996. FLESHMAN, D., KROKZ, S., SILVA, A.: The metabolism of elements of high atomic number. University of California Radiation Laboratory, 14739:69-86, 1966.Search in Google Scholar

FORD-HUTCHINSON, A.W., PERKINS, D.J.: The binding of scandium ions to transferrin invivo and invitro, European Journal of Biochemistry, 21(1)55–59,1971.10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01439.xSearch in Google Scholar

FORGACS, Z., MASSÁNYI, P., LUKAC, N., SOMOSY, Z.: Reproductive toxicology of nickel - review. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng., 47(9)1249-1260, 2012.10.1080/10934529.2012.672114Search in Google Scholar

FRANK, A., MADEJ, A., GALGAN, V., PETERSSON, L.R.: Vanadium poisoning of cattle with basic slag. Concentrations in tissues from poisoned animals and from a reference, slaughterhouse material. Sci Total Environ., 181(1)73-92, 1996.10.1016/0048-9697(95)04962-2Search in Google Scholar

FU, Y., HABTEMARIAM, A., PIZARRO, A.M., VAN RIJT, S.H., HEALEY, D.J., COOPER, P.A., SHNYDER, S.D., CLARKSON, G.J., SADLER, P.J.: Organometallic osmium arene complexes with potent cancer cell cytotoxicity. J Med Chem., 53(22)8192-8196, 2010.10.1021/jm100560fSearch in Google Scholar

GEBHART, E., ROSSMAN, T.G.: Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, in Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment, E. Merian, Ed., pp.617–640, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

GILLESPIE, A.M.: Manual of spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric derivative experiments. Spith edn. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

GRANT, W.M. Toxicology of the Eye. (Charles C. Thomas, ed.). Springfield, IL, pp.769, 1974.Search in Google Scholar

GRUZEWSKA, K, MICHNO, A., PAWELCZYK, T., BIELARCZYK, H.: Essentiality and toxicity of vanadium supplements in health and pathology. J Physiol Pharmacol., 65(5)603-611, 2014.Search in Google Scholar

HAENLEIN, G., ANKE, M.: Mineral and trace element research in goats. A review. Small Rum. Res., 95:2–19, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

HAMILTON, A., HARDY, H.: Osmium. In: Industrial Toxicology, pp.155-156. Publishing Science Group, Action, MA, 1974.Search in Google Scholar

HALLAB, N.J., ANDERSON, S., CAICEDO, M., JACOBS, J.J.: Zirconium and niobium affect human osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes in a similar manner to more traditional implant alloy metals. J ASTM Int., 3:429–440, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

HANIF, M., BABAK, M.V., HARTINGER, C.G.: Development of anticancer agents: wizardry with osmium. Drug Discov Today., 19(10)1640-1648, 2014.10.1016/j.drudis.2014.06.016Search in Google Scholar

HANSARD, S.I.: Toxicity and Physiological Movement of Vanadium in the Sheep and Rat. Ph. D. Dissertation. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, 1975.Search in Google Scholar

HAYES, A.W.: Principles and Methods of Toxicology, pp.2296, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

HEIDARIA, S.R., GANJKHANLOUA, M., ZALIA, A., GHORBANIB, G.R., DEHGHAN-BANADAKYA, M., HAYIRLI, A.: Effects of vanadium supplementation on performance and metabolic parameters in periparturient dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 216:138-145, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

HILLE, R.: Molybdenum and tungsten in biology. Trends Biochem Sci., 27(7)360–367, 2002.10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02107-2Search in Google Scholar

HOROVITZ, C.T. Biochemistry of scandium and yttrium, part 2: biochemistry and applications, in Biochemistry and Physiology of Scandium and Yttrium, pp. 39–163, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 2000.10.1007/978-1-4615-4311-4_2Search in Google Scholar

JAISHANKAR, M., TSETEN, T., ANBALAGAN, N., MATHEW, B.B., BEEREGOWDA, K.N.: Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicol., 7(2)60-72, 2014.10.2478/intox-2014-0009442771726109881Search in Google Scholar

JIANG, P., DONG, Z., MA, B., NI, Z., DUAN, H., LI, X., WANG, B., MA, X., WEI, Q., JI, X., LI, M.: Effect of Vanadyl Rosiglitazone, a New Insulin-Mimetic Vanadium Complexes, on Glucose Homeostasis of Diabetic Mice. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 180(5)841-851 2016.10.1007/s12010-016-2137-127240663Search in Google Scholar

JORDAN, C.M., WHITMAN, R.D., HARBUT, M., TANNER, B.: Neuropsychological sequelae of hard metal disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol., 8(4)309–326, 1993.10.1093/arclin/8.4.309Search in Google Scholar

JULIÃO, L.M., MELO, D.R., SOUSA, W.O., SANTOS, M.S., FERNANDES, P.C., GODOY, M.L.: Exposure of workers in a mineral processing industry in Brazil. Radiat Prot Dosimetry., 125(1-4)513-515, 2007.10.1093/rpd/ncm16317369613Search in Google Scholar

JUNG, K.H., TORRONE, D., LOVINSKY-DESIR, S., PERZANOWSKI, M., BAUTISTA, J., JEZIORO, J.R., HOEPNER, L., ROSS, J., PERERA, F.P., CHILLRUD, S.N., MILLER, R.L.: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and vanadium and changes in asthma gene DNA methylation and lung function decrements among urban children. Respir. Res., 18(1)63, 2017.10.1186/s12931-017-0550-9539773828424066Search in Google Scholar

KELLY, A.D., LEMAIRE, M., YOUNG, Y.K., EUSTACHE, J.H., GUILBERT, C., MOLINA, M.F., MANN, K.K.: In vivo tungsten exposure alters B-cell development and increases DNA damage in murine bonemarrow. Toxicol Sci., 131(2)434-446, 2013.10.1093/toxsci/kfs32423152188Search in Google Scholar

KITAMURA, Y., USUDA, K., SHIMIZU, H., FUJIMOTO, K., KONO, R., FUJITA, A., KONO, K.: Urinary monitoring of exposure to yttrium, scandium, and europium in male Wistar rats. Biol Trace Elem Res., 150(1-3)322-327, 2012.10.1007/s12011-012-9494-623011662Search in Google Scholar

KLETZIN, A., ADAMS, M.W.: Tungsten in biological systems. FEMS Microbiol Rev., 18(1)5–63, 1996.10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00226.xSearch in Google Scholar

KNAZICKA, Z., LUKAC, N., FORGACS, Z., TVRDA, E., LUKACOVA, J., SLIVKOVA, J., BINKOWSKI, L., MASSANYI, P.: Effects of mercury on the steroidogenesis of human adrenocarcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng., 48(3)348-353, 2013.10.1080/10934529.2013.72690823245310Search in Google Scholar

KNAZICKA, Z., FORGACS, Z., LUKACOVA, J., ROYCHOUDHURY, S., MASSANYI, P., LUKAC, N.: Endocrine disruptive effects of cadmium on steroidogenesis: human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R as a cellular model for reproductive toxicity testing. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng., 50(4)348-356, 2015.10.1080/10934529.2015.987520Search in Google Scholar

KONG, K.V., LEONG, W.K., LIM, L.H.: Osmium carbonyl clusters containing labile ligands hyperstabilize microtubules. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22:1116–1122, 2009.Search in Google Scholar

KORBECKI, J., BARANOWSKA-BOSIACKA, I., GUTOWSKA, I., CHLUBEK, D.: Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds. Acta Biochim Pol, 59:195-200, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

KROČKOVÁ, J.Z., MASSÁNYI, P., SIROTKIN, A.V., PIVKO, J., MAKAREVICH, A.V., LUKÁČ, N., CAPCAROVÁ, M., TOMAN, R., POLÁKOVÁ, Z.: Nickel induced structural and functional alterations in mouse Leydig cells in vitro. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 25(1)14-18, 2011.10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.11.003Search in Google Scholar

L’VOV, N.P., NOSIKOV, A.N., ANTIPOV, A.N.: Tungsten-containing enzymes. Biochemistry (Mosc), 67(2)196–200, 2002. LAGARDE, F., LEROY, M.: Metabolism and toxicity of tungsten in humans and animals. Met Ions Biol Syst., 39:741–759, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

LASSNER, E., SCHUBERT, W.D.: Tungsten: Properties, Chemistry, Technology of the Element, Alloys and Chemical Compounds. New York, Plenum Publishers, 1999.10.1007/978-1-4615-4907-9Search in Google Scholar

LAULICHT, F., BROCATO, J., CARTULARO, L., VAUGHAN, J., WU, F., KLUZ, T., SUN, H., OKSUZ, B.A., SHEN, S., PEANA, M., MEDICI, S., ZORODDU, M.A., COSTA, M.: Tungsten-induced carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 288(1)33-39, 2015.10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.003Search in Google Scholar

LEGGETT, R.W.: A model of the distribution and retention of tungsten in the human body. Sci Total Environ., 206(2-3)147–165, 1997.10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00231-3Search in Google Scholar

LIU, Z., LEI, Z., WEI, X., XUE, B.: The effects of exposure to rare earth (NO3)3 on the immune function of mice off spring via milk. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi., 36(6)394–397, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

LIU, J., CUI, H., LIU, X., PENG, X., DENG, J., ZUO, Z., CUI, W., DENG, Y., WANG, K.: Dietary high vanadium causes oxidative damage-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res., 145(2)189-200, 2012.10.1007/s12011-011-9185-821882068Search in Google Scholar

LUTTRELL, W.E., GILES, C.B.: Toxic tips: osmium tetroxide. J Chem Health Saf., 14(5)40-41, 2007.10.1016/j.jchas.2007.07.003Search in Google Scholar

MAILLET, A., YADAV, S., LOO, Y.L., SACHAPHIBULKIJ, K., PERVAIZ, S.: A novel Osmium-based compound targets the mitochondria and triggers ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon carcinoma. Cell Death Dis., 4(6)e653, 2013.10.1038/cddis.2013.185369855223744353Search in Google Scholar

MAKAROVSKY, I., MARKEL, G., HOFFMAN, A., SCHEIN, O., FINKELSTIEN, A., BROSH-NISSIMOV, T., TASHMA, Z., DUSHNITSKY, T., EISENKRAFT, A.: Osmium tetroxide: a new kind of weapon. Isr Med Assoc J., 9(10)750-752, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

MARQUET, P., FRANCOIS, B., VIGNON, P., LACHATRE, G.A.: Soldier who had seizures after drinking quarter of a litre of wine. Lancet, 348:1070, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

MARQUET, P., FRANCOIS, B., LOTFI, H., TURCANT, A., DEBORD, J., NEDELEC, G., LACHÂTRE, G.: Tungsten determination in biological fluids, hair and nails by plasma emission spectrometry in a case of severe acute intoxication in man. J Forensic Sci., 42(3)527–530, 1997.10.1520/JFS14162JSearch in Google Scholar

MCLAUGHIN, A.I.G., MILTON, R., PERRY, K.M.A.: Toxic manifestiation of osmium tetroxide. Br J Indust Med., 3:183-186, 1964.Search in Google Scholar

NI, W.X., MAN, W.L, CHEUNG, M.T, SUN, R.W, SHU, Y.L, LAM, Y.W, CHE, C.M, LAU, T.C.: Osmium(VI) complexes as a new class of potential anti-cancer agents. Chem. Commun., 47:2140–2142, 2011.Search in Google Scholar

NEMERY, B., VERBEKEN, E.K., DEMEDTS, M.: Giant cell interstitial pneumonia (hard metal lung disease, cobalt lung). Semin Respir Crit Care Med., 22(4)435–448, 2001.10.1055/s-2001-1738616088691Search in Google Scholar

NIELSEN, F.H.: New essential trace elements for the life sciences. Biol Trace Elem Res., 26–27(1)599–611, 1990.10.1007/BF02992716Search in Google Scholar

OKSENDAL, A.N., HALS, P.A.: Biodistribution and toxicity of MR imaging contrast media. J Magn Reson Imaging., 3(1)157-165, 1993.10.1002/jmri.18800301288428083Search in Google Scholar

OSTERBURG, A.R., ROBINSON, C.T., SCHWEMBERGER, S., MOKASHI, V., STOCKELMAN, M., BABCOCK, G.F.: Sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) exposure increases apoptosis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Immunotoxicol., 7(3)174-182, 2010.10.3109/1547691100363161720178456Search in Google Scholar

OTAG, A., HAZAR, M., OTAG, I., GÜRKAN, A.C., OKAN, I.: Responses of trace elements to aerobic maximal exercise in elite sportsmen. Glob J Health Sci., 6(3)90-96, 2014.10.5539/gjhs.v6n3p90482538124762350Search in Google Scholar

PANCHAL, S.K., WANYONYI, S., BROWN, L.: Selenium, Vanadium, and Chromium as Micronutrients to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Curr Hypertens Rep., 9(3)10, 2017.10.1007/s11906-017-0701-x28197835Search in Google Scholar

PARKER, R.L., FLEISCHER, M.: Geochemistry of Niobium and Tantalum. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1968.10.3133/pp612Search in Google Scholar

PENNEKAMP, P.H., GESSMANN, J., DIEDRICH, O., BURIAN, B., WIMMER, M.A., FRAUCHIGER, V.M., KRAFT, C.N.: Short-term microvascular response of striated muscle to cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-6Al-7Nb. J Orthop Res., 24(3)531-540, 2006.10.1002/jor.2006616463365Search in Google Scholar

RAJENDRAN, N., HU, S.C., SULLIVAN, D., MUZZIO, M., DETRISAC, C.J., VENEZIA, C.: Toxicologic evaluation of tungsten: 28-day inhalation study of tungsten blue oxide in rats. Inhal Toxicol., 24(14)985-994, 2012.10.3109/08958378.2012.74517623216159Search in Google Scholar

REHDER, D.: The role of vanadium in biology. Metallomics, 7(5)730-742, 2015.10.1039/C4MT00304G25608665Search in Google Scholar

REHDER, D.: Perspectives for vanadium in health issues. Future Med Chem., 8(3)325-338, 2016.10.4155/fmc.15.18726898507Search in Google Scholar

ROEDEL, E.Q., CAFASSO, D.E., LEE, K.W., PIERCE, L.M.: Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 259(1)74-86, 2012.10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.008Search in Google Scholar

ROGERS, H.J., SYNGE, C., WOODS, V.E.: Antibacterial effect of scandium and indium complexes of enterochelin on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 18(1) 63-68, 1980.10.1128/AAC.18.1.63Search in Google Scholar

ROGERS, S.D., HOWIE, D.W., GRAVES, S.E., PEARCY, M.J., HAYNES, D.R.: In vitro human monocyte response to wear particles of titanium alloy containing vanadium or niobium. J Bone Joint Surg Br., 79:311–315, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

ROSOFF, B., SPENCER, H.: Binding of rare earths to serum proteins and DNA, Clinica Chimica Acta, 93(3)311–319, 1979.10.1016/0009-8981(79)90280-8Search in Google Scholar

RUDNICK, R.L., GAO, S.: Composition of the continental crust. In: Treatise on Geochemistry (Turekian, K.K., Holland, H.D., eds.). Elsevier, pp.1-64, 2003.Search in Google Scholar

RYDZINSKI, K., PAKULSKA, D.: Vanadium, niobium and tantalum. In: Patty’s toxicology (E. Bingham, B. Cohrssen, F.A. Patty, eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, pp.511-565, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ, C., LÓPEZ-CHAVES, C., RIVAS-GARCÍA, L., GALINDO, P., GÓMEZ-ARACENA, J., ARANDA, P., LLOPIS, J. Accumulation of scandium in plasma in patients with chronic renal failure. Scientific World Journal., 2013:782745, 2013.10.1155/2013/782745Search in Google Scholar

SEMLITSCH, M.F., WEBER, H., STREICHER, R.M., SCHÖN, R.: Joint replacement components made of hot-forged and surface treated Ti6Al7Nb alloy. Biomaterials, 13:781–788, 1992.Search in Google Scholar

SMITH, I.C., CARSON, B.L., FERGUSON, T.L.: Osmium: An Appraisal of Environmental Exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 8:201-213, 1974.Search in Google Scholar

SOTOGAKU, N., ENDO, K., HIRUNUMA, R., ENOMOTO, S., AMBE, S., AMBE, F.: Binding properties of various metals to blood components and serum proteins: a multitracer study. J Trace Elem Med Biol., 13(1-2)1–6, 1999.10.1016/S0946-672X(99)80016-9Search in Google Scholar

STIEFEL, E.I.: The biogeochemistry of molybdenum and tungsten. Met Ions Biol Syst., 39:1–29, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

SUTTLE, N.F.: Occasionally Beneficial Elements. Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. CABI International, Oxfordshire, UK, pp. 479–480, 2010.10.1079/9781845934729.0459Search in Google Scholar

SUN, L., WANG, K., L.I, Y., FAN, Q., ZHENG, W., LI, H.: Vanadium exposure-induced striatal learning and memory alterations in rats. Neurotoxicology, 62:124-129, 2017.Search in Google Scholar

TANIDA, E., USUDA, K., KONO, K., KAWANO, A., TSUJI, H., IMANISHI, M., SUZUKI, S., OHNISHI, K., YAMAMOTO, K.: Urinary scandium as predictor of exposure: effects of scandium chloride hexahydrate on renal function in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res., 130(3)273-282, 2009.10.1007/s12011-009-8337-619221697Search in Google Scholar

TCHOUNWOU, P.B., YEDJOU, C.G., PATLOLLA, A.K., SUTTON, D.J.: Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. EXS., 101:133-164, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

UTHUS, E.O., NIELSEN, F.H.: Effect of vanadium, iodine and their interaction on growth, Blood variables, liver trace elment and thyroid status indices in rats. Magnes Trace Elem., 9(4)219–226, 1990.Search in Google Scholar

VAN DER VOET, G.B., TODOROV, T.I., CENTENO, J.A., JONAS, W., IVES, J., MULLICK, F.G.: Metals and Health: A Clinical Toxicological Perspective on Tungsten and Review of the Literature. Military Medicine, 172(9)1002–1005, 2007.10.7205/MILMED.172.9.1002Search in Google Scholar

WANG, K., CUI, H., DENG, Y., PENG, X., ZUO, Z., FANG, J., DENG, J., CUI, W., WU, B.: Effect of dietary vanadium on intestinal microbiota in broiler. Biol Trace Elem Res., 149(2)212-218, 2012.10.1007/s12011-012-9409-622528779Search in Google Scholar

WANG, X., SUN, T., LIU, J., SHAN, Z., JIN, Y., CHEN, S., BAO, W., HU, F.B., LIU, L.: Inverse association of plasma vanadium levels with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Am J Epidemiol., 180(4)378-384, 2014.10.1093/aje/kwu14825005791Search in Google Scholar

WANG, J.P., HE, K.R., DING, X.M., BAI, S.P., ZENG, Q.F., ZHANG, K.Y.: Effect of Feeding and Withdrawal of Vanadium and Vitamin C on Egg Quality and Vanadium Residual Over Time in Laying Hens. Biol Trace Elem Res., 177(2)367-375, 2017.10.1007/s12011-016-0887-9Search in Google Scholar

WAPPELHORST, O., KÜHN, I., HEIDENREICH, H., MARKERT, B.: Transfer of selected elements from food into human milk. Nutrition, 18(4)316-322, 2002.10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00798-5Search in Google Scholar

WEDEPOHL, K.H.: The composition of the continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 59(7)1217–1232, 1995.10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2Search in Google Scholar

WONG, L.C.K., DOWN, W.L.: Renal effects of potassium niobate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 9(3)561-570, 1966. ZAMBELLI, B., CIURLI, S.: Nickel and human health. Met Ions Life Sci., 13:321-357, 2013.Search in Google Scholar

ZAMPELLA,G., FANTUCCI, P., PECORARO, V.L., DEGIOIA, L.: Insight i into the catalytic mechanism of vanadium haloperoxidases. DFT investigation of vanadium cofactor reactivity. Inorg Chem., 45:7133–7143, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

ZHANG, C.: Essential functions of iron-requiring proteins in DNA replication, repair and cell cycle control. Protein Cell., 5(10)750-760, 2014.10.1007/s13238-014-0083-7Search in Google Scholar

ZHOU, F.Y., QIU, K.J., LI, H.F., HUANG, T., WANG, B.L., LI, L., ZHENG, Y.F.: Screening on binary Zr-1X (X = Ti, Nb, Mo, Cu, Au, Pd, Ag, Ru, Hf and Bi) alloys with good in vitro cytocompatibility and magnetic resonance imaging compatibility. Acta Biomater., 9(12)9578-9587, 2013.10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.035Search in Google Scholar

ZHU, W., XU, S., SHAO, P., ZHANG, H., WU, D., YANG, W., FENG, J., FENG, L.: Investigation on liver function among population in high background of rare earth area in South China. Biol Trace Elem Res., 104(1)1–8, 2005.10.1385/BTER:104:1:001Search in Google Scholar